A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Rajajeyakumar, M.
- Immediate Effect of Different Pranayam on Short Term Heart Rate Variability in Health Care Students - A Preliminary Study
Authors
1 Department of Physiology, Chennai Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Trichy, IN
2 Department of Physiology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital Pondicherry, IN
3 Department of Physiology, JIPMER), Pondicherry, IN
4 Department of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Centre, Pondicherry, IN
5 Department of ACYTER (JIPMER), Pondicherry, IN
6 CYTER, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Centre Pondicherry, IN
Source
International Journal of Physiology, Vol 2, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 39-43Abstract
Introduction: Yoga produces consistent physiological changes and have sound scientific basis. Heart rate variability (HRV) has come to be widely used as a non-invasive tool to assess autonomic function in physiological as well as disease states. In view of this, the present study was aimed to study the effect of suryanadi(SNP) and chandranadi pranayams(CNP) on HRV in healthy young volunteers.
Methodology: 11male volunteers aged between 20-30yrs were assigned to a sequence randomly. Each volunteer was taught both SNP and CNP by trained yoga teacher and made to practice under direct supervision between 4-6.30 pm in ACYTER lab, JIPMER. HRV was recorded by using BIOHARNESS AcqKnowledge 4.1 version and analyzed by Kubios HRV 2.00 software. Basal resting parameters and HRV were recorded for 5 minutes after that SNP was performed in six cycles per minute for 5 minutes followed by 5 min rest. Three such sessions (before, during and after) HRV were recorded. The same procedure and recording ware followed for CNP.
Results: The time domain analysis of SNP revealed an increased heart rate with a decreased RMSSD, However the SDNN was increased. Frequency domain analysis, increased LF power and decreased HF power and LF/HF ratio increased after the intervention. In CNP, the time domain analysis, showed decreased heart rate and an increased pNN50. The frequency domain analysis revealed an increased HF power with decreased LF/HF ratio.
Discussion: SNP increase the sympathetic activity and CNP increases the parasympathetic activity and these can be appropriately advocated in many chronic cardiovascular diseases where the autonomic imbalance is one of the primary derangements.
Keywords
Suryanadi Pranayam, Chandranadi Pranayam , Heart Rate Variability- Evaluation of Peripheral and Central Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients by Using Somatosensory Evoked Potential
Authors
1 Department of Physiology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Physiology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, IN
3 Department of Neurology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, IN
4 Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Trichy, IN
Source
International Journal of Physiology, Vol 2, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 50-53Abstract
Introduction: In recent days, central nervous system is most commonly affected by complication of diabetes mellitus and it could be determined by Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP). This is a non invasive tool to diagnose the degree of peripheral and central nervous system involvement. So in view of this the present study is conducted to evaluate peripheral and central neuropathy in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus by using SSEP.
Method: Forty patients(40) with type 2 Diabetes mellitus(DM) of 8 to 12 years duration in 40 to 60 years age group including both gender were taken as a study group (Group 1).They were selected from diabetic out patient in Thanjavur medical college hospital, and compared with control group (Group 2) who were normal subjects and was age and sex matched. All groups were subjected to physical examination and laboratory investigations including Fasting blood glucose, renal functions in addition to SSEP. Cervical N13, cortical N20 latencies and central conduction time (N20- N13) was evaluated using median SSEP and compared between the study group and control group and statistically analyzed.
Result: Somatosensory evoked potential of (median) cervical N13, cortical N20 latencies and central conduction time (N20- N13) were prolonged in the study group compared to control group and the difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Our study shows that both Peripheral and cortical latencies of SSEP were evaluated and observed. Prolonged latencies suggest the existence of peripheral and central neuropathy in type 2 DM.
Keywords
Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Central Conduction Time (CCT)- Mind Mapping Applied as a Pedagogical Tool for MBBS Students
Authors
1 Department of Physiology, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, IN
2 The Oxford Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, IN
3 Department of Physiology, Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre (Affiliated by The Tamilnadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Chennai), IN
Source
International Journal of Physiology, Vol 8, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 91-96Abstract
Background: To assess efficacy of mind mapping technique in lecture classes versus traditional didactic lectures on immediate and long-term memory.
Materials & Method: 150 First MBBS students, randomized into two groups (75 each), by simple random technique (odd roll number-group 1, even roll number-group 2). Study group (Mind mapping group) Control Group (didactic lecture /non mind mapping group).Batches reversed for another topic to address ethical issues.MCQ test was taken after class for short term memory, after a month for long term memory.
Results: Descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t test and independent t test) was used to compare the data. P value of Mind Mapping group when compared to Non Mind Mapping group in terms of both short term and long term memory was highly significant (p< 0.0001) for both topic 1 and 2. P value was not statistically significant when short term and long term memory of mind mapping group was compared. But highly significant p value (p< 0.0001) was observed when short term and long term memory of Non Mind Mapping group was compared.
Conclusion: The performance of Mind Map Group is better than the Non Mind Map Group both in terms of short term and long term memory.
Mind mapping used as a pedagogical tool can improve the academic scores of students.
Keywords
Didactic Lectures, Mind Map, MBBS Course, Pedagogical Tool, Physiology Examinations Reproducibility of Concepts.References
- Farrand P, Hussain F, Hennessy E. The efficacy of the mind map’ study technique. Medical education. 2002 May;36(5):426-31.
- Jain S. The comprehensive study of how mind mapping technique helps to understand concepts and ideas in science teaching. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2015 Dec;5(12):284-6.
- Jones BD, Ruff C, Snyder JD, Petrich B, Koonce C. The effects of mind mapping activities on students’ motivation. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. 2012;6(1).
- Goodnough K, Woods R. Student and Teacher Perceptions of Mind Mapping: A Middle School Case Study. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, April 1-5,2002).
- I mind Super User Account 3 Psychology Research Studies Regarding Mind Mapping (internet)( Accessed on Wednesday, December 20, 2017). Available from https://www.imindq.com/blog/3-psychology-research-studies-regarding-mind-mapping#
- Impact of Sequential Practice of Kaphalabhati and Nadi Shodhana Pranayama on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Volunteers
Authors
1 Department of Yoga, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai - 600106, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Yoga and Naturopathy Department, Southern Railway Headquarters Hospital, Chennai - 600023, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Yoga and Naturopathy Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chennai - 600008, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Independent Researcher, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,, IN
5 Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai - 602105, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 23, No 2 (2023), Pagination: 415-421Abstract
Background: Pranayama or breath technique is considered as an important component of yoga, which influence wide range of physiological and psychological functions. Practice of Kaphalabhati (KB) and Nadi Shodhana Pranayama (NSP) are known breathing techniques to influence the autonomic functions. The sequential practice of KB and NSP has not been assessed. In this Context, we assessed the immediate effect of combined practice of KB and NSP on autonomic variables in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A prospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and recruited 28 healthy participants who admitted in SDM Nature cure and Yoga hospital, Dharmasthala for the positive promotion of the health/general well-being. All participants were practiced KB 60 strokes/min for 5 rounds followed by NSP 1:1 ratio, 5 seconds inhalation and 5 seconds exhalation without any retention for 12 rounds. The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was assessed through MP150 data acquisition system and blood pressure was recorded by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. We assessed the BP, Heart Rate (HR), Short term HRV at baseline and immediately after the practice. Results: The mean age (SD) of the participants was 33.29 (6.9). The study showed significant decrease in Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and RMSSD. There were borderline changes in the time domain measures (Mean R-R, NN50, pNN50) and reduction in the frequency domain of the HRV (LF, HF, LF/HF). However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Immediate effect of sequential practice of KB and NSP in healthy volunteers showed positive effect in reduction of SBP, DBP and RMSSD. It can be included in the routine clinical practice for better outcome in the cardiovascular parameters and for the general well-being. Further studies are requisite to give insight in the underlying mechanism.Keywords
Autonomic Balance, Blood Pressure, Breathing Techniques, Cardiovascular Function, YogaReferences
- Michaelis E. A history of modern yoga: Patanjali and Western Esotericism. London,UK: Continuum International Publishing Group; 2005.
- Iyengar BKS. Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika. New York: Schocken Books; 1979.
- Clarke TC, Barnes PM, Black LI, Stussman BJ NR. Use of yoga, meditation, and chiropractors among U.S. adults aged 18 and over. Natl Cent Heal Stat. 2018; 325.
- Jeter PE, Slutsky J, Singh N, Khalsa SBS. Yoga as a therapeutic intervention: A bibliometric analysis of published research studies from 1967 to 2013. J Altern Complement Med Mary Ann Liebert Inc. 2015; 21:586-92. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0057
- Sengupta P. Health impacts of yoga and pranayama: A state-of-the-art review. Int J Prev Med Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications. 2012; 3:444-58.
- Van Dixhoorn J. Cardiorespiratory effects of breathing and relaxation instruction in myocardial infarction patients. Biol Psychol Biol Psychol. 1998; 49:123-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0511(98)00031-3
- Bhagat OL, Kharya C, Jaryal A, Deepak KK. Acute effects on cardiovascular oscillations during controlled slow yogic breathing. Indian J Med Res Indian Council of Medical Research. 2017; 145:503-12.
- Sztajzel J. Heart rate variability: A noninvasive electrocardiographic method to measure the autonomic nervous system. National Library of Med. 2004; 134(35-36):514-22. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2004.10321
- Alvares GA, Quintana DS, Kemp AH, Balleine BW, Hickie IB, et al. Reduced heart rate variability in social anxiety disorder: Associations with gender and symptom severity. PLoS One. 2013; 8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070468
- Telles S, Yadav A, Kumar N, Sharma S, Visweshwaraiah NK, Balkrishna A. Blood pressure and Purdue pegboard scores in individuals with hypertension after alternate nostril breathing, breath awareness, and no intervention. Med Sci Monit. 2013; 19:61-6. https:// doi.org/10.12659/MSM.883743
- Saoji AA, Raghavendra BR, Manjunath NK. Effects of yogic breath regulation: A narrative review of scientific evidence [Internet]. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. Elsevier B.V. 2019; 10:50-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.07.008
- Stancák A, Kuna M, Srinivasan, Vishnudevananda S, Dostálek C. Kapalabhati--yogic cleansing exercise. I. Cardiovascular and respiratory changes. Homeost Health Dis Homeost Health Dis. 1991; 33:126-34.
- Telles S, Singh N, Balkrishna A. Heart rate variability changes during high frequency yoga breathingand breath awareness. Biopsychosoc Med BioMed Central. 2011; 5:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-5-4
- Raghuraj P, Ramakrishnan AG, Nagendra HR TS. Effect of two selected yogic breathing techniques of heart rate variability. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998; 42:467-72.
- Telles S, Sharma SK, Balkrishna A. Blood pressure and heart rate variability during yoga-based alternate nostril breathing practice and breath awareness. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2014; 20:184-93. https://doi. org/10.12659/MSMBR.892063
- Kalaivani S, Kumari MJ, Pal G. Effect of alternate nostril breathing exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, and rate pressure product among patients with hypertension in JIPMER, Puducherry. J Educ Health Promot Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. 2019; 8. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_32_19
- Amandeep K, Preksha M. Applications SD-IJ of T, 2015 undefined. Effectiveness of abdominal breathing exercise on blood pressure among hypertensive patients. 2015.
- Tarvainen MP, Niskanen JP, Lipponen JA, Rantaaho PO, Karjalainen PA. Kubios HRV - Heart rate variability analysis software. Comput Methods Programs Biomed Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2014; 113:210-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.07.024
- Berntson GG, Thomas Bigger J, Eckberg DL, Grossman P, Kaufmann PG, Malik M, et al. Heart rate variability: Origins methods, and interpretive caveats [Internet]. Psychophysiology. Blackwell Publishing Inc. 1997; 34:623-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x
- Thayer JF, Åhs F, Fredrikson M, Sollers JJ, Wager TD. A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. Pergamon. 2012; 36:747-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009
- Thayer JF, Hansen AL, Saus-Rose E, Johnsen BH. Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: The neurovisceral integration perspective on self-regulation, adaptation, and health [Internet]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2009; 37:141-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9101-z
- Supplements GH-E Heart Journal, 1999 undefined. Reappraisal of heart rate as a risk factor in the general population. Oxford Univ Press. 1999.
- Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J. 1996; 17:354-81.
- Rajendra Acharya U, Suri JS, Spaan JAE, Krishnan SM. Advances in cardiac signal processing. Advances in Cardiac Signal Processing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2007; 1-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36675-1
- Stancák A Jr, Kuna M, Srinivasan, Vishnudevananda S DC. Kapalabhati--yogic cleansing exercise. I. Cardiovascular and respiratory changes. Homeost Heal Dis. 1991; 33:126-34.
- Telles S, Singh N, Balkrishna A. Heart rate variability changes during high frequency yoga breathingand breath awareness. Biopsychosoc Med BioMed Central. 2011; 5:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-5-4
- Rajajeyakumar M, Amudharaj D, Bandi harikrishna, Madanmohan T, Jeyasettiseloune BA. Immediate effect of different pranayam on short term heart rate variability in health care students- A preliminary study. Int J Physiol. 2014; 2:39-43. https://doi. org/10.5958/j.2320-608X.2.1.009
- Shirley A, Bcf T, Yadav A, Kumar N, Sachin B, Adf S, et al. Blood pressure and purdue pegboard scores in individuals with hypertension after alternate nostril breathing, breath awareness, and no intervention. Med Sci Monit. 2013.
- Shannahoff-Khalsa DS. Lateralized rhythms of the central and autonomic nervous systems. Int J Neurosci. 1991; 11:222-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(91)90017-R
- Raghuraj P, Ramakrishnan AG, Nagendra HR, Telles S. Effect of two selected yogic breathing techniques of heart rate variability. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998; 42:467-72.
- Ghiya S, Lee CM. Influence of alternate nostril breathing on heart rate variability in non-practitioners of yogic breathing. Int J Yoga. 2012; 5:66-9. https://doi. org/10.4103/0973-6131.91717
- Srivastava RD, Jain N, Singhal A. Influence of alternate nostril breathing on cardiorespiratory and autonomic functions in healthy young adults. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005; 49:475-83.
- Subramanian RK, Devaki PR, Saikumar P. Alternate nostril breathing at different rates and its influence on heart rate variability in non practitioners of yoga. J Clin Diagnostic Res JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited. 2016; 10:CM01. https:// doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/15287.7094
- Hadase M, Azuma A, Zen K, Asada S, Kawasaki T, Kamitani T, et al. Very low frequency power of heart rate variability is a powerful predictor of clinical prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. Circ J Circ J. 2004; 68:343-7. https://doi.org/10.1253/ circj.68.343
- Parati G, Saul JP, Di Rienzo M, Mancia G. Spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variability in evaluating cardiovascular regulation: A critical appraisal. Hypertension Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 1995; 25:1276-86. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.25.6.1276
- Bernardi L, Valle F, Coco M, Calciati A, Sleight P. Physical activity influences heart rate variability and very-low-frequency components in Holter electrocardiograms. Cardiovasc Res Cardiovasc Res. 1996; 32:234-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6363(96)00081-8