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M. S. Bagul , M. N. Ravishankara , Harish Padh , M. Rajani

Abstract

Objective : To carry out phytochemical analysis of Bergenia ciliata forma ligulata rhizome and to evaluate its free radical scavenging properties. Materials and methods : Preliminary phytochemical analysis, estimation of total phenolic content, development of fingerprint profiles and estimation of gallic acid by HPTLC method were carried out as a part of phytochemical evaluation of Bergenia ciliata forma ligulata rhizome. Further, the free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using three in vitro models. Results : Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenols, tannins, flavonoids and sterols. Total phenolic content was found to be 5.78% (w/w). The solvent system developed for fingerprint profile and gallic acid estimation gave good separation of gallic acid from the other components of the extract. The HPTLC method for gallic acid estimation was validated in terms of instrumental precision, accuracy and repeatability. The amount of gallic acid in the rhizome of B. ciliata forma ligulata was found to be 1.54% (w/w, dwb). The methanolic extract was found to be a good scavenger of DPPH radical with an EC₅₀ of 36.24 μg/ml. The extract scavenged superoxide radical in a dose dependent manner with EC₅₀ of 106.48 μg/ml. Conclusion : Phytochemical evaluation was carried out for Bergenia ciliata forma ligulata, and a sensitive HPTLC method was developed for the estimation of gallic acid as a marker compound. This developed method can be adopted for the estimation of gallic acid from various herbal drugs and formulations. Further, the methanolic extract of B. ciliata forma ligulata rhizome was found to scavenge DPPH and superoxide radicals in the models tested.

Keywords

Bergenia ciliata Forma ligulata, Gallic Acid, HPTLC, Antioxidant Activity

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A. M. Ghoghari , M. S. Bagul , S. Anandjiwala , M. G. Chauhan , M. Rajani

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Aspidium cicutarium rhizome. Materials and methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis, estimation of total phenolic content and total tannin content was carried out as a part of phytochemical evaluation of Aspidium cicutarium rhizome. Free radical scavenging activity was studied using two in vitro models viz., DPPH assay and superoxide scavenging assay. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenols, tannins, flavonoids and sterols. Total phenolics and total tannin content was found to be 17.35% (w/w) and 7.98 % (w/w) respectively. Methanolic extract of A. cicutarium rhizome showed concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity comparable to that of the positive controls pyrogallol and ascorbic acid in the respective models. EC₅₀ was found to be 30.63 μg/ml and 85.19 μg/ml in DPPH assay and superoxide scavenging assay respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that methanolic extract of Aspidium cicutarium rhizome exhibited good free radical scavenging activity.

Keywords

Aspidium cicutarium, Free Radical Scavenging Activity, DPPH Assay, Superoxide Scavenging Assay

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Milind S. Bagul , M. Rajani

Abstract

Objective: Phytochemical evaluation of an ayurvedic formulation Phalatrikadi kvatha churna and establishment of multiple marker based methods for its standardization using marker compounds/biomarkers viz. picroside-I, gallic acid and ellagic acid. Materials and methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis, development of fingerprint profiles and estimation of picroside - I, gallic acid and ellagic acid from the authentic sample and two market samples of the formulation. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenols, tannins, flavonoids and sterols. The solvent systems developed for establishing fingerprint profiles and picroside-I, gallic acid, and ellagic acid gave good resolution of these compounds from the other components of the extract. The HPTLC methods developed for the estimation of marker compounds were validated in terms of instrumental precision, accuracy and repeatability. Picroside-I content of the authentic sample was found to be 0.16 %, whereas the two market samples contained very less picroside-I (~0.038%). The amount of gallic acid in the authentic sample was found to be 0.78%, while the other two market samples contained only about half the amount. The amount of ellagic acid in the authentic sample was found to be 0.12%, while the market samples contained 0.085% and 0.065% of free ellagic acid respectively. Conclusion: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of Phalatrikadi kvatha churna was carried out for multimarker based standardization using picroside-I, gallic acid, and ellagic acid by HPTLC. The TLC fingerprint profiles and TLC densitometric methods for the quantification of different markers can be used in the quality control of the formulation. The TLC densitometric methods developed can also be adopted for the quantification of these marker compounds in other preparations as well.

Keywords

Phalatrikadi kvatha churna, Picroside-I, Gallic Acid, Ellagic Acid, HPTLC

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K. Niranjan , M. N. Ravishankara , H. Padh , M. Rajani

Abstract

Objective: To develop a spectrophotometric method for the estimation of total alkaloids in the stem bark, seed and formulations of Holarrhena antidysenterica. Materials and methods: A spectrophotometric method based on the formation of coloured complex between tropaeolin 'OO' reagent and alkaloids. Results: The developed method shows good accuracy and reproducibility. Conclusion: The method developed is simple, precise and accurate and can be adopted for the routine quality control purposes.

Keywords

Holarrhena antidysenterica, Conessine, Spectrophotometric Method

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Sheetal Anandjiwala , Milind S. Bagul , H. Srinivasa , Jyoti Kalola , M. Rajani

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of stem bark of Thespesia populnea. Materials and Method: Antioxidant activity of T. populnea stem bark was studied in four in vitro / ex vivo models, viz., DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide scavenging activity, reducing power assay and lipid peroxidation. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of high amount of phenolics, tannins and flavonoids. Subsequent quantification by Folin Ciocalteau method showed the presence of high amount of total phenolics (10.11 % w/w, calculated as gallic acid). Methanolic extract of stem bark of T. populnea showed a very good DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ of 12.08 μg) and superoxide scavenging activity (EC₅₀ of 73.53 μg) in a dose dependent manner. The reduction ability of the extract, (Fe³⁺ to Fe2+ transformation) was found to increase with increasing concentrations where a maximum absorbance of 1.012 was obtained at a concentration of 300 μg. It also inhibited lipid peroxidation in a dose dependent manner with an EC₅₀ of 20.76 μg, which was comparable to α-tocopherol (EC₅₀ of 27.35 μg). Conclusion: The methanolic extract of the stem bark of T. populnea showed very good free radical scavenging activity, including inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reducing power.

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