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Khavi, Muttappa
- Quinalphos Induced Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Liver and Kidney of Common carp, Cyprinus carpio
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Affiliations
1 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore-575 002, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore-575 002, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 14, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 871-876Abstract
Oxidative stress responses were evaluated in liver and kidney of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio exposed to organophosphorus pesticide, quinalphos (25% emulsified concentration). Lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically in liver and kidney of fish, treated with two sub-lethal concentrations of quinalphos viz., 0.275 ppm and 0.55 ppm along with control as a reference for 4, 8, 16 and 32 days. The experimental concentration of quinalphos evoked different degrees of activity in both the tissues, the liver and the kidney. The significant increase in lipid peroxidation suggests quinalphosmediated free radical production; the increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase with corresponding increase in the activity of glutathione reductase indicates the glutathione conjugation of the pesticide; activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased drastically after 32nd day exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of pesticide. Overall, the results demonstrate that alteration in the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione system and induction of lipid peroxidation reflects the toxicity of quinalphos which may cause oxidative stress in the experimental fish. The study, therefore, provides a rational use of biomarkers of oxidative stress in biomonitoring programs.Keywords
Biomarkers, Chronic Toxicity, Cyprinus carpio, Oxidative Stress, Quinalphos.References
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- Toxic Effects of Quinalphos on Protein Content and Growth Rate in Freshwater Teleost, Cyprinus carpio (L.)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, IN
3 Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, IN
1 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, IN
3 Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 23, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 89-94Abstract
Organophosphate based pesticides account for a major percentage of pesticides used in domestic, agricultural and industrial applications throughout the world. They are highly popular because they are effective, non persistent and relatively less expensive. Quinalphos is a synthetic organophosphate which has become a matter of concern because of its potentiality and hazardous effect. Hence, the present investigation was designed to assess the impact of quinalphos on total protein content in the selected tissues and growth rate of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. The lethal toxicity of quinalphos to the fish exposed for 96 h was found to be 2.75 ppm. For sublethal toxicity study, the fish were exposed to two concentration viz., 1/5th of LC50 (0.550 ppm) and 1/10th of LC50 (0.275 ppm) along with control as reference for 4, 8, 16 and 32 days. Decrease in total protein concentration and growth rate were observed in 4th and 8th day of exposure, but on 16th and 32nd day of exposure all the values reached nearer to normal condition. The decline in total protein levels and relative growth rate at initial exposure periods may indicates the high energy demand associated with imposed quinalphos stress. Restoration of protein fractions to normal, implies that after 8 days of exposure there seems to exist an oscillatory phase in protein turnover towards a more synthetic phase leading to the establishment of recuperation and adaptation phenomena.Keywords
Quinalphos, Toxicity, Freshwater Teleost, Total Protein, Growth.References
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