Informatics Publishing Limited

Jaswinder Kaur ¹, Jatinder Kaur ¹, Kamaljeet Kaur ¹, J. S. Kirandeep Kaur ¹, Kirandeep Kaur ¹, Lakhwinder Singh ¹, Lovepreet Kaur ¹, Manjinder Kaur ¹, A. S. Manpreet Kaur ¹, B. S. Manpreet Kaur ¹, H. S. Manpreet Kaur ¹, R. S. Manpreet Kaur ¹, Teena Jacob ¹

Affiliations
1 Guru Nanak College of Nursing, Gopalpur, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Background:

Menstruation is an important part of female reproductive cycle, but menstrual dysfunction in adolescent girls may affect the normal life of adolescent girls. Most of the adolescent girls were affected by PMS symptoms like dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia. Poor nutritional status and anaemia were also associated with common menstrual problems among adolescent girls. The menstrual cycle is the scientific term for the physiological changes that can occur in fertile women for the purpose of sexual reproduction and fertilization. The menstrual cycle, under the control of endocrine system. Menstrual cycles are counted from the first day of menstrual bleeding, Average of 28 days. Different phases are menstrual, proliferative, ovulatory, luteal, ischemic and follicular phase.

The frequency of premenstrual syndrome in India was 53% according to ICD-10 criteria, among which 42% was mild, 18.2% moderate and 31.7% severe. A total of 64 girls (18.2%) met the DSM-IV criteria for severe PMS or Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The order of frequency of symptoms occurring in PMS was general body discomfort, anxiety, backache, fatigue and depression. Most frequently reported symptoms in PMDD group were anger, anxiety, stress, depression, fatigue and general body discomfort.

Objectives:

* To determine the pre-test knowledge of adolescents on lifestyle changes in prevention of premenstrual syndrome.

* To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on lifestyle changes in prevention of premenstrual syndrome

* To find the association between lifestyle changes and demographic variables.

Method:

A pre experimental, one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. Using the purposive random sampling technique, 50 adolescent girls were selected and the data was collected by administering the Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on premenstrual syndrome during adolescence period. After collecting data, the planned teaching programme (PTP) was administered to the subjects on the same day and on 8^thday, a post-test was conducted using the same Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

The analysis of the pretest knowledge shows that in the pre test scores, majority (22%) of the adolescent girls had average knowledge, 78% of them had poor knowledge and none of them had good knowledge where as in the post test, majority (60%) of the adolescent girls had average knowledge, 38% of them had good knowledge and the least (2%) of them had poor knowledge regarding life style changes in prevention of premenstrual syndrome. There was no significant association of knowledge scores with the demographic variables like age, age at first menstruation, religion and family income and significant association of knowledge scores with the demographic variables like educational qualification and previous knowledge regarding life style changes in prevention of premenstrual syndrome.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

The findings of the study concluded that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of the adolescent girls regarding life style changes in the prevention of premenstrual syndrome during adolescence period. Educating the adolescent girls, will help them to become more aware about their own health and also helps for early detection and treatment.

Keywords

Effectiveness, Planned Teaching Programme, Life Style Changes in the Prevention of Premenstrual Syndrome during Adolescence Period, Adolescence Girls.

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Lakhwinder Singh ¹, Gurbans Singh Bawa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Since the advent of this universe, the human being has secured the position of super creature in relation to others by proving with well-organized intellectual activities and keeps on improving the quality of life as an individual and a member of the society from childhood to the end of life. Although the life span of a human being is continuous but various stages can be perceived based on growth and development where adolescent is a crucial phase in the sequence of these junctures with their own importance. This non-experimental quantitative study expected to determine gender differences in a study of adolescents in relation to aggression. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of aggression in adolescents. A total number of 164 (11th) grade male and female adolescents from government senior secondary schools in Punjab. Participants filled aggression scale. Urban adolescents reported significantly higher scores in well-being as compared to rural adolescents. In both gender and location differences results were found not significant, girls and boys do not differ significantly in well-being across low social maturity. Well-being across high social maturity the gender differences were found not significant but in location differences indicates that urban adolescents heaving higher well-being across high social maturity as compared to rural adolescents.

Keywords

Adolescents, Aggression, Gender Differences, Parental-Adolescents Relationships And School Factors.

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Suresh Kumar ¹, M. L. Aggarwal ¹, Lakhwinder Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, YMCAUST, Faridabad (Haryana), IN

Abstract

The present work attempts to analyze the safe load of the open coil helical spring. This work describes static analysis of the helical compression spring. In this research, steel helical spring related to light vehicle suspension system under the effect of a uniform loading has been studied by using SOLIDWORKS Software. This Software uses the displacement formulation of the finite element method to calculate component displacements, strains, and stresses under internal and external loads. Spring weight, maximum stress and deflection have been studied and factors of safety under the effect of applied loads have been calculated. The torque can be used to cause a rotation. The main objective of this research paper is to use of Finite element method (FEM) is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions to boundary value problems for partial differential equations. It uses subdivision of a whole problem domain into simpler parts, called finite elements, and variation from the calculus of variations to solve the problem by minimizing an associated error function through some light on the fatigue stress analysis of springs used in automobiles. Reduction in weight is a need of automobile industry.

Keywords

Open Coil Spring, SOLID WORKS, FEM.

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Hetram ¹, Lakhwinder Singh ¹, Hari Om Chaudhary ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, YMCA University of Science & Technology, Faridabad-121006, IN

Abstract

New nickel (Ni)-reduced stainless-steel metals have recently been developed to avoid sensitivity to Ni. Heat treatment process like case carburizing & nitriding and cold working process like shot peening are the most widely used processes for surface hardening of several components used in structures, automobiles, heavy duty machines, etc. In case carburizing and nitriding of steel components the composition of the surface changes by the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen respectively and results in a hard outer surface with good wear resistance properties. Similarly shot peening improves the surface characteristics by deforming the surface layer by the shots. The paper presents the results of investigations on the influence of shot peening conditions on the hardness of low nickel austenitic stainless steel. There impact is determined on the surface hardness before and after shot peening. Specimen is prepared for the hardness testing and then comparison is done between the hardness of the shot peening specimen and without shot peening specimen.

Keywords

Shot Peening, Low Nickel Stainless Steel, Hardness, Austenitic Steels.

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