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- Prathap Kumar Kothapalli
- S. Jagadeesh Sanganal
- H. D. Narayanaswamy
- M. Narayanaswamy
- C. Rekha
- A. M. Shivanand
- J. S. Sanganal
- H. D. Narayana Swamy
- A. Padmanabha
- H. R. V. Reddy
- Muttappa Khavi
- B. T. Naveen Kumar
- Jagadeesh. S. Sanganal
- Amol R. Padol
- K Jayakumar
- M. Narayana Swamy
- K. Mohan
- K. Jayakumar
- M. D. Bayer
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Shridhar, N. B.
- In-Vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Screening of Ficus bengalensis Leaf Extract in Rats
Abstract Views :194 |
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Authors
Prathap Kumar Kothapalli
1,
S. Jagadeesh Sanganal
1,
N. B. Shridhar
1,
H. D. Narayanaswamy
2,
M. Narayanaswamy
3
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, IN
2 Dept. of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, IN
3 Dept. of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, IN
1 Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, IN
2 Dept. of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, IN
3 Dept. of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 4, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 174-178Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Ficus bengalensis leaf extract in rats using Eddy's hot plate method and formalin induced paw oedema model, respectively. The Ficus benghalensis methanolic leaf extract tested for anti-inflammatory activity, showed a significant (P<0.001) paw volume reduction at dose of 200 mg/kg and at 3 hours. The percent inhibition in paw volume was 65.21% at 200 mg/kg as compared to 62.31% of Diclofenac indicating the anti-inflammatory activity, in formalin-induced paw-edema model. The Ficus benghalensis leaf extract also demonstrated a significant (P<0.001) analgesic activity at both 100 and 200 mg/kg. Thus it can be concluded that the Ficus benghalensis leaf extract possess a potent analgesic and antiinflammatory activities as reflected by the parameters investigated, and demands further research to characterize the novel candidate.Keywords
Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Ficus Bengalensis Leaf Extract, Eddy’s Hot Plate Method and Formalin Induced Paw Oedema Model.- Detection of Mycotoxins using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry in Fungal Infected Meadow Grass Fodder
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Departments of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, IN
1 Departments of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 22, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 42-45Abstract
The worldwide contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is a significant problem. The present study is aimed to detect the mycotoxin present in fungal infected meadow grass fodder from the Uttara Kannada district, where the cattle and buffaloes were exhibiting clinical signs such as posterior paralysis, downer cow syndrome, rumen impaction, and keratomalacia of tail and even mortality. The infected meadow grass fodder samples were collected and were subjected to the multimycotoxin analysis using 1200 series high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) coupled to MDS Sciex 3200 Q Trap LC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS system (Applied Biosystems, USA). Calibration curves were built individually using five or six concentration levels in the wheat matrix (mycotoxin free) were injected into LC-MS/MS system for each mycotoxin to be analyzed. The peak area of the mycotoxins was plotted against the concentration to generate matrix matched calibration curve. The analysis revealed the presence various mycotoxins in the sample, mainly Fusarial toxins such as zearalenone and beauvericin along with traces of aflatoxins, ochratoxin, citrinin, and trichothecenes. Hence, it could be concluded that the mycotoxins got detected in fungal infected meadow grass using LCMS/MS technique, could be the causatives for the major livestock disorders mentioned.Keywords
Fusarial Toxins, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry, Meadow Grass, Mycotoxicosis.References
- Bryden WL. Mycotoxin contamination of the feed supply chain: Implications for animal productivity and feed security. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2012; 173:134–58.
- Diaz D. In: The Mycotoxin Blue Book. 1st ed. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press. 2005; 249–68.
- Bryden WL. Mycotoxins: Natural food chain contaminants and human health. In: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. Burlington, MA, U.S.A, Elsevier Publications. 2011; 898–905.
- Onji Y, Okayama A, Yasumura K, Tamaki M. Two dimensional liquid chromatographic separation of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. Mycotoxins. 2002; 52:115.
- Tanaka T, Yoneda A, Sugiura Y, Inoue S, Takino M, Tanaka A et al. An application of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for determination of aflatoxins. Mycotoxins. 2002; 52:107.
- Pereira V, Fernandes J, Cunha S. Mycotoxins in cereals and related foodstuffs: A review on occurrence and recent methods of analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2014; 36:96–136.
- Koppen R, Koch M, Siegel D, Merkel S, Maul R, Nehls I. Determination of mycotoxins in foods: Current state of analytical methods and limitations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010; 86:1595–612.
- Morgavi DP, Riley RT. An historical overview of field disease outbreaks known or suspected to be caused by consumption of feed contaminated with Fusarium toxins. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2007; 137:201–12.
- Toxic Effects of Quinalphos on Protein Content and Growth Rate in Freshwater Teleost, Cyprinus carpio (L.)
Abstract Views :368 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, IN
3 Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, IN
1 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, IN
3 Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 23, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 89-94Abstract
Organophosphate based pesticides account for a major percentage of pesticides used in domestic, agricultural and industrial applications throughout the world. They are highly popular because they are effective, non persistent and relatively less expensive. Quinalphos is a synthetic organophosphate which has become a matter of concern because of its potentiality and hazardous effect. Hence, the present investigation was designed to assess the impact of quinalphos on total protein content in the selected tissues and growth rate of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. The lethal toxicity of quinalphos to the fish exposed for 96 h was found to be 2.75 ppm. For sublethal toxicity study, the fish were exposed to two concentration viz., 1/5th of LC50 (0.550 ppm) and 1/10th of LC50 (0.275 ppm) along with control as reference for 4, 8, 16 and 32 days. Decrease in total protein concentration and growth rate were observed in 4th and 8th day of exposure, but on 16th and 32nd day of exposure all the values reached nearer to normal condition. The decline in total protein levels and relative growth rate at initial exposure periods may indicates the high energy demand associated with imposed quinalphos stress. Restoration of protein fractions to normal, implies that after 8 days of exposure there seems to exist an oscillatory phase in protein turnover towards a more synthetic phase leading to the establishment of recuperation and adaptation phenomena.Keywords
Quinalphos, Toxicity, Freshwater Teleost, Total Protein, Growth.References
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- Phytopharmacology of Ficus bengalensis-A Review
Abstract Views :184 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, IN
1 Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 4, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 201-204Abstract
Ethnopharmacology is the study of the medicinal use of plants by indigenous people. Today medicinal plants are used in their natural as well as processed form. The plant derived medicinal substances are secondary metabolites. Most of these chemicals are harmless, many possess medicinal properties and still many are toxic. Ficus (Family: Moraceae), commonly known as Banyan tree or Vata or Vada tree in Ayurveda, is a tree considered to be sacred in India. Traditionally, Ficus benghalensis is used as astringent, haemostat, as anti-inflammatory and anti-septic agent and in other ailments. The present review aims to update the information on the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Ficus.Keywords
Ficus, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Properties.- Toxicity Episodes of Mimosa Invisa in Cattle and Buffaloes
Abstract Views :587 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Obscure Disease Research Center, Veterinary College Campus, Shivamogga, Karnataka, IN
1 Obscure Disease Research Center, Veterinary College Campus, Shivamogga, Karnataka, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 224-227Abstract
Toxicity episode of Mimosa invisa was observed in 16 adult indigenous cattle and 10 buffaloes. The clinical signs were severe perineal oedema and death in cattle and buffaloes which consumed the plant. This study confirmed the plant as a cause for the clinical syndrome of perineal oedema which was an obscure disease. There was a damage to kidney with significant increase in serum creatinine and BUN. The damage to other vital organs like heart and lungs were also noticed both gross as well in histological findings.Keywords
Mimosa invisa, Toxicity, Perineal Oedema, Cattle, Buffaloes Obscure.References
- Narayana, K,, Pradeep, K., Usha, N. and Shridhar, N.B.Poisonous and Medicinal Plants. 1 rst edn. Jayshri Publications, Bengaluru, 2003; 128-132.
- Schultz, G.C. Creeping sensitive plant (Mimosa invisa). Agnote Northern Territory of Australia, 2000; 493, 1-5.
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- Tungtrakanpoung, N. and Rhienpanish, K. The toxicity of Mimosa invisa Mart. var. inermis Adelbert to buffaloes. Buffalo Bull.,1992; 11, 30-33
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- Shridhar,N.B., Srikanth, K.G. and Narayana,K. Toxicity study of Mimosa invisa in calf, rabbit and rat. Indian Vet.J., 2007; 84(7) 694-697.
- Shridhar, N.B. Toxicity studies of Mimosa pudica in livestock and laboratory animals LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 17-02-2015. https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-659-34995-9/toxicity-studies-of-mimosa-pudica-in-livestock-and-laboratory-animals
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- Jayasree, P. K. Biology and management of Mimosa invisa Mart.in Kerala. PhD thesis submitted to Kerala Agricultural University, 2005.
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- Therapeutic Management of Toxicity of Ficus tsjahela Leaves in Cattle
Abstract Views :399 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Obscure Disease Research Center, Veterinary College Campus, Shivamogga, Karnataka, IN
1 Obscure Disease Research Center, Veterinary College Campus, Shivamogga, Karnataka, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 313-318Abstract
The toxicity episodes of Ficus tsjahela leaves cattle and treatment regimen were studied. The clinical signs in Ficus tsjahela toxicity were salivation, generalized clonic and tonic seizures, nystagmus, stereotypic gnawing behavior, hyperesthesia, ataxia, paddling movements while in recumbency and stereotyped gnawing behavior or eating inanimate objects. The affected animals were treated effectively with diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg i/v and thiamine hydrochloride @ 10 mg/kg i/m with intravenous administration of 5-10 ml/kg of 10 % dextrose solution twice at 10 to 12 h interval for 3-4 days till complete recovery. There was no change in serum concentrations of ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus except acute hyperglycemia. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, terpenes, diterpenes, lactones, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides. The results of this study demonstrated the toxicity of Ficus tsjahela leaves in cattle and its therapeutic management with diazepam, thiamine hydrochloride and dextrose.Keywords
Ficus tsjahela, Toxicity, Cattle, Treatment, Diazepam, Thiamine, Dextrose.References
- Shridhar, N.B., Toxicity of Ficus tsjahela leaves in cattle and its treatment http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/wbc/2010/AbstractCD/OP-PO02q.htm
- Shridhar, N. B., Krishna, N. S. and Santhosh Kumar, C. N. Toxicity of Ficus Tsjahela leaves in cattle and its clinical management. Indian Vet.J., 2014;91(7) 49-50.
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- Safety Evaluation of Silk Protein Film (A Novel Wound Healing Agent) in Terms of Acute Dermal Toxicity, Acute Dermal Irritation and Skin Sensitization
Abstract Views :145 |
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Authors
Amol R. Padol
1,
K Jayakumar
1,
N. B. Shridhar
1,
H. D. Narayana Swamy
2,
M. Narayana Swamy
3,
K. Mohan
1
Affiliations
1 Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
2 Departments of Veterinary Pathology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
3 Departments of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
1 Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
2 Departments of Veterinary Pathology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
3 Departments of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 18, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 17-21Abstract
Acute dermal toxicity study was conducted in rats. The parameters studied were body weight, serum biochemistry and gross pathology. The animals were also observed for clinical signs and mortality after the application of test film. The dermal irritation potential of silk protein film was examined using Draize test. In the initial test, three test patches were applied sequentially for 3 min, 1 and 4 hours, respectively, and skin reaction was graded. The irritant or negative response was confirmed using two additional animals, each with one patch, for an exposure period of 4 hours. The responses were scored at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the patch removal. Skin sensitization study was conducted according to Buehler test in guinea pigs, in which on day 0, 7 and 14, the animals were exposed to test material for 6 hours (Induction phase) and on day 28, the animals were exposed for a period of 24 hours (Challenge phase). The skin was observed and recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the patch removal. In acute dermal toxicity study, the rats dermally treated with silk film did not show any abnormal clinical signs and the body weight, biochemical parameters and gross pathological observations were not significantly different from the control group. In acute dermal irritation study, the treated rabbits showed no signs of erythema, edema and eschar, and the scoring was given as “0” for all time points of observations according to Draize scoring system. In skin sensitization study, there were no skin reactions 24 and 48 hours after the removal of challenge patch, which was scored “0” based on Magnusson/Kligman grading scale.Keywords
Draize test, erythema, irritation, sensitization- Study of Nephrotoxic Potential of Acetaminophen in Birds
Abstract Views :174 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Departments of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
2 Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
3 Veterinary Faculty Clinics, Ningarhar University, Daronta Jalalabad, Ningarhar, Afghanistan, AF
1 Departments of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
2 Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
3 Veterinary Faculty Clinics, Ningarhar University, Daronta Jalalabad, Ningarhar, Afghanistan, AF