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Zinalibdin, Mohamad Raizul
- Characterization Using Instrumentation of Local Glue Related Glue Sniffing Activity
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Authors
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1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi of Malaysia 81310 Skudai, Johor, MY
1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi of Malaysia 81310 Skudai, Johor, MY
Source
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol 3, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 58-64Abstract
Abused class substances use as inhalant which includes volatile solvents is endemic worldwide. Nowadays, glue sniffing is like disease to children in primary and secondary school and this problem is shown by media like a "time bomb" for our future generation. Glue is easily available and cheaper than drugs and because of that, more teenagers is using it to get 'high'. Children who abuse glue early in life are more likely to use other illicit drugs. Later, the method of delivery is inhalation of a solvent from its container, a soaked rag, or a bag. In this study the volatile substance in glue will be determined using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Detector (GC-MSD) with headspace method. This study proved from the results obtain that toluene is the one of the major substance this confirmed by GC-MSD with head space method. FTIR analysis of glue showed that strong absorption peak of C = C (aromatic) bending at 700 cm-1 and 693.8 cm-1, confirm that toluene and benzenes exist in glue sample. Furthermore heavy metal atoms such as Cadmium, Chromium, Iron, Zinc, Titanium, Argentum and Sodium had been detected in all glue samples using ICPOES.Keywords
Glue, Gas Chromatography-mass Spectroscopy Detector, Inductively Coupled Plasma-optical Emission Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infra RedReferences
- Ucapan Y.Bhg Dato’ Abd. Hakim Bin Borhan Datuk Bandar Kuala Lumpur merangkap pengerusi penyelaras PEMADAM Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Sempena , “Majlis Perasmian Karnival Masyarakat Sinat dan Majlis Pelancaran Kempen Anti hidu Gam Peringkat Kebangsaan 2007”, “Ke arah Negara Merdeka Dadah”, 5 Ogos 2007.
- Barry Levine, AACC Press, “Principles of Forensic Toxicology Revised and Updated Second Edition” (2006). Part III, Analytes, Inhlants. 373-380.
- Arif, A.E.; and Navaratnam, V., eds. Abuse of Volatile Solvents and Inhalants: Papers Presented at a WHO Advisory Meeting. International Monograph Series No. 1. Penang, Malaysia: Drug Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1988. pp. 16-23.
- Sharifah, M.T.F. “Report on the Inhalant Abuse Problem in Sarawak, East Malaysia.” Paper presented at the Twelfth IFNGO Conference, Singapore, November 12-16, 1990.
- Jasmine S, “Powerless to act on glue sniffing” , New Straits Times, Monday, 6th June 2005.
- J Lalaa, Published Feb 13, Health and wellness, Drugs and Medication, Glue Sniffing Explained.
- Inhalant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.htm “Electrochemical behaviour of electrodeposited Ni-WC composite coatings”. Surface & Coatings Technology. Article in press.
- Carrie.E. Anderson, M.D. and Glenn A. Loomis, M.D, “Recognition and Prevention of Inhalant Abuse, St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers, Beech Grove, Indiana.
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- Spectrophotometry Semiquantitation Method Hippuric Acid in Urine for Demostration of Toluene Abuse
Abstract Views :192 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi of Malaysia 81310 Skudai, Johor, MY
1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi of Malaysia 81310 Skudai, Johor, MY
Source
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol 4, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 68-70Abstract
Toluene abuser as known as glue sniffer has been growth like drug abuser nowadays in Malaysia. Toluene can entered human body and metabolite in kidney to form benzoic acid which is then conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acid. The purpose of this research is to develop a fast and accurate screening method of toluene presence in urine sample of glue sniffer. However, urine is a complex mixture of thousand chemicals thus it is difficult to carry out qualitative analysis unless proper sample treatment and instrument with high sensitivity is applied. Urine samples were mixed with pyridine and benzenesulphonyl chloride with addition of distill water. The change color from yellow to red indicates the presence of hippuric acid in the urine samples. This technique was found successfully create a simple, fast and accurate screening method available. Quantitative analysis of toluene in urine samples was done using UV-Visible spectrometer at wavelength 417 nm and presented in this paper. The successfully of this research will be useful to help National Anti Drug Agency and Royal Police of Malaysia to overcome this problem.Keywords
Glue, Hippuric Acid, Benzoic Acid, Color Test, Ultra Violet VisibleReferences
- Hippuric Acid – Wikipedia the free encyclopedia.htm.
- Serap A.A, Pembe O, Yusuf K., Huseyin.K, Suheyla.E, “Medicolegal Aspects of Blood-Urine Toluene and Urinary Ortho-Cresol concentration in Toluene Exposure”. Journal Medical Science. 31: 415-419, 2001.
- Arif, A.E.; and Navaratnam, V., eds. Abuse of Volatile Solvents and Inhalants: Papers Presented at a WHO Advisory Meeting. International Monograph Series No. 1. Penang, Malaysia: Drug Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1988. pp. 16-23.
- Sharifah, M.T.F. “Report on the Inhalant Abuse Problem in Sarawak, East Malaysia.” Paper presented at the Twelfth IFNGO Conference, Singapore, November 12-16, 1990.
- Jasmine S, “Powerless to act on glue sniffing” , New Straits Times, Monday, 6th June 2005.
- Inhalant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.htm “Electrochemical behaviour of electrodeposited Ni-WC composite coatings”. Surface & Coatings Technology. Article in press.
- International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (1986). Chemical. Environmental Health Criteria 52: Toluene. WHO. Geneva.
- World Health Organisation (WHO) (2000). Air quality guidelines for Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 91. 2nd edition. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Copenhagen.
- Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and Environment Agency (EA) (2004). Contaminants in soil: Collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans. Toluene. R&D Publications TOX 14. Environment Agency. Bristol.
- Carrie.E. Anderson, M.D. and Glenn A. Loomis, M.D, “Recognition and Prevention of Inhalant Abuse, St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers, Beech Grove, Indiana.
- Yamazaki K, Tanaka E, Misawa S. Urinary ortho-cresol concentrations as an indicator of toluene inhalation in glue sniffer. Journal Forensic Science. 32: 215-223, 1992.
- Gaffney, G.W, Schreier. K, DiFerrante.N, Altman.K. The quantitative determination of hippuric Acid. Journal Biochemistry. 206: 695-698, 1954.
- Charles J. Umberger, Frank. F. Fiorese. Colorimetric method of hippuric acid. Journal of clinical chemistry. 72: 91-96. (1960).