Informatics Publishing Limited

Shilpi Gupta , Krishnendu Mondal , K. Sankar , Qamar Qureshi

Abstract

No abstract

Full Text

     

S. Dasgupta , K. Sankar , A. K. Gupta

Abstract

The study on status and distribution of gaur was carried out in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary (TWS), Tripura between 2002 and 2004. The density of gaur was found to be 1.5 groups per km² and 5.9 individuals per km². The group size of gaur ranged between 2 and 14 and the observed overall sex ratio (Bulls : Cow) was 58 : 100. Gaur density in TWS remained without any significant change and thus showed that the population is not facing any immediate threat, if not removed directly by poaching, hunting or epidemics. Group size and sex ratio of gaur observed in TWS is comparable with any of the population so far reported from India and thus can be seen as a potential population for the long term conservation.

Keywords

Gaur (Bos Gaurus H. Smith), Density, Group-size, Sex-ratio, Sub-tropical Semi-evergreen
Forest, Trisha Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, India

Full Text

     

Binod Regmi , K. Lalromawia , K. Sankar

Abstract

No abstract

Full Text

     

K. Sankar ¹, K. Nirmala ²

Affiliations
1 Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli - 627012 , Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Quaid-e-Millet College, Chennai – 600002, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: Breast calcifications can be present in mammograms which are one of the most important risk indicators of breast cancer. Digital mammography is a reliable tool to detect breast cancer at the early stage with no symptoms. The objective of this research work is to classify the microcalcification patterns into benign and malignant. Methods: In this research, a novel approach is proposed for classification of microcalcifications based on shift-invariant transform, Jacobi moments and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The Jacobi moments are used to extract orthogonal features from the location of microcalcifications based on orthogonal or weighted polynomial basis which uses recurrence relation to avoid the loss of precisions. The Jacobi features will be given as input to SVM classifier for classifying the mammogram images into normal and abnormal. The abnormality will be further classified into benign or malignant. Findings: The validity of the proposed approach is evaluated using MIAS database. In the process of mammogram enhancement, the experimental results shows that shift-invariant transform achieves better results than contourlet transform. The classification rate of proposed system is 98.65% for normal, 95.80% for benign and 93.35% for malignant accuracy. The performance of the proposed approaches measured by sensitivity, specificity and confusion matrix. The measurement of performance is 0.84 sensitivity and 0.95 specificity for stage1 and 0.85 sensitivity and 0.83 specificity for stage 2. Application/Improvement: The results show that our proposed approach gives high level of accuracy for classification of microcalcification. This approach is very useful to avoid unnecessary biopsy.

Keywords

Breast Calcifications, Jacobi Moments, Orthogonal Features, Support Vector Machines.

Full Text

   

K. Pandian ¹, K. Sankar ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Khajamalai Campus, Trichirappalli-620 023, IN

Abstract

This paper intends to assess the water quality with reference to drinking, agricultural and industrial uses in the Vaippar River Basin, TamilNadu. The area is underlain by Precambrian rocks like charnockites, hornblende-Biotite gneisses, granite and crystalline limestones. Recent alluvial deposits occur along the river course and in the coastal region. The groundwater quality data collected from the Public Works Department (PWD), Ground Water Division (GWD), Tamil Nadu, for the year 1999. The data were used to compute chemical parameters as non-Carbonate hardness, sodium absorption ratio, percentage of sodium, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium ratio, corrosivity ratio, chloro alkaline indices and permeability index found to be based on evaluation of the chemical parameters quality of water is fit for drinking, industrial and agricultural uses, except in a few isolated locations. According to Gibb's diagram most of the samples falls under rock dominance. Wilcox's diagram indicates that less than 50 percent of samples fall in excellent to good and good to permissible types. According to the USSL classification of water quality of the samples belong to C5-S1, C5-S2, C5-S3 and C5-S4 classes water are also found in the area which not suitable for irrigation.

Keywords

Hydrogeochemistry, Water Quality, Vaippar River Basin, Tamil Nadu.

Full Text

     

K. Sankar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Balaji Chockalingam Engineering College, IN

Abstract

Reducing energy consumption, primarily with the goal of extending the lifetime of battery-powered devices, has emerged as a fundamental challenge in wireless communication. The performance of the medium access control (MAC) scheme not only has a fairly significant end-result on the behaviour of the routing approach employed, but also on the energy consumption of the wireless network interface card (NIC). We investigate the inadequacies of the MAC schemes designed for ad hoc wireless networks in the context of power awareness herein. The topology changes due to uncontrollable factors such as node mobility, weather, interference, noise, as well as on controllable parameters such as transmission power and antenna direction results in significant amount of energy loss. Controlling rapid topology changes by minimizing the maximum transmission power used in ad hoc wireless networks, while still maintaining networks connectivity can prolong battery life and hence network lifetime considerably. In addition, we systematically explore the potential energy consumption pitfalls of non-power-based and power based routing schemes. We suggest a thorough energy-based performance survey of energy aware routing protocols for wireless mobile ad-hoc networks. We also present the statistical performance metrics measured by our simulations.

Keywords

Mobile Ad Hoc Network, Energy Efficient Routing, Transmission Power Control, Routing Protocols, Performance Metrics.

Full Text

     

K. Sankar ¹, K. Nirmala ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Application, Manomaniam Sundaranar University, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Quaid-e-Millet College, IN

Abstract

Breast cancer is a common disease for women and various techniques have been used to detect the breast cancer. The mammogram images are noise, low contrast and blur due to limitations of the X-ray hardware system. So, we should enhance the mammogram images for radiologist observation. To attain this, we strongly recognize that the digital mammography is a truthful technique with a new method and also it can easily identify the breast cancer at the very early stage before any symptoms are shown. In this paper, we propose NonSubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) method for enhancing the mammogram images and the comparison between 2-D HAAR Discrete Wavelet Transform and Contourlet Transform. The NSCT extracts the shift-invariant multi-scale, multi-direction and the geometric information of mammogram images which is used to distinguish noise from weak edges than existing transformations.

Keywords

Contourlet Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform, Mammogram Image Enhancement.

Full Text