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K. Selvaraj ¹, H. D. Kaushik ¹, Rachna Gulati ¹, S. S. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The field efficacy of Beauveria bassiana in comparison with the commercial formulation of B. bassiana (Daman) and standard check malathion 50 EC against Hydaphis coriandri and Aphis craccivora showed significant variations among pre-treatment and post-treatment counts. H coriandri, one day after treatment (DAT) a significant reduction (70.22%) in the aphid population was observed in malathion 50 EC (0.05%) followed by Daman (15.22%). At 7 DAT, the highest population reduction was 92.81% in malathion 50 EC followed by Daman (83.41%) was recorded, whereas in A.craccivora one-DAT, a significant reduction (68.42%) in the aphid population was observed in malathion 50 EC (0.05%) followed by Daman (10.70%). At 7 DAT, the highest population reduction was 90.0% in malathion 50 EC followed by Daman 81.34% were observed. Daman showed significantly high percent of reduction (54.60%) and (47.35%) in H coriandri and A.craccivora, respectively. However, the standard check, malathion 50 EC were highly toxic and showed significantly high percentage reduction (84.85%) and (82.55%) in the both the aphids population.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Hyadaphis coriandri, Aphis craccivora, Malathion.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, H. D. Kaushik ¹, Rachna Gulati ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Laboratory bioassays were carried with seven different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana against Hyadaphis coriandri by using detached leaf bioassay technique with slight modifications. The mortality in treated aphids increased in conidial spore concentration. The highest concentration (1x10¹⁰ conidia ml^-1) caused maximum cumulative mortality (96.85%) at 7 days after treatment compared to the lowest concentration (1×10⁴ conidia ml^-1) with 67.61 per cent mortality. The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) value recorded with B. bassiana was 1.5x10⁴ conidia ml^-1 in mixed H. coriandri population. Median lethal time (LT₅₀) values were found to be inversely proportional to the spore concentration of B. bassiana and were observed as 45.70, 67.60, 71.30, 87.04, 97.72, 120.26 and 141.57 h for 10¹⁰, 10⁹, 10⁸, 10⁷, 10⁶, 10⁵, 10⁴ conidia ml^-1, respectively.

Keywords

Hyadaphis coriandri, Beauveria bassiana, Bioassay, LC⁵⁰, Pathogenicity and LT⁵⁰.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, S. Satpathy ¹, B. S. Gotyal ¹, V. Ramesh Babu ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, IN

Abstract

A survey on native natural enemies of jute hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker was conducted during April- July 2012 at CRIJAF, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The survey revealed that Meteorus spilosomae Narendran& Rema is a potential larval parasitoid which was occurring naturally in the jute ecosystem. This report confirms the parasitization of S. obliqua larvae by M. spilosomae in jute ecosystem of West Bengal for the first time.

Keywords

Spilosoma obliqua, Meterous spilosomae, Larval Parasitoid.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, M. Sujatha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore-641018, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tirupur-641 602, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Six cerium(III) nitrate complexes with variously substituted 2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one thiosemicarbazones have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, molar conductance, IR, magnetic, cyclic voltammetric and thermal studies. Generally, cerium(III) may be easily converted to cerium(IV). In order to ascertain the oxidation state of the cerium in the prepared complexes, the cyclic voltammetric studies have been carried out. It has been observed that increase of potential produces an anodic peak in both the complexes. This indicates that the complexes are getting oxidized which consequently means that they were in the reduced form initially. Thus it is confirmed that cerium is present in +3 oxidation state in its complexes. This is further supported by the studies on concentration effect and sweep rate. Based on the above observations, 10-coordinated structure has been proposed for the complexes.

Keywords

10-coordinated Structure, Cerium(III) Nitrate Complexes, Piperidin-4-one Thiosemicarbazones, Thiosemicarbazone Complexes

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K. Selvaraj ¹, S. Ramasamy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University of Madras, A.C. College Campus, Madras 600 025, IN

Abstract

Cuddalore Sandstone (Mio-Pliocene) of Neyveli and Ariyalur areas has been studied to infer the depositional environment. Granulometrically, poorly to moderately sorted and fine to very finely skewed sandstones are petrographically identified as feldsarenite and litharenite. Source area for the Neyveli sediments included pyroxenite, amphibolite and granodiorite and the Ariyalur sediments were probably, derived from granite and monzonite. Major elemental data show the eugeosynclinal tectonic setting for Neyveli and taphrogeosynclinal setting for Ariyalur area. The overall study suggests a deltaic environment.

Keywords

Sedimentology, Cuddalore Sandstone, Mio-Pliocene, Depositional Environment, Neyveli, Tamil Nadu.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, V. Ram Mohan ¹, M. P. Jonathan ², S. Srinivasalu ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Madras, A C College Campus, Chennai - 600 025, IN
2 Centro de lnvestigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, C Postal 42184, MX
3 Departrnent of Geology, Anna University, Chennai - 600 025, IN

Abstract

The study of SPOT (1988) and IRS-1C (1998) images along with topographic maps (1928 and 1969-70) indicates that the wetland of Vedaranniyam has undergone significant landform modifications over a period of 70 years (1928-1998). Changes in shape and extent of the Mullippallam and Serattalaikkadu creeks, migrating confluence of stream Koraiyar towards north, development of mangrove vegetation, progradation and retrogradation of shoreline and increasing number of salt pans are determined and quantified. The study shows that fluctuations in the discharge of river flows and sediment loads associated with NE monsoon intensity and human interference through salt pan and agricultural activities are manly responsible for the dynamic changes observed in the area.

Keywords

Coastal Landforms, Fluvial Processes, Human Activity, Remote Sensing, Vedaranniyam Wetland, Tamil Nadu.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, V. Ram Mohan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Madras, A.C. College Campus, Chennai - 600 025, IN
2 Present address: Ocean Science & Technology Ceil (Marine Geology and Geophysics), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore - 574 199, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Surface sediment samples collected from 42 locations up to a water depth of 53 m during pre-NE monsoon (September, 1 995) and post-NE monsoon (April, 1996) seasons in the innershelf region, off Kalpakkam, were analysed for textural parameters, calcium carbonate and organic matter. Grain size distribution shows that the innershelf is carpeted with a mosaic of sand and silty sand with minor amounts of clay (0-4%). The analysed sediments are characteristically very poorly and poorly sorted, and dominantly positively skewed with very leptokurtic and very platykurtic nature. The occurrence of relict sediments in the form of coarse sand deposit around 19th km from the present shoreline has been identified as a palaeoshoreline. Bivariate plots of grain size parameters reveal that the sedimentary depositional environment is influenced dominantly by river/dune/beach conditions. A linear patch of coarse sand with higher concentration of CaC03 (>15%) and very low organic matter (<0.4%) at a depth around 50-53 m confirms the existence of the palaeoshoreline, formed probably during Holocene low sea level. SEM photomicrographs also support the occurrence of energy enviroment related to shoreline.

Keywords

Size analysis, Cac0³, Organic matter, SEM, Palaeoshoreline, Mid-Holocene, Sea Level, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu coast.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, V. Ram Mohan ², S. Srinivasalu ², M. R. Jonathan ², R. Siddartha ²

Affiliations
1 Ocean Science & Technology, Cell (Marine Geology and Geophysics), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri - 574 199, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Geology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Madras, A.C. College Campus, Chennai - 600 025, IN

Abstract

Two sediment cores collected from the Ennore Creek, southeast coast of India, were studied for sand-silt-clay contents, CaC0₃, organic matter and nondetrital trace metals in order to understand the geochemical processes controlling the distribution of metals including anthropogenic factors, if any. Core 1 from the intertidal region with sandy sediments shows lower metal contents, except for the top oxic layer, when compared to core 2, consisting mostly of silty sand with significant percentage of clay and showing higher concentration of metals. The sediments of core 1 show an oxidized upper layer where metals are mobilized and diffused from less oxidized deeper layers due to early diagenetic processes. While Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn and Cr are diagenetically modified, anthropogenic processes seem to influence Pb, Cd and, to some extent, Cr and Zn. Discharge of wastes from the nearby located thermal power plant, fertilizer (phosphate) industry, electroplating industries, and sewage are identified as additional possible sources for these metals. Detrital elements (Si - and Al) do not show any relation with the metals studied, except Fe and Al in core 1. Textural changes at three subsurface depths represented by silty sand (15,40 and 50 cm) in core 1 and clayey sand (10,32.5 and 55 cm) in core 2 are probably correlatable with the low rainfall intensity suggesting past drought conditions in the study area. A distinct increase in concentrations of nondetrital trace metals Pb, Cr, Zn and Cd at a depth of 37.5 cm in core 2 is probably related to the beginning of intense industrialization around 1970s in the area under investigation.

Keywords

Sediment Cores, Nondetrital Trace Metals, Early Diagenesis, Anthropogenic Factors, Ennore Creek, Tamil Nadu Coast.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, B. S. Gotyal ¹, S. Satpathy ¹, T. Ramasubramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection-ICAR-Central Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Kolkatta, 700120, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

A survey on native natural enemies of Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker was conducted during April- August 2012 cropping season at ICAR-CRIJAF, Barrackpore as well as jute growing belts in West Bengal, India. The survey revealed that Protapanteles obliquae (Wilkinson) (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) is a potential larval parasitoid of S. obliqua which is occurring naturally on jute. This is the first record of natural parasitism of P. obliquae on S. obliqua on jute crop in India.

Keywords

Jute, Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, Larval Parasitoid, Protapanteles obliquae, Spilosoma obliqua.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, R. Sundararaj ², T. Venkatesan ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, H. K. Mrudula ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A invasive rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW) Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was found infesting coconut, banana, custard apple and several ornamental plants in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala for the first time in India. The identity of the pest species was determined through morphological and molecular tools. Furthermore cytochrome c oxidase-I gene (658 bp) of RSW was sequenced (GenBank accession number KY209909) which would serve as an ideal molecular diagnostic marker for its identification irrespective of its phenotypic plasticity. During the survey, several natural enemies were recorded and maximum parasitism was recorded by Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and its COI gene was sequenced and deposited as Encarsia sp. (GenBank accession number KY223606). Per cent parasitism ranged from 20.0 to 60.0 % in different collection locations, highest parasitism being recorded in Kerala as compared to other states. The predators recorded were Mallada sp., few coccinellids and predatory mites. This communication is the first report of the rugose spiraling whitefly, its host plant range and associated natural enemies in India.

Keywords

Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus, Host-Plants and Natural Enemies, Invasive Pest, Spiraling Whitefly.

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K. Selvaraj ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, R. Sundararaj ², Chandish R. Ballal ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Occurrence of the invasive rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin was found on coconut, banana, mango, guava, sapota, Indian almond, water apple, ball tree, rubber fig, butterfly palm, and ruffled fan palm for the first time in Karnataka. Severe damage was noticed in the coastal areas of Mangalore and Udupi and the infestation ranged from 20-35% in coconut and 24-38% in banana. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used to identity the pest and its natural enemies. Survey also revealed natural parasitism by the parasitoids Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani and E. dispersa Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) with 5-15% in coconut, 7-18% in banana and 22-30% in sapota. Besides, other commonly found natural enemies viz., Stethorus sp. associated with mites and Dichochrysa astur were also recorded. Furthermore, augmentation and conservation strategies for these parasitoids for the management of this invasive pest were discussed.

Keywords

Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, Host-Plants, Invasive Pest, Natural Enemies, Rugose Spiraling Whitefly.

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Ankita Gupta ¹, K. Selvaraj ¹, Nigel Wyatt ², S. K. Rajeshwari ¹, C. R. Ballal ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru – 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, GB

Abstract

First ever record of family Xenasteiidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Cyclorrhapha) from mainland India is provided. Most of the previous records of this family are from coastal sites, as they have usually been found on islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. For the first time biology and life stages of Xenasteia are illustrated. Xenasteia members were found associated with an exotic rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW) colony of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the coastal areas of Karnataka in southern India, however no direct obligate association could be diagnosed. Also for the first time Anagyrus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was recorded from the genus Xenasteia as its solitary parasitoid. Worldwide, this is the first ever report of parasitism associated with any member of this little-known family Xenasteiidae.

Keywords

India, New Record, Xenasteiidae.

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B. S. Gotyal ¹, V. Ramesh Babu ¹, S. Satpathy ¹, K. Selvaraj ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR- Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120, West Bengal, IN
2 ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore – 560024, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Surveys were conducted in intensive jute growing areas of West Bengal to collect information on natural enemies and other entomopathogens infecting jute hairy caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). The jute crop supports large number natural enemies of S. obliqua and entomopathogens. Among the braconid larval parasitoids, Meteorus spilosomae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Protapantales obliquae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were the key mortality factors. The activity of these parasitoids was noticed from mid- May to mid-July during the cropping season. The parasitoid, P. obliquae is a gregarious, endoparasitoid specific to S. obliqua and parasitize to the extent of 38% up to third instar of larvae whereas M. spilosomae reported to cause up to 77% of parasitisation on S. obliqua under field condition. Bacillus thuringiensis and nuclear polyhedrosis virus were found be very effective with mortality of, 64 and 93% respectively. These parasitoids and pathogens can be used as potential bio-control agents against jute hairy caterpillar through conservation, augmentation and mass multiplication.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Jute, Natural Enemies, Spilosoma obliqua.

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M. S. Abhishek ¹, B. C. Hanumanthaswamy ¹, T. Venkatesan ², K. Selvaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga - 577204, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bellary Road Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The efficacy of different biocontrol agents, botanicals and a biorational insecticide were evaluated against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato under field conditions at Shivamogga, Karnataka during two seasons (Rabi 2018-2019 and summer 2019-2020). The results revealed that spiromesifen 240 SC @ 0.7 ml/L was the most effective in reducing the B. tabaci population i.e., 85.12 and 85.16 % reduction over untreated control during Rabi and summer, respectively followed by azadirachtin 5% @ 2 ml/l with reduction of 68.61 and 66.32 % over untreated control during Rabi and summer, respectively. The response of these treatments was also observed on the yield attributes, with highest fruit yield of 53.67 t/ha (6 pickings) in spiromesifen treatment followed by azadirachtin (52.93 t/ha), but the highest Benifit: Cost ratio was noticed in azadirachtin 5% (1:3.41), followed by spiromesifen 240 SC (1:3.38).

Keywords

Azadirachtin, Bemisia tabaci, Bioagents, Biorational Insecticide, Botanicals, Tomato, Spiromesifen.

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