Informatics Publishing Limited

S. K. Sanwal ¹, Major Singh ¹, B. Singh ¹, P. S. Naik ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi 221 305, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

Full Text

   

Ranjit Singh Gujjar ¹, Moin Akhtar ¹, Ashutosh Rai ², Major Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi 221 305, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN

Abstract

Many plant genes are regulated in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, heat and cold, and their gene products function in stress response and tolerance. The whole process of plant adaptation to these environmental stresses is controlled by orchestration of complex molecular networks. In the present study, eight genes showing significant difference of expression on exposure to artificial drought stress in tomato, were selected from the previously performed microarray experiment. Expression analysis of the genes was done semi-quantitatively as well as quantitatively under artificially imposed drought stress and the results were almost similar to those of microarray experiment. Tissue-specific analysis of the genes, performed on tolerant line, revealed fairly a similar pattern of expression in ischolar_main, stem and leaf with notable differences in flower, which experienced the least influence of drought. The results confirmed that SIPRP16, SICYP51-17, SIMCPI19 and SIGDSL20 were downregulated in both the lines with stronger downregulation in sensitive line. SIWRKY4 was downregulated in both the lines with more folds of downregulation in tolerant line. SIEFH12 and SISNF4-15 were upregulated in tolerant line. SlUSPA9 was upregulated in both the lines with relatively more folds of upregulation in sensitive line.

Keywords

Abiotic Stress, Drought, Gene Expression, Tomato, Transcription Factors.

Full Text

   

Major Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Akal Degree College, Mastuana, Sangrur, Punjab, IN

Abstract

During the years 1906-10 two men guided the British policy in India, John Morley Secretary of State for India and Viceroy Lord Minto. They co-operated in introducing constitutional changes which are known as 'Morley-Minto Reforms.' Morley knew that there was much unrest, discontent and sedition in India. Several millions died of famines and plague in the early years of the present century. The partition of Bangal (1905), followed by the Swadeshi Movement, had created serious disturbances within the Congress the extremists were demanding anti-British agitation. Morley and Minto decided to meet this critical situation by introducing constitutional changes which would secure for the government. Then followed the Indian Council Act, 1909 which introduced important constitutional changes. The size of the Central and Provincial Legislatures was increased. The number of additional members of the Governor-General's Council was now raised at the maximum to 60. The good effects of these provisions were largely nullified by the introduction of separate electorates which provided special privileges for the Muslims and widened the political gulf between them and Hindus. Provision was made for the creation of Executive Councils for the Lieutenant-Governors of the provinces. The introduction of Separate Electorates was a fulfillment of the commitment made by Minto to the Shimla Deputation and a statutory recognition of Muslim separatism. Thus the fundamental principle behind the Morley-Minto Reforms made no concession to the congress demand for self government within the British Empire.

Keywords

Minto Morley Reforms, Electorate, Punjab.

Full Text

     

S. M. Yadav ¹, Vineeta Singh ¹, Major Singh ², Laxman Prasad Balai ³, Ramesh Chand ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), IN
2 Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi (U.P.), IN
3 ICAR, CAZRI, KrishiVigyan Kendra, Pali (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

A trial was conducted during Rabi season 2011-2012 under field conditions for phenotyping of germplasm under natural conditions that have been developed for resistance against early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. Field studies showed significant variation among all tested germplasmlines with respect to early blight disease assessment. Under field conditions the natural disease severity was scored on a five-point scale (0-5).The per cent disease index (PDI) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) value were calculated on the basis of data recorded. The mean AUDPC value in resistant (206 lines); moderately resistant (223 lines); moderately susceptible (129 lines) and susceptible (143 lines) tomato lines ranged between 102.00 to 447.25; 447.26 to 792.50; 792.51 to 1137.75 and 1137.76 to 1483.00, respectively.

Keywords

Alternaria solani, Tomato, Natural Inoculums, Phenotyping, Resistant, AUDPC.

Full Text

     

Ranjit Singh Gujjar ¹, Suhas G. Karkute ¹, Ashutosh Rai ¹, Major Singh ¹, Bijendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi 221 305, IN

Abstract

Proline (Pro)-rich proteins (PRPs), initially identified as structural proteins of cell wall, have emerged as multifunctional plant proteins in recent past. Their vibrant role in plant development and environmental stress promoted us to study a SlPRP gene of tomato, which was significantly downregulated under drought stress in a microarray experiment performed in our laboratory. Promoter analysis of SlPRP revealed a number of stress-responsive protein-binding sites, confirming its expression in response to stress. Expression of SlPRP gene in different tissues of tomato, viz. ischolar_main, stem, leaf and flower was studied to analyse the gene expression pattern in response to drought stress. Further, we have correlated the expression of SlPRP gene with Pro levels of the respective plant tissues under drought stress. In anticipation, it has been observed that downregulation of SlPRP gene is coupled with simultaneous increase in cellular Pro concentration in all the tissues under drought stress, except the ischolar_mains. This could help preserve the available cellular proline to function as osmoprotectant during stress. The present results propose a hypothesis where PRPs may regulate free cellular proline levels during drought stress by regulating their own gene expression. Thus, it may be concluded that transcription of PRPs in plants is synchronized with the cellular Pro concentration under environmental stress in order to provide drought tolerance to plants.

Keywords

Drought Stress, Gene Expression, Prolinerich Proteins, Tomato.

Full Text

   

V. Karuppaiah ¹, S. J. Gawande ², H. R. Sardana ¹, M. N. Bhat ², Major Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune (M.S.), IN
2 ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Growing bulb onion over the years have direct impact on socio-economic status of farmers of village Wadgaon Sahani of Pune district of Maharashtra. The round the year cultivation of onion in this village resulted into complex of insect pest problem. Pest like onion thrips and diseases such as stemphylium and purple blotch are the major issues of economic concern in onion productivity and causing significant yield losses. Under severe infestation and occurrence of pest and disease, the bulb yield can be reduced upto 50 per cent production. Over use and calendar based application of chemical insecticides were the key tactic adopted to manage various pest and diseases in this village. Round the year production, improved agronomic practices, imbalance fertilizer application and lack of crop rotation practices have aggravated pests and disease problem in onion. In such situation adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies become critical to sustain the productivity in an eco-friendly way. Available crop protection technologies for onion was integrated and a comprehensive IPM package was formulated. In the designed package much importance was given for pest monitoring integrated with cultural manipulation, use of bio-agents, natural enemies conservation and ETL based control action for sustainable production of onion was promoted and validated over 10 acres under farmers field condition at Wadgaon Sahani village, a main onion growing belt of Pune district of Maharashtra state.

Full Text

     

A. Thangasamy ¹, Pranjali A. Gedam ¹, P. S. Soumia ¹, Sourav Ghosh ¹, V. Karuppaiah ¹, Vijay Mahajan ¹, Major Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Soil Science Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune 410 505, IN

Abstract

Four-year field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of interannual rainfall variability and distribution on the plant growth parameters and yield five kharif onion cultivars, viz. Bhima Super, Bhima Dark Red, Agrifound Dark Red, Arka Kalyan and Phule Samarth. Each cultivar was replicated six times. The plant growth parameters and yield were recorded during the plant growth period. The results showed that rainfall received 30–60 days after transplanting substantially and negatively affected the plant growth parameters and bulb yield of all the cultivars during the high-rainfall years while increasing onion bulb rotting losses. Bhima Super and Bhima Dark Red produced significantly higher marketable bulb yields throughout the experimental period. Hence these two cultivars can be successfully cultivated during the kharif season. However, they produced 44.5–63.6% lower yield during the high-rainfall than the low-rainfall years. This indicates that the yield of kharif onion cultivars could be further increased through improved management practices.

Keywords

Bulb Yield, Kharif Onion Cultivars, Leaf Area Index, Plant Growth Period, Rainfall Intensity.

Full Text