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P. S. Raju ¹, R. V. Raghavan ¹, E. Umadevi ¹, D. Shashidar ¹, A. N. S. Sarma ¹, D. Gurunath ¹, H. V. S. Satyanarayana ¹, T. Sagara Rao ¹, R. T. Babu Naik ¹, N. Purnachandra Rao ¹, M. D. Kamuruddin ¹, U. Gowri Shankar ¹, N. K. Gogi ¹, B. C. Baruah ¹, N. K. Bora ¹, M. Kousalya ¹, M. Sekhar ¹, V. P. Dimri ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 560 007, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Sunkaraboina Sreenu ¹, M. Sekhar ², S. Srikanth ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College for Women, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

In this paper, simple techniques are been proposed and investigated successfully to overcome the basic limitations of gain, bandwidth for a microstrip antenna and mutual coupling for a microstrip antenna array. A meandered E shape patch antenna with a air cavity is proposed to enhance gain and bandwidth. To reduce mutual coupling an Electromagnetic band gap structure has been proposed. Coax feed has been used for excitation. The meandered patch provides band width enhancement and the air cavity along with a thick aluminum ground plane combindly provided gain enhancement. E shaped patch has been formed by considering a basic rectangular patch and by etching slots at the edge of the patch. The simulated results show a bandwidth of 89MHz ranging from 1.30GHz to 1.39GHz with a maximum gain of 8.37dB at the operating frequency of 1.35GHz. The antenna has been designed over a RT Duroid 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 62mil. Antenna Design and simulation studies are carried out in Ansys HFSS software.

Keywords

Air Cavity, Coax Feed, Meandered Patch.

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D. Srinagesh ¹, Prantik Mandal ¹, R. Vijaya Raghavan ¹, Sandeep Gupta ¹, G. Suresh ¹, D. Srinivas ¹, Satish Saha ¹, M. Sekhar ¹, K. Sivaram ¹, Sudesh Kumar ¹, P. Solomon Raju ¹, A. N. S. Sarma ¹, Y. V. V. S. B. Murthy ¹, N. K. Borah ¹, B. Naresh ¹, B. N. V. Prasad ¹, V. M. Tiwari ¹

Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, IN

Abstract

According to the Gutenberg–Richter law¹, at least one earthquake of magnitude greater than 7 occurs every month along the seismically active belts in the world. Earthquakes are the manifestation of fault slip at depths, thus, there is no direct method to measure or observe them. However, seismometers can record ground velocity or acceleration caused by the occurrence of an earthquake when a fault slip occurs at depth. Therefore, setting up a seismic network is inevitable to understand the physics of earthquake processes, thereby, mitigating earthquake hazard.

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Paras R. Pujari ¹, V. Jain ², V. Singh ³, K. Sreelash ⁴, S. Dhyani ¹, M. Nema ⁵, P. Verma ¹, R. Kumar ¹, S. Jain ⁵, M. Sekhar ⁶

Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382 355, IN
3 Department of Geology, Delhi University, New Delhi 110 007, IN
4 National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, IN
5 National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247 667, IN
6 Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560012, IN

Abstract

In the era of Anthropocene, characterized by a dramatic increase in anthropogenic pressure, global changes are challenging the capacity of planet Earth to sustain the development of human societies in the long term. In the past two decades, this concern has fostered worldwide efforts to develop integrated studies of the ‘critical zone’ (CZ), the outer skin of the Earth, extending from the canopy top to the bottom of the aquifer, hosting the continental biosphere and providing basic human needs such as water, food, energy and ecosystem services¹ . Environmental processes within the CZ, such as energy and mass exchange, formation of soil, streamflow and evolution of landscape are critical to sustain biodiversity as well as humanity ^2,3 . However, with rapid socio-economic development, the CZ is subjected to increasing stress from anthropogenic forcings such as the growth in human and livestock populations, increase in land use, global environmental changes, and expanding consumption patterns⁴ . The expanding needs for sustainable development call for understanding, predicting and managing the complexity as well as dynamics within the CZ and to study its feedback with other compartments of the environmental systems^5,6 . The main challenge faced by the CZ research is to integrate effectively the multiple disciplines at stake, from geosciences, biological sciences, ecology, hydrology, soil science to social sciences, working within a wide range of temporal and spatial scales^7,8 . The interdisciplinary and multiscale study of terrestrial ecosystem processes can be best addressed by critical zone observatories (CZOs), where domain experts across different disciplines study various aspects of the CZ. This will lead to holistic understanding of complex systems 8 .

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