Informatics Publishing Limited

Nor Bazilah Bopi ¹, Ahmad Fadzil Ismail ¹, Suriza A. Zabidi ¹, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MY

Abstract

Floods are one of the major disasters occurring all over the world, including Malaysia. It can lead to destruction of facilities, infrastructures as well as properties. Minimizing the risk of hazards and loss can be achieved by implementing several measures. Motivated from one of the biggest flood disasters ever occurred in the country, this monitoring system is developed as a means to reduce the risk of loss and damages. Monitoring rainfall rate may assist the community as it can provide early flood forecasting even though it cannot fully prevent the flood. Besides, it can give additional information on the probability of landslide occurrences. This paper presents the development of useful and reliable rainfall rate monitoring system for online hydrological stations in Kelantan. The whole processes in the development of this first prototype are conducted and performed using open-source software and tools such as Visual Basic and Quantum GIS (QGIS).

Keywords

Flood, Rain Gauge, Rainfall Rate, Real-Time Monitoring.

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A. H. Yaccop ¹, Y. D. Yao ¹, A. F. Ismail ², K. Badron ², Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, New Jersey, US
2 Department of ECE, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MY

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Researches disclosed rain attenuation prediction models offered by ITU-R severely underestimate the signal attenuation in tropical region. Improvement can be accomplished by incorporating three in-situ parameters of prediction models. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The locally derived components are rainfall rate, rain height and specific attenuation coefficients. Beacon signal data for MEASAT-I satellite were sampled for one year. Sampling time of 1 minute was chosen for rainfall rate. Both attenuation and rainfall rate were represented in terms of annual cumulative distribution. Rain height data were gathered from related researches and visually compared with radar data of 10 convective and 30 stratiform rain events. Findings: In previous works, these components were treated separately. By combining all three components, rain attenuation prediction model with distinctive accuracy can be acquired compared to the previous results. All previous and current works exhibited significant improvement from the latest ITU-R P.618 revision 12 model. The new result closely fitted in with measured attenuation which was not present in any previous work. This was shown by RMS error of 2.02 dB at availability of 99.9% to 99.999% (0.1% to 0.001% exceedance). Application/ Improvements: Accurate representation of fade margin can be included in link budget analysis by designers for satellite deployment in tropical region.

Keywords

ITU-R, Ku-Band, Rain Attenuation, Satellite, Tropical.

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Muhamad Jamil Jakpar ¹, Nor Farahidah Za’bah ¹, Ahmad Fadzil Ismail ¹, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University, Jalan Gombak - 53100, MY

Abstract

This paper outlines how the direction finder technology was exploited in the design of a device; capable of locating the where about of a UHF transmitter. The value of amplitude and frequency of the signal were employed in the determination of the signal source direction. The study emphasized on the utilization of low cost components. The assembled prototype offers 22.5˚ bearing coverage. The determination of the direction was achieved by differentiating the received frequency signal involving multiple antenna arrays. Direction of transmitter was determined by making the receiver antenna arrays emulating condition of motion with the use of antenna switcher. Received signals were converted into tones where larger signal amplitude translates to louder tone. Antenna arrays were arranged in specific manner where the tone volumes were compared and the direction within 360˚ position was determined. The result suggests that the system can provide the detection coverages up to 22.5 degree which is better than the existing solutions in terms of equipment selection, cost, and coverage.

Keywords

Antenna Switcher, Direction Finder Technology, Pseudo Doppler Technique, RDF.

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Atikah Balqis Basri ¹, Ahmad Fadzil Ismail ¹, Muhamad Haziq Khairolanuar ¹, Nuurul Hudaa Mohd Sobli ¹, Khairayu Badron ¹, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jln. Gombak, Selangor, MY

Abstract

Floods refers to the condition of great overflow of water over a dry land. In malaysia, monsoon flood which cause by the heavy rain in monsoon seasons regularly hits the country. A criteria of the cloud based on horizontal and vertical profile of radar reflectivity have been analyzed in this paper to estimate flood event. The values of the thickness and the size of the cloud are estimated from the analysis. In this paper, we analyze the river basin data and radar data in the duration of flooding time, T for the specific area covered by meteorological radar and rain gauge data. The procedure was applied to 14 days precipitation phenomenon observed in Kota Bharu, Kelantan (Malaysia) from 13 December 2014 until 26 December 2014. The objective of this paper is to analyse the distinctiveness of the cloud during flood events. The result shows that during the critical time of flood disaster, the cloud shows largest size of 13070.6 km2 and the thickness appeared to be the largest at almost 10.2 km during the beginning of the rain fall. The analysis helps us to understand the cloud characteristics hence in future flood estimation model can be constructed and modelled.

Keywords

CAPPI, Flood Estimation Model, Flood Model, Radar, RHI.

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Atika Arshad ¹, Ahmad Fadzil Ismail ¹, Sheroz Khan ¹, Wahidah Hashim ², Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, MY
2 Department of System and Networking, Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, MY

Abstract

With the rapid growth of a number of elderly people around the world, an increasing need has arisen in providing physical security to them. Researchers have been working in developing such monitoring systems for the past decades. However, the needs of elderly people and their families are yet to be fulfilled, especially since the developed existing systems need their users to change their lifestyles. This work aims at suggesting a system for monitoring the occupancy of an elderly person on the bed. Capacitive proximity sensing system has been proven to be a probable solution for indoor localization, which senses the presence of a human body. Nevertheless, the requirements for installation are many, which make the integration costly. In this paper, a flexible and integrated solution is proposed that makes use of inexpensive, open source hardware, allowing indoor localization and fall detection. The bed monitoring system is made up of aluminum sheets sensor electrodes installed under the bed sheets to detect the sleeping patterns of the subject. An alarm system has been integrated into the room to enable the elderly to call for help during an emergency. Presence detector and light controlling device are installed on the floor surface to detect the mobility of the elderly and turn ON/OFF the room lights automatically. The proposed system allows elderly people to live independent living at homes with all amenities.

Keywords

Bed Occupancy Sensor, Capacitive Proximity Sensing, Elderly Monitoring, Independent Living, Indoor Monitoring System.

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