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Ogugua Victor, N.
- Effect of Vitamin E-Stored Experimental Blood Samples on Malondialdehyde and Protein Concentration
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 3, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 138-139Abstract
The continuous fluctuation in power supply in some developing countries has been suggested to be one of the contributing factors that affect stored experimental blood samples leading to errors in laboratory results. The study was therefore aimed at evaluating the effect of vitamin-E stored blood samples on Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein concentrations with a view to suggesting a way of reducing errors in laboratory results that are due to oxidation. MDA was determined using the method of Das et al. (1990) while Biuret's method as described in Amadi et al. (2004) was used to determine the protein concentration. The results obtained show that MDA concentration in the blood sample without vitamin E increased during storage from day 1 (80% TBARS) today 4 (233% TBARS) while in the sample stored with vitamin E, the concentration of MDA decreased slightly during storage from day2 (80% TBARS) today (79% TBARS). The protein concentration in the samples without vitamin E decreased during storage from day 1 (2.5±0.08 g/dl) today 4 (1.7±0.09g/dl) while the concentration of protein in the sample stored with vitamin E, showed no significant increase or decrease from day 2 (2.5±0.03g/dl) today 4 (2.4±0.01g/dl). From the results of the study, it is therefore strongly suggested that vitamin E should be added to blood samples before storage considering the inconsistent power supply in developing countries. This will reduce the effect of oxidation and thus minimize errors in laboratory results.Keywords
Vitamin E, MDA, Protein, Blood.
References
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- Lee, Y.J. and Shacter, E. (1999). Oxidative stress inhibits Apoptosis in human lymphoma cells. J. Biol. Chem., 274: 19792-19798
- Pey, A., Baborido, A. and Blazquez, I. (2003). Effect of prolonged stanozolol treatment on antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress markers in rat liver. J.Steroid Biochem. and Mol.Biol., 8:269-277
- Soto, C. (1999). Alzheimer’s and Prion disease as disorders of protein conformation. Implications for the design of noverl therapeutic approaches. J. Mol. Med., 77:412
- Traber, M.G. and Atkinson, J. (2007). Vitamin E: function and metabolism. FASEB. J., 13:1145-1155.
- Wolf, G. (2005). The discovery of antioxidant, function of vitamin E. J.Nutr., 135:363-366.
- Wolff, S.P., Garner, A. and Dean, R.T. (1986). Free radicals, lipids and proteins degradation. ZIBS. 11:27-31
- Correlating the Prevalence and Severity of Anaemia amongst HIV Infected Adults Males and Females Attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Louis University Institute of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Mile Three Nkwen Bamenda, CM
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Louis University Institute of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Mile Three Nkwen Bamenda, CM
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 4, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 225-227Abstract
Anaemia is an independent risk factor for disease progression and death in persons with HIV infection. The prevalence and severity of anaemia was therefore correlated amongst 300 Cameroonian adult males and females who were diagnosed with the HIV infection at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Four different haemoglobin concentrations were used as cut off points to categorize anaemia into mild anaemia (Hb ≤ 10g/dl); clear - cut anaemia (Hb ≤ 9g/dl); severe anaemia (Hb ≤ 7g/dl) and critically severe anaemia (Hb ≤ 5g/dl). A cell - Dyn 3200 blood analyzer was used to determine the haemoglobin concentration of the different groups of patients. Results obtained showed that the mean haemoglobin concentration of the HIV infected males (10.08 ± 0.4g/dl) significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the mean haemoglobin concentration of the HIV free control (14.0 ± 0.14g/dl). The mean haemoglobin concentration of the HIV infected females (8.76 ± 10.5g/dl) also decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the HIV free control (12.1 ± 0.8g/dl). The prevalence of mild anaemia, clear - cut anaemia, severe anaemia and critically severe anaemia were 43.3%, 40%, 4.7% and 0% in males and 25.3%, 60%, 4.7% and 10% in females respectively. The results obtained from this study indicates that the severity of anaemia in higher in HIV infected adult females than adult males attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital.Keywords
Anaemia, Severity, Prevalence, HIV, Cameroon.References
- • Alumanah, E.O and Nwanguma, B.C. (2007). Severity of anaemia in Nigerian children diagnosed with plasmodium facilparium malaria in the first year of life. Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health. 6:11 - 15
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- • Sobrero, A., Puglisi, F and Guglielmi, A. (2001). Fatigue: a main component of anaemia. Symptomatology Semin Oncol 28:15 - 18
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- • WHO (2006). WHO: case definition of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and Immunological classification.
- Evaluating the Prevention and Management of Accidental Poisoning from Household Chemicals in the Nkwen Area, Bamenda, Cameroon
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, St. Louis University Institute of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Mile 3 Nkwen, Bamenda, CM
2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, St. Louis University Institute of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Mile 3 Nkwen, Bamenda, CM
2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 4, No 5 (2012), Pagination: 290-293Abstract
Poisonings from household chemicals such as cleaning products and cosmetics are common occurrences and can cause acute respiratory infections and cancer. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the level of prevention and management of accidental poisoning from household chemicals in the Nkwen Area in Bamenda, Cameroon. A cross-sectional population based descriptive study was undertaken in miles three and four Nkwen, Bamenda in which 110 households were randomly selected to take part. The evaluation was carried out by the use of a questionnaire survey. From the results obtained, detergents and cosmetics were the most available chemicals used in these areas, with cosmetics contributing to 32.22% of poisoned cases while detergents contributed to 51.11% of the poisoned cases. It was also found that most of the poisoned cases were not taken to the hospital. In conclusion, this study had shown that the level of prevention and management of accidental poisoning from household chemicals in the study areas were generally poor.Keywords
Household, Chemicals, Poisoning, Prevention, Management, Miles Three And Four, Bamenda, Cameroon.References
- Shoemaker, I.M and Vitale, C.Y (1991). Healthy Homes Healthy Kids, Protecting your Children from Everyday Environmental Hazards.Washington, D.C, Island Press.
- Bruce, N., Perez-Padilla, R and Albalak, R. (2000). Indoor Air pollution in Developing Countries:. A Major Environmental and Public Health Challenge. Bulletin of the World Health Organization .78 no 9:p1078-92.
- United Nations Environmental Programme (2002). Children in the New millennium.
- WHO (1997). Management of Poisoning - A Handbook for Health care workers.
- Kirk R. S and Sumi, M (2000). "The Burden of Disease From indoor Air pollution in Developing Countries: comparison of Estimates" (Paper presented at USAID Global Consultation: The Health impact of Indoor Air pollution and household Energy in Developing Countries: setting the Agenda for Action, summary Report for participants, Washington, DC, 2000).
- National Cancer Association (1982)
- Kaufman, M.M, Smolinske. S and Keswick, D. (2005). Assessing the poisoning risk related to storage of household hazardous materials Environmental health volume 4.
- Yasser, S and Sherif. El, G (2010). Household Product Survey - HAAD poison and Drug information Center. Vol 8 issue 9.
- Woolf A., Lewander, W., Fillipone, G. and Lovejoy, F (1987). Prevention of childhood poisoning: Efficacy of an educational program carried out in an emergency clinic. Pediatrics. 80:359- 363
- Smith, K.R., Zhang, J., Uma R, Kishore, V.V.M., Joshi, V and Khalil, M.A.K. (2000). "Indoor Air pollution in Developing countries and Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children" Thorax 55. no6:518-32
- Watson, W.A. Litowitz, T.L., Klein-Schwartz W and Rodgers, G.C (2004). 2003 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centres Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg med 22:335-404.
- The Practice of Radiation Protection in Conventional Radiography Department in Four Hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, St. Louis University Institute of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Mile 3 Nkwen, Bamenda, CM
2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, St. Louis University Institute of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Mile 3 Nkwen, Bamenda, CM
2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 4, No 5 (2012), Pagination: 304-306Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the practice of radiation protection and compare it with the stated norms of radiation protection. A cross - sectional hospital based descriptive design was undertaken in four hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon in which all the technologists (17) working in the x - ray department of the selected hospitals took part in the study. The assessment was carried out by the use of a questionnaire survey. From the results obtained, all the hospitals had lead aprons and shields but only one hospital gonad shield and lead gloves. 47.06% had been trained for at least three years. Radiation protection supervisors were present in two of the four hospitals but only one hospital had a warning red light in good working condition. In conclusion radiation protection in conventional radiography is not properly practiced as not all norms are respected and therefore remains a problem that needs to be solved.Keywords
Radiation, Protection, Conventional Radiography, Yaounde, Cameroon.References
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- Dendy, P.P and Heaton (1987). Physics for Radiologists. Blackwell's publication, London p313
- Environmental Protection Agency (2007). Ionizing Radiation Fact Book, United States of America
- Grover, S.B., Kumar, J., Gapta, A and Khanna, L (2002). Protection Against Hazards; Regulatory Bodies Safety Norms, Dose limits and Protective Devices. Indian Journal of Radiology and Image vol 12 pp 158 - 162
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- Hjardemall, O (1994). Principle of Radiation Protection; Workers in Medical x - ray field. National Institute of Radiation Hygiene, Denmark
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- Alterations in Antioxidant and Hematological Indices in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Rats Exposed to Paint Fumes
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, NG
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, NG
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 22, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 18-28Abstract
Toxicities of various kinds due to inhalation of fumes from paint industries as well as housing estates in Nigeria and indeed in many Africa countries are now being realized as an occupational hazard. In this study, the effects of paint fumes on oxidative stress and hematological parameters in diabetic and normal rats were investigated. The rats were exposed to paint fumes for 7 days. The result of groups 4-6 (diabetic) showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in glucose levels compared to groups 1-3 (non diabetic). After exposure of groups 2, 3, 5, and 6 to paint fumes, groups 2 and 3 showed a non significant increase (P > 0.05) in their glucose when compared to group 1 while group 5-6 gave a significant elevation of blood glucose level when compared to group 4. Red blood cell in groups 4-6 (diabetic groups) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when compared to group 1. However, there was no significant lipid per oxidation (malondialdehyde) in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 except in group 6 when compared to group 1 (normal control). There were non significant decreases (P > 0.05) in antioxidant levels across groups 1-6. The results of packed cell volume in group 6 (diabetic exposed to oil paint fumes) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to group 1. Methemoglobin concentration showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in groups 3 (normal rats exposed to oil paint fumes) and 6 (diabetic rats exposed to oil paint fumes) when compared to group 1. In conclusion, paint suppresses certain hematopoietic processes and complicates diabetic status in rats.Keywords
Alloxan-Induced, Antioxidants, Diabetes Mellitus, Inhalation Chamber, Paint Fumes.References
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- Nutritional and Toxicological Potentials of Mucuna pruriens Seed
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG