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Mohan, M.

• Anti-inflammatory Activity of Heartwood Extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniceae)

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Authors

C. R. Pawar , V. S. Gulecha , M. Mohan , V. S. Kasture , S. C. Pal

Source

Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 8, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 72-75

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the Anti-inflammatory Activity of methanolic and petroleum ether extracts of heartwood of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Method: Anti-inflammatory Activity of methanolic and petroleum ether extracts of heartwood of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (30, 100, 300 mg/kg, p.o.) was studied in rats using Carrageenan induced hind paw edema method. Result: Both methanolic and petroleum ether extracts showed maximum anti-inflammatory effect when compared with control group. From these methanol extract (30, 100, 300 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited Carrageenan induced hind paw edema. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of heartwood of Caesalpinia pulcherrima contain bioactive principles, which possess anti-inflammatory activity.

Keywords

Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Anti-inflammatory Activity, Carrageenan

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• Effect of Vitis vinifera on Memory and Behaviour Mediated by Monoamines

Abstract Views :485  |  PDF Views:641

Authors

V. D. Kakad , M. Mohan , V. S. Kasture , S. B. Kasture

Source

Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 8, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 164-172

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of methanolic extract of Vitis vinifera (VVE) and methanolic fraction (MF) of methanolic extract on memory and behaviour mediated by monoamines. Methods: The effect of VVE and MF on memory was studied using Passive shock avoidance paradigm, Elevated plus maze (EPM) paradigm and Object recognition test. The effect of extract on clonidine induced hypothermia, lithium induced head twitches, haloperidol induced catalepsy and sodium nitrite induced hypoxia was observed to study the behaviour mediated by noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine and Acetylcholine respectively. Scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg) was used to induce cognitive dysfunction. Piracetam (100 mg/kg) served as a standard nootropic drug. Results: Methanolic fraction (MF) of extract significantly (P<0.05) reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. The VVE and MF exhibited significant (P<0.05) nootropic activity in all three models of memory. VVE and MF decreased lithium induced head twitches, modified haloperidol induced catalepsy and decreased percentage mortality induced by sodium nitrite. However, clonidine induced hypothermia was not modified. Conclusion: Thus, the raisins of Vitis vinifera contain bio-active principle(s) which possess prominent nootropic activity. It also modified 5-HT, DA and Ach mediated behaviour.

Keywords

Vitis vinifera, Nootropic, Noradrenaline, Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylcholine

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• NootropiC and Anxiolytic Activity of Fenugreek Seeds

Abstract Views :535  |  PDF Views:373

Authors

M. Mohan , A. Banekar , T. Birdi , P. Bharambe , S. Kaul , A. Patel

Source

Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 6, No 2 (2006), Pagination: 153-156

Abstract

Objective: To study the nootropic and anxiolytic activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) seeds. Methods: Acetone soluble fraction (ASF) of methanol extract (ME) of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) seeds was assessed for its nootropic and anxiolytic activities. ASF (100,200 and 400 mg/kg) administered intra-peritoneally exhibited nootropic and anxiolytic activity in Passive shock avoidance paradigm and elevated plus maze (EPM) paradigm respectively. Scopolamine (1mg/kg ) was used to induce cognitive dysfunction. Mentat (100 mg/kg) and Diazepam (1 mg/kg) served as standard nootropic and anxiolytic drugs respectively. Results: In Passive shock avoidance paradigm, ASF (100,200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the number of mistakes and increased the time spent in shock free zone compared to vehicle treated group. ASF (400 mg/kg) significantly reversed the effects of Scopolamine(1 mg/ kg). In Elevated plus maze ASF 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) increased the time spent in open arms and the entries in open arms Conclusion: Thus, the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum contain bio-active principle(s) which possess nootropic and anxiolytic activity.

Keywords

Anxiolytic, Trigonella Foenum-graecum, Nootropic

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• Nootropic Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaves

Abstract Views :691  |  PDF Views:493

Authors

M. Mohan , N. Kaul , A. Punekar , R. Girnar , P. Junnare , L. Patil

Source

Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 5, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 59-62

Abstract

Objective: To study the nootropic activity of leaves of Moringa oleifera. Methods: Toluene-ethylacetate fraction of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MOE) leaves was assessed for its nootropic activity using passive shock avoidance paradigm and elevated plus maze. MOE ( 50 and 100 mg/kg ) was compared with Piracetam (100 mg/kg ). Scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was used to induce cognitive dysfunction. The extract was also studied for its effect on gross behaviour. Results: MOE (50 and 100 mg/kg ) significantly decreased Transfer Latency(TL) on Day 2. The extract reduced the latency to reach the SFZ and the number of mistakes. No adverse effects were observed upto a dose of 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: Thus the leaves of Moringa oleifera possess a potential for exploring the nootropic principle.

Keywords

Nootropic, Moringa oleifera, Passive Avoidance, Plus Maze

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• Efficacy of Safer Management Tools against Major Insect Pests of Tomato and Garden Pea in North,vest Himalayas

Abstract Views :246  |  PDF Views:110

Authors

S. N. Sushil ¹, M. Mohan ¹, K. S. Hooda ¹, J. C. Bhatt ¹, H. S. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture (ICAR) Almora 263 601, Uttaranchal, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 20, No 2 (2006), Pagination: 113-118

Abstract

Safer management tools against major insect pests of tomato and garden pea have been evaluated for the first time in Kumaon hills of northwest Himlilayas. In tomato, four releases of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii @ 50,000 insects/ha/release at an interval of 10 days from flowering initiation stage against fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and in garden pea, BSKE (Batain (Chinaberry, Melia azedarach) Seed Kernel Extract) (10 %) against pod borers, H. armigera and Lampides boeticus were found most promising. Planting a row of marigold after 10 rows of tomato, application of BSKE. azadirachtin (0.03%), HaNPV @250 LE/ha, Bacillus thuringiensis @ 1 kg/ha endosulfan (0.07%) have also significantly reduced the major insect pests of tomato and garden pea over control.

Keywords

Garden Pea, Hill Agriculture, Helicoverpa armigera, Liriomyza trifolia, Lampides boeticus, Phytomyza horticola, Tomato, Trichogramma chilonis.

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• The New Invasive Pest Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in India and its Natural Enemies along with Evaluation of Trichogrammatids for its Biological Control

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Authors

Chandish R. Ballal ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, M. Mohan ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, Abraham Verghese ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 110, No 11 (2016), Pagination: 2155-2159

Abstract

The South American tomato moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating pest of tomato. In the present study Tuta-adapted strains of Trichogramma were evaluated. Amongst the three species, Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja could parasitise T. absoluta eggs and the parasitism rates were 5.0%, 51.1% and 68.2% respectively. Adults emerged from the parasitized T. absoluta eggs (4.8%, 97.5% and 90.0% adult emergence respectively). The F1 generation adults of T. pretiosum could parasitise 29% of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton eggs, while the other two species were not successful in parasitizing. In addition, four 'hymenopteran' parasitoids, viz. T. achaeae, Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), Habrobracon sp. and Goniozus sp. were also observed to be associated with T. absoluta in the fields during the surveys undertaken in southern India.

Keywords

Invasive Pest, India, Natural Enemies, Tuta absoluta.

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• Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Headache Patients:Major Concern for Community Mental Health

Abstract Views :282  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

N. Sharma ¹, A. Gupta ¹, P. Puri ¹, M. Mohan ¹, A. Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, IN
2 Walmart Labs, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 7, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 45-47

Abstract

Many evidences support the anxiety-headache-depression syndrome as a distinct disorder, and also its association with psychiatric illness. This study highlights the importance of prospective research for studying the developmental course and consequences of headache syndromes. The relevant information for the sample of 100 patients was recorded on a Performa designed for this purpose comprising of socio-demographic variables like age, gender and triggering factors. The correlation-coefficient indicated a significant positive relationship between the anxiety and depression in chronic headache patients. These findings implicate high prevalence of anxiety and depression in the general population, and indicate an association between headache and psychological disorders. Also, various psychotherapies should be applied to the headache patients so as to treat them right at the onset level of anxiety and depression.

Keywords

Anxiety, Chronic Headache, Depression, HAM-A, HRSD.

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• Cautionary Note on the Presence of Homalotylus turkmenicus Myartseva (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in the Colonies of Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Southern India

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Authors

Ankita Gupta ¹, M. Mohan ², M. Sampathkumar ³, A. N. Shylesha ³, S. R. Venkatachalam ⁴, N. Bakthavatsalam ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Germplasm collection and characterization, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
4 TCRS, TNAU, Yethapur - 636 117, Tamil Nadu

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 34, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 158-160

Abstract

High percentage of Homalotylus turkmenicus Myartseva (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predating on the colonies of the Cassava Mealybug (CMB) Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is observed in southern India. In the present study, cautionary note on the presence of H. turkmenicus in the food web of insects associated with the CMB and brief diagnosis of the parasitoid is presented for quick identification. The parasitism of Hy. maindroni grubs by H. turkmenicus ranged from 65.67 to 80.95 per cent. However, no primary parasitoid of the cassava mealybug was observed so far.

Keywords

Cassava Mealybug, Hyperparasitoid, Predation.

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References

• Joshi S, Pai SG, Deepthy KB, Ballal CR & Watson GW. 2020. The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) arrives in India. Zootaxa 4772(1):191−194. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.8
• Myartseva SN. 1981. Species of Homalotylus Mayr (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) - parasites of coccinellids (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Turkmenistan. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoy SSR (Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk) 6: 35−41. [In Russian]
• Noyes JS. 2020. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids

• Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infecting Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India

Abstract Views :232  |  PDF Views:80

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Kannan ², S. Ramesh Babu ³, M. Mohan ¹, M. Sampath Kumar ¹, P. Raveendran ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Agricultural Research Station, Borwat Farm, MPUAT, Banswara 327 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 5 (2020), Pagination: 860-864

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive insect pest of maize in India. Natural occurrence of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) infection on S. frugiperda larvae was recorded in 2018 during surveys conducted in maize fields in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka, and Coimbatore and Tirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu. A strain of S. frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrNPV NBAIR1) infecting S. frugiperda was isolated from the diseased larvae; morphological and biological characteristics were studied. Electron microscopic studies showed tetrahedral-shaped SpfrNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) of size 1.64 μm. Dose–mortality bioassays revealed that first, second and third instar larvae were equally susceptible (LC₅₀ 3.71–5.02 OBs/mm²) to SpfrNPV infection. A PCR technique for detection of viral DNA in S. frugiperda NPV was developed by employing the polyhedrin gene (polh)-specific primers. The amplicon of 618 bp was amplified, sequenced and NCBI GenBank accession number was obtained (MT422725). Blast analysis revealed that SpfrNPV conserved polh gene sequence matched 100% with the reference GenBank sequence (J04333) from the NCBI database which confirmed the identity of the SpfrNPV.

Keywords

Insect Pests, Maize, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera frugiperda.

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• Enhanced Insecticide-resistance Spectrum in Green Lacewing Predator, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (strain PTS-8) And Its Potential Role In The Management Of Sucking Pests Of Cotton

Abstract Views :236  |  PDF Views:82

Authors

M. Ashwini ¹, M. Mohan ², G. Sivakumar ², T. Venkatesan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 423-428

Abstract

The green lacewing or aphid lion, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) is an important predator of sucking pests, and eggs and neonate larvae of lepiodopteran pests under many crop ecosystems of India. In the present study, enhanced insecticide resistance spectrum in an insecticide-resistant population of C. zastrowi sillemi (strain PTS-8) was evaluated against four commonly used insecticides on cotton. The insecticide resistant C. zastrowi sillemi PTS-8 showed 16.4-, 14.8-, 12.7- and 7.2-fold resistance against chlorpyriphos 20% EC, cypermethrin 10% EC, acetamipirid 20% SP and chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC respectively, compared to the susceptible strain. Biochemical assays revealed an elevated level of three major detoxifying enzymes, viz. carboxylesterase (1.48-fold), glutathione S-transferase (1.27-fold) and cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (1.36-fold) in PTS-8 strain compared to the susceptible strain. The field survival and biocontrol potential of PTS-8 strain were significantly better on cotton plants treated with recommended dose of insecticides. The study indicated the potential role of insecticide-resistant natural enemies under biointensive IPM programmes to avoid compatibility conflict with insecticides.

Keywords

Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi, Cotton, Detoxifying Enzymes, Insecticide Resistance, Sucking Pests.

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References

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• Natural Occurrence of Entomopathogens on the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (j.e. Smith) in South India

Abstract Views :240  |  PDF Views:79

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, M. Kannan ², K. Elango ³, P. Ram Kumar ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Mahesh S. Yandigeri ¹, O. Dhanyakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kodaikanal 624 103, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 619-621

Abstract

No Abstract.

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• Occurrence of Cassava Mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera), A New Invasive Pest on Cassava in India and Prospects for its Classical Biological Control

Abstract Views :214  |  PDF Views:90

Authors

M. Sampathkumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, A. N. Shylesha ¹, Sunil Joshi ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, S. Vennila ², S. R. Venkatachalam ³, M. Vijayakumar ⁴, Madhu Subramanian ⁵, M. Yoganayagi ⁶, T. R. Ashika ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110 102, IN
3 Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Yethapur 636 119, IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sandhiyur 636 204, IN
5 Directorate of Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, IN
6 State Department of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu, Senthamangalam 637 409, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 432-435

Abstract

Increased globalization and trade have made India a target for entry of many new alien insect pests. One such unintentional recent introduction is the cassava mealybug (CMB), Phenacoccus manihoti on cassava. Monitoring on the occurrence and damage potential of CMB on cassava was undertaken during 2020. Among the places surveyed, maximum damage score (4–5) and density of the mealybug (>1000/shoot tip) were recorded in Salem and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu and Thrissur district of Kerala. In the absence of effective native natural enemies and other methods of control, CMB might pose a major crisis to the cassava industry in India. The prospects of its suppression by classical biological control are quite vibrant and the initiative to import the parasitoid wasp, Anagyrus lopezi from Thailand and the Republic of Benin is already being taken by ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, India.

Keywords

Biological Control, Damage, Invasive, Monitoring, Phenacoccus manihoti.

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References

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• Characterization of granulosis viruses of sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell.) and internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur)

Abstract Views :185  |  PDF Views:78

Authors

M. Kannan ¹, N. Geetha ², K. Elango ³, M. Mohan ⁴, G. Sivakumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
2 ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, IN
3 Imayam Institute of Agriculture and Technology, Tiruchirappalli 621 206, IN
4 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 570-573

Abstract

A study was undertaken to characterize the granulosis viruses (GVs) of early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell.) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) and internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane. Scanning electron photomicrographs revealed ovo-cylindrical occlusion bodies (OBs) of GVs in early shoot and internode borers with an average size of 425.03 and 230.21 nm, 387.64 and 208.68 nm in length and breadth respectively. Transmission electron photomicrographs also showed ovo-cylindrical OBs embedded with a rod-shaped virion. The average length and breadth of the virion in the OB was 271.0 ´ 52.6 nm, 257.0 ´ 50.2 nm for early shoot and internode borer GVs respectively. Toxicity studies with the respective GVs revealed lethal concentration values of 4.38, 4.61, 6.89 OBs/mm2 and 1.85, 135.43, 8045.27 OBs/mm2 to second, third and fourth larval instars of Chilo infuscatellus granulosis virus (ChinGV) and Chilo sacchariphagus indicus granulosis virus (ChsaGV) respectively.

Keywords

Early shoot borer, granulosis viruses, internode borer, occlusion bodies, sugarcane, toxicity.

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• Gut bacteria mediated insecticide resistance in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula

Abstract Views :199  |  PDF Views:85

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, K. Subaharan ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Sanjay Yelshetti ¹, M. Kannan ², R. Anandham ³, M. S. Yandigeri ¹, Surabhi Kumari ¹, K. Elango ⁴, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Erode 638 315, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 8 (2022), Pagination: 958-964

Abstract

Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major sucking insect pest of cotton in India. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to the development of resistance to most of the recommended pesticide groups. Though there are multiple mechanisms and principles of insecticide resistance development in insects, the gut bacterial-mediated degradation of insecticides is relatively less explored. In the present study, the gut bacteria of field-collected, insecticide-resistant population of A. biguttula biguttula were compared with a laboratory-reared susceptible population. Among the five culturable gut bacteria from the imidacloprid-resistant population, only Enterococcus silesiacus CLHG1a exhibited growth in the agar medium amended with 50 and 100 ppm of imid­acloprid. The imidacloprid degrading capacity of E. silesiacus CLHG1a was further confirmed by HPLC analysis. E. silesiacus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CLHG2 showed higher esterolytic activity (0.348 and 0.309 mmoles/min/mg respectively). The esterase zymo­gram on native PAGE revealed a single major band. This study provides clear evidence that the bacterium E. silesiacus isolated from the gut of A. biguttula biguttula has the ability to degrade imidacloprid and may have played a role in the detoxification of pesticides.

Keywords

Cotton, detoxification, esterase activity, gut microflora, insecticide resistance, leafhopper.

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• Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanism in an insecticide-resistant population of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its parasitizing efficiency against invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

Abstract Views :129  |  PDF Views:80

Authors

Priyanka Dupatne ¹, T. Venkatesan ², Omprakash Navik ³, M. Mohan ³, K. M. Venugopal ³, Basavaarya ³, V. Linga ³, Y. Lalitha ³, G. Sivakumar ³, M. Ashwini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, India, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 115-122

Abstract

Trichogramma chilonis is an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran pests and widely used in biological control and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In this study, the cross-resistance in multiple insecticide-tolerant strain of T. chilonis was evaluated against chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, spinetoram 11.7% SC and thiamethoxam 12.6% + lambda-cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC. Bioassay studies revealed the highest resistance level against chlorantraniliprole (8.83-fold resistance) over the susceptible population, followed by spinetoram (2.41-fold). Metabolic enzymes carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase showed major involvement in the resistant populations, with the highest activity obser­ved against chlorantraniliprole, followed by spinetoram. The resistant population at field recommended doses of chlorantraniliprole (400 ppm), parasitized 52.92% and 44.10% of Corcyra cephalonica and Spodoptera frugiperda eggs respectively, compared to 15.48% and 9.6% parasitism by the susceptible population. Integration and utilization of resistant strains of T. chilonis in IPM programmes can provide improved control of insect pests under insecticide-sprayed conditions and may reduce the insecticide load on crops

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• Recent Events Of Invasive And Migratory Pests And Lessons Learnt

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Authors

S. N. Sushil ¹, M. Sampathkumar ¹, M. Mohan ², D. K. Nagaraju ³, J. P. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka
3 Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage, Faridabad 121001, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Entomology, Vol 84, No S1 (2022), Pagination: 108-120

Abstract

In the increasing globalisation era, movement of goods and planting materials between countries being carried out at ease, are potential factors of introduction of invasive alien insects, diseases, and weeds in India. Infested fruits carried by international travellers, cargo / sea shipments of wood logs, food trade, and accidental introduction through air travels were the potential ways of entry of invasive alien insects into any country. The entry of alien invasive pest causes huge economic damage by way of direct crop loss. In addition, the panic situation to save the crops results in indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides that is harmful to applicator, farmer and consumer. Frequent application of insecticides leads to reduction in natural enemies and pollinators there by having an adverse impact on the ecosystem. The present paper critically reviewes the existing plant quarantine regulations in India, recent invasive and migratory insect pest problems and way forwards to safeguard Indian Agriculture.

Keywords

Destructive Insect Pest Act, Plant Quarantine Order, invasives pest, locust, bio-security

Full Text

   

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