Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Iqbal Jeelani ¹, Nageena Nazir ¹, S. A. Mir ¹, Fehim Jeelani ¹, N. A. Dar ², Shamsul Haq ³, Syed Maqbool ³, Shahid Wani ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Statistics, SKUAST-K, IN
2 Division of Plant Pathology, SKUAST-K,, IN
3 Division of Environmental Science, SKUAST-K, IN

Abstract

In this paper one of the basic techniques of sampling namely simple random sampling has been used utilizing R software keeping in view the importance of this technique in agricultural surveys. Apple data taken from district Ganderbal of Kashmir valley is taken. Function SRSWOR(Y,N) using R software is developed; also different graphics are presented.

Keywords

R Software, Boxplot, Simple Random Sampling

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M. Iqbal Jeelani ¹, S. A. Mir ¹, Nageena Nazir ¹, Fehim Jeelani ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Statistics, SKUAST-K, IN

Abstract

In this article we have proposed some ratio estimator for the study variable based on the linear combination of known values of Co-efficient of Skewness and Median of the auxiliary variable utilizing Rank set sampling and Simple random sampling are proposed. Mean squared error up to the first degree of approximation are derived. The proposed ratio estimators under rank set sampling perform better than the proposed ratio estimators under simple random sampling. The simulated study has been carried out in support of the results.

Keywords

Rank set sampling, Ratio type estimator, Simple random sampling, Mean square error, Co-efficient of Skewness, Median

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M. Iqbal Jeelani ¹, S. E. H. Rizvi ¹, Manish KR. Sharma ¹, Nageena Nazir ¹, Faheem Jeelani ¹

Affiliations
1 Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), IN

Abstract

This article deals with the estimation of population mean under simple random sampling using a new form of ratio estimator. The expression for mean square error and bias has been obtained. An efficiency comparison is considered for proposed estimator with the classical ratio, product and exponential ratio estimator. Finally an empirical study is also carried out to judge the performance of proposed estimator.

Keywords

Simple Random Sampling, Ratio Estimator, Mean Square Error, Efficiency, AMS Classification: 62D05.

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Anjum Rashid ¹, N. A. Kirmani ¹, Nageena Nazir ¹, Sameera Shafi ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (Kashmir), Shalimar, Srinagar (J&K), IN

Abstract

Twelve treatment combinations of soil and foliar potassium applications were tested to study the effect of potassium on quality and nutrient concentration of apple fruit under orchard conditions. The study revealed that all the treatments exhibited positive effect on apple quality. All the treatments significantly increased the fruit weight, length, diameter, TSS, color and fruit firmness, while simultaneously a decrease in fruit acidity was also recorded. Highest fruit weight, length, diameter, TSS and color were recorded in treatment combination S₃F₂ (i.e. soil K₂O @ 2250 gm/tree+foliar spray of 1.5% K₂SO₄) which was found at par with S₂F₂ treatment. (i.e. soil K₂O @ 1500 gm/tree+foliar spray of 1.5% K₂SO₄); significant increase and decrease in the fruit potassium and calcium contents, respectively, was also observed.

Keywords

Potassium, Nutrient Concentration, Apple, Fruit Quality.

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Sameera Shafi ¹, S. A. Mir ², Nageena Nazir ², Anjum Rashid ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Statistics, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar (J&K), IN
2 Division of Agricultural Statistics, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar (J&K), IN

Abstract

Optimum plot shape and size of plot has been worked out from uniformity trial on S-II variety of tomato. Maximum curvature method, Fair-field Smith’s variance law was used for the purpose. A plot of 8 m2 (4m x 2 m) was found to be optimum for S-II variety of tomato grown at RRS and FOA Wadura Campus, SKUAST-K. The trial indicated that coefficient of variation decreased with increase in plot size in either direction, but decrease was more in north-south direction than east-west direction. The shape of plot has been found to have very little influence on variability within the range of plot size considered.

Keywords

Tomato, Trial, Variety.

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Nageena Nazir ¹, S. A. Mir ², M. Iqbal Jeelani ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agri-Statistics, SKUAST-K, Shalimar (J&K), IN
2 Division of Agri-Statistics, SKUASTK, Shalimar (J&K), IN

Abstract

In this paper we studied Bayesian aspect of small area estimation using Area level model. We proposed and evaluated new prior distribution for the area level model, for the variance component rather than uniform prior. The proposed model is implemented using the MCMC method for fully Bayesian inference. Laplace approximation is used to obtain accurate approximations to the posterior moments. We apply the proposed model to the analysis of horticultural data and results from the model are compared with frequestist approach and with Bayesian model of uniform prior in terms of average relative bias, average squared relative bias and average absolute bias. The numerical results obtained highlighted the superiority of using the proposed prior over the uniform prior.

Keywords

Small Area Estimation, Area Level Model, Hierarchical Bayes.

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Yasmeena Ismail ¹, S. A. Mir ¹, M. A. Bhat ¹, Nageena Nazir ¹

Affiliations
1 S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar (J&K), IN

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic, often debilitating and sometimes fatal disease, in which the body either cannot produce insulin or cannot properly use the insulin it produces. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the beta cells of the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body can’t properly use the insulin that is released (called insulin insensitivity) or does not make enough insulin. Diabetic nephropathy, also known as Kimmelstiel Wilson syndrome or nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis or intercapillary glomerulonephritis, is a clinical syndrome characterized by albuminuria (>300 mg/day or >200 mcg/min), permanent and irreversible decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the rate of rise in serum creatinine (SrCr). According to the WHO, 31.7 million people were affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) in India in the year 2000. This figure is estimated to rise to 79.4 million by 2030, the largest number in any nation in the world. In this paper, survival analysis will be done of the type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients through generalized linear model. Most appropriate distribution for duration of diabetes is selected through Bayesian information criterion value. Then two generalized linear models are fitted by taking the duration of diabetes as response variable and the predictors as SrCr, number of successes; GFR, number of successes, respectively. These covariates are linked with the response variable using different link functions. At the last, survival function under different links will be compared.

Keywords

Generalized Linear Model, Link Function, Bayesian Information Criterion, Survival Function, Diabetic Nephropathy, GFR.

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Zahoor Ahmed ¹, K. K. Dhatt ², N. A. Ganai ³, Q. A. H. Dar ⁴, Nageena Nazir ⁵

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SKUAST-K), Kupwara (J&K), IN
2 Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN
3 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture (SKUAST-K) Wadura Sopore (J&K), IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SKUAST-K), Bandipora (J&K), IN
5 Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir (J&K), IN

Abstract

The present study was under taken to analyze the genetic diversity in fifty seven genotypes of gladiolus through multivariate analysis. The genotypes were grouped into five different clusters with highest inter cluster distance reported between IV and V and lowest between II and IV. The highest intra cluster distance was observed within cluster II and lowest within cluster V. Based on cluster means, the important cluster was observed to be cluster IV for leaf breadth, number of days taken to sprouting, heading, colour bud show and opening of first floret, stem, spike and rachis diameter, equatorial and polar diameter of corm and spike length and cluster III for leaf length, number of leaves per plant and durability of floret. Hence, selection of parents from clusters III and IV could be utilized for hybridization with parents of other clusters to achieve more improvement in vigour and yield. The results of principal component analysis showed that first 3 principal component axes explained 68.77 per cent of total variation in the germplasm. The greater part of this variation was loaded from equatorial and polar diameter of corm, days taken to opening of 1^st floret and colour bud show, spike and stem diameter.

Keywords

Gladiolus, Genetic Diversity, Mahalanobis D² Static, Principal Component Analysis.

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Zahoor Ahmed ¹, N. A. Ganai ², Nageena Nazir ³, Prabjhit Kaur ⁴

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SKUAST-K), Kupwara (J&K), IN
2 Division of Horticulture, (SKUAST-K), Wadura Sopore (J&K), IN
3 Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar (J&K), IN
4 Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

In geophytes, the process of flowering involves a series of molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms for development of reproductive organs. Sensing and integration of external factors like temperature, photoperiod, stress etc. by the plant at optimum time are necessary for floral development. These factors can be tapped to prepare to plant to induce flowering at a desired period of time. This operation has done wonders in terms of producing flowers during off-season, increases the farmer’s income, provide employment through the year, satisfy the consumer need at specific time etc.

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Zahoor Ahmed ¹, N. A. Ganai ², Nageena Nazir ³, Prabhjit Kaur ⁴

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SKUAST-K), Kupwara (J&K), IN
2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, (SKUAST-K), Wadura Sopore (J&K), IN
3 Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture and Technology, Kashmir (J&K), IN
4 Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The rise in environmental consciousness among the people has forced them to create healthy and better surroundings, which in turn lead to establishment of home gardens. The establishment of home gardens has now become an important component in home constructions. Home gardens should always be on the south side of building to make it more cheerful and utilitarian type. All the components of the garden should be proper proportion, well demarcated or screened by hedges, to create a systemic outlook. The land should be properly leveled with suitable gradient, weeds need to be eradicated completely and soil should be brought to fine tilth. A healthy, attractive, long-lived lawn can be established by selecting high quality seed or planting material and turfgrasses that are well adapted to the soil and climate. Lawns can be planted by using seeds or vegetative techniques like sodding, sprigging and plugging. The post planting operations like irrigation, fertigation and mowing should be judiciously followed at regular basis to keep the lawn in a healthy and beautiful condition. Irrigation must be applied correctly, especially following fertilization, to minimize potential nutrient losses. Proper mowing height increases turfgrass density and promotes deep ischolar_main growth, both of which lead to a stronger lawn that is more competitive against weeds and better able to persist under environmental stresses such as drought. Proper mowing practices, along with fertilization and irrigation, can largely determine the success or failure of a lawn.

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