Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Mohan , Mazher Sultana

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the association of lipid profile with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), obese, hypertensive in type 2 diabetes in north Chennai area, Tamil Nadu, India. Nearly 300 blood sample were collected from patients in JPM diagnostic centre, north Chennai, Tamil Nadu and grouped them into diabetic (n=150) and non diabetic (n=150). Behavioral characters were calculated by using the data from the questionnaire like age, sex, height, weight, food habits, obesity, blood pressure (BP), family history, alcohol and smoking habits were correlated for interpretation. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured by using standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was diagnosed as per the criteria provided by the WHO (1959&1978). The body weight was calculated by taking weight in kg and height was measured in cms. The body mass index was calculated from the formula BMI = weight in kg/(height in meters)² Patients were taken as obese if their body mass index was 29.9. All biochemical analyses were done on a semi autoanalyser (RA 50). hs-CRP levels were measured with Elisa reader (Star Fax 325). The lipid concentration level was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with non diabetic patients, serum total cholesterol mean ± SD 209.57±26.56 (P<0.001), serum triglycerides mean ± SD 184.78±49.10 (P<0.001), serum LDL - cholesterol mean ± SD 165.27±29.43,(P<0.001) and decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol levels mean ± SD 42.30±7.12, (P<0.001), and total cholesterol/HDL ratio, mean ± SD 5.13±1.27 (P<.001), Regression analysis revealed obese to be strongly associated with diabetes observed. BMI mean±SD 26.93-3.10 (P<0.001). hs-CRP values increased with increase of obese mean ± SD 6.71±2.78 (ANOVA P<0.001) and HbA1c mean± SD 8.54±1.07 (ANOVA P<0.001). Lipid concentration is elevated in hypertensive with diabetes serum total cholesterol mean ± SD 211.61±26.21 (P<0.001) and compared with hypertensive with non diabetic subjects. Lipid concentration level increased (Total cholesterol, LDL, TGL&VLDL) and decreased (HDL) in diabetes subjects. Lipoprotein particles significantly higher in diabetic female, compared to diabetic male. hs-CRP, increased in obese diabetes when compared with non obese diabetics, and obese non diabetics. hs-CRP strongly associated in obese with diabetes. Lipid concentration elevated in hypertensive with diabetes. The risk factors such as obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, food habits and family history were found to promote the development of type 2 diabetes.

Keywords

Lipid Profile, Lipoprotein C-reactive Protein, Type 2 Diabetes, Obese, Hypertension, Hyperlipidaemia

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K. Mohan ¹, V. S. Gowri ¹, M. S. Sumayya ¹, Sabitha ¹, Santhi Somaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Udaya School of Engineering, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Glutamic acid is the most abundant free amino acid, with a concentration of about 500-900 μmol/l. Glutamic acid, relative to other pure amino acids, is produced in the largest quantities around the world. The nonessential amino acid glutamic acid has recently been the focus of extensive scientific interest because of its importance in inducing immune response and improving memory power. Glutamine has a major impact on the functionality of the immune system. Usually glutamic acid is produced by microbial fermentation and chemical methods. The glutamic acid can be extracted from fish because fish protein contains high concentration of glutamic acid when compared to other amino acids. Hence we extracted the amino acid from fish waste collected from fish market. The proteins from fish waste are hydrolyzed enzymaticaly by neutrase and alcalase for 48 hours to extract the amino acids. Then the glutamic acid is confirmed by thin layer chromatography and eluted by ion exchange chromatography using synthetic anion exchanger resin. The amount of glutamic acid is estimated by copper titration method.

Keywords

Alcalase, Fermentation, Glutamic Acid, Neutrase.

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K. Mohan ¹, P. Chandrasekhar ², S. A. K. Jilani ³

Affiliations
1 Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600117, Tamil Nadu,, IN
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600117, Tamil Nadu,, IN
3 Department of E.C.E, MITS, Madanapalle, Chittoor - 517325, Andhra Pradesh,, IN

Abstract

In day to day, the Object Liveness Detection and Genuine Face recognition became important in many real time applications such as security systems with user authentication, live video processing, Object Identification, Object Recognition and many. Most of the existing systems for Face recognition and anti-spoofing classifier is accomplished to detect object features and finds spoofing attacks on all subjects. However, by considering the individual differences among several objects, the basic classifier cannot simplify well to all subjects. In this work, the proposed system allows to select specific object based on Region of Interest (ROI) and extract features of ROI, then recognises face and later check for spoofing attacks using Fuz-SVM classifier specifically trained for each object, which avoids the interferences between several objects. Moreover, by considering all possible rare and uncommon fake samples for training, we propose a combined Histogram of Oriented Gradients with Local Phase Quantization (HOG-LPQ), which makes it practical to train well performed individual Object to its certain face with liveness detection and, the proposed system includes not only processing of specific selected object and also extracts features of blurred images. We performed experiments on various real time objects with exiting data base; the details are discussed in the prospect of the proposed approach.

Keywords

Authentication, Fuz-SVM, Genuine, Histogram of Oriented Gradients, Local Phase Quantization, Liveness Detection, Region of Interest (ROI)

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M. Aramudhan ¹, K. Mohan ²

Affiliations
1 Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nedungadu, Karaikal, IN
2 School of Computational Science & Engineering, VIT University, Vellore - 632 014, IN

Abstract

Security is essential for e-health system as it provides highly sensitive distributed medical data and exchanged among the healthcare professionals, customers and providers over Internet. Internet is an open access system that allows anyone to participate and access the data. Hence, it is necessary to protect the data, service from the unauthorized visibility, use and also maintain a high degree of accessibility. It is achieved using suitable access control policies and techniques that enforce differentiated levels of service visibility and access to the users. This paper introduces a Secure and Auditable Agent- based Communication Protocol (SAACP) which performs on key exchange mechanism with mobile agents to reduce the delay in communication. Intelligent mobile agents are proposed for dynamically negotiating the policy of the users. This protocol offers user friendly, privacy and safe communication through well-built secure mechanism that gives confident to the users and healthcare professional to access the e-health system.

Keywords

Mobile Agent, Certificate Authority, Public Key Infrastructure, Policy, Privacy, Audit, Safe.

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Joseph J. Erinjery ¹, Honnavalli N. Kumara ², K. Mohan ¹, Mewa Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Bio-Psychology Laboratory and Institute of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, IN
2 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641 108, IN

Abstract

Primates and non-primates inhabiting tropical forests may interact with each other since they coexist in the same communities. Primates usually interact with their prey, predators, competitors and neutral species. Using 'all occurrence' sampling, we have studied inter-specific interactions of lion-tailed macaques with non-primate species found in their habitat. We observed that the percentage of total time spent on interactions with non-primates was less than 1. Also, the percentage of total time spent in interacting with competitors, predators and neutral species was less than 0.5. The lack of predation pressure and lack of opportunities for mixed-species associations for increasing foraging efficiency appear to be the major reasons for the absence of interactions with nonprimates. By comparing with studies from other primate habitat regions, we observed that primates in South Asia interact much lesser with non-primates than those in South America and Africa. A previous study showed that the interactions of lion-tailed macaques even with other primate species in the Western Ghats are less than expected by chance.

Keywords

Inter-Specific Competition, Mixed-Species Troops, Macaca silenus, Primate–Predator Interaction.

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K. Mohan ¹, S. Lakshmi ², M. Sumithra ³, S. Muruganandam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science & Engg., Thirumalai Engineering College, Kanchipuram, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Comm. Engg., Thirumalai Engineering College, Kanchipuram, IN
3 Department of Computer Science & Engg., Jei Mathaajee College of Engineering, Kanchipuram, IN

Abstract

Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exists a large variety of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. Different applications have different requirements of the steganography technique used. In this paper presents hiding the data behind the image then encrypt the image by using hyper-chaos encryption algorithm. In this algorithm, shuffling matrix and diffusing matrix are generated based on Chen’s hyper-chaotic system. Firstly, the Chen’s hyper-chaotic system is used to shuffle the position of the image pixels, and then use Chen’s hyper-chaotic system to confuse the relationship between the original image and the cipher image.

Keywords

Hyper-Chaos, Steganography, Hiding Data.

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K. Mohan ¹, Mewa Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Bio-Psychology Laboratory and Institute of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, IN

Abstract

Nests are observed throughout the animal kingdom, and in general, they are essential for the protection and upbringing of young ones. Owing to the thermal determination of sexes in reptilian species, and communal livelihoods of social insects, both nest-building and nests have received considerable scientific attention. Social insects communally build large nests and spend their lives completely within them. Birds build their nests just before egg laying and abandon them immediately after the departure of the fledglings. Chimpanzees build their nests for the purpose of sleeping and hence, construct them on a daily basis. Additionally, nests differ in shape, size and materials used to build them.

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Amol R. Padol ¹, K Jayakumar ¹, N. B. Shridhar ¹, H. D. Narayana Swamy ², M. Narayana Swamy ³, K. Mohan ¹

Affiliations
1 Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
2 Departments of Veterinary Pathology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
3 Departments of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

Acute dermal toxicity study was conducted in rats. The parameters studied were body weight, serum biochemistry and gross pathology. The animals were also observed for clinical signs and mortality after the application of test film. The dermal irritation potential of silk protein film was examined using Draize test. In the initial test, three test patches were applied sequentially for 3 min, 1 and 4 hours, respectively, and skin reaction was graded. The irritant or negative response was confirmed using two additional animals, each with one patch, for an exposure period of 4 hours. The responses were scored at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the patch removal. Skin sensitization study was conducted according to Buehler test in guinea pigs, in which on day 0, 7 and 14, the animals were exposed to test material for 6 hours (Induction phase) and on day 28, the animals were exposed for a period of 24 hours (Challenge phase). The skin was observed and recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the patch removal. In acute dermal toxicity study, the rats dermally treated with silk film did not show any abnormal clinical signs and the body weight, biochemical parameters and gross pathological observations were not significantly different from the control group. In acute dermal irritation study, the treated rabbits showed no signs of erythema, edema and eschar, and the scoring was given as “0” for all time points of observations according to Draize scoring system. In skin sensitization study, there were no skin reactions 24 and 48 hours after the removal of challenge patch, which was scored “0” based on Magnusson/Kligman grading scale.

Keywords

Draize test, erythema, irritation, sensitization

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K. Jayakumar ¹, K. Mohan ¹, H. D. Narayana Swamy ², N. B. Shridhar ¹, M. D. Bayer ³

Affiliations
1 Departments of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
2 Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, IN
3 Veterinary Faculty Clinics, Ningarhar University, Daronta Jalalabad, Ningarhar, Afghanistan, AF

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of acetaminophen on kidneys of birds by comparison with diclofenac that is used as positive control. The birds of Group I served as negative control and received normal saline, whereas Group II birds received diclofenac injection (2.5 mg/kg IM) and Group III birds received acetaminophen injection (10 mg/kg IM) for a period of seven days daily. The birds treated with diclofenac showed severe clinical signs of toxicity accompanied with high mortality and significant increase (P<0.001) in serum creatinine and uric acid concentration. The creatinine and uric acid concentrations were consistent with gross and histopathological findings. The negative control and acetaminophen-treated groups showed no adverse clinical signs, serum creatinine and uric acid concentrations were normal, and no gross or histopathological changes in kidneys were observed. Thus, it was concluded that acetaminophen can be used for treatment in birds without any adverse effect on kidneys.

Keywords

Acetaminophen, birds, diclofenac, nephrotoxicity

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K. Mohan ¹, Joseph J. Erinjery ², Arjun Kannan ³, Sidharth Srinivasan ⁴, Mewa Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Biopsychology Laboratory, Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Kannur University, Mananthavady Campus, Kannur 670 645, IN
3 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, IN
4 National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, IN

Abstract

Habitat suitability difference between sexes results in sex-specific dispersal. Although this behaviour is one of the key factors in understanding population dynamics, there are limited studies to evaluate it in arboreal species. We studied the distribution of the Indian Giant Squirrel (IGS; Ratufa indica maxima) from a sex perspective. We also evaluated potentiallly suitable habitat types for the species in the Nelliyampathy Reserve Forest, Western Ghats, Kerala, India. We used the sweep survey method to record the distribution pattern of squirrels and analysed the influence of climatic layers and other variables on the distribution using MaxEnt. The study revealed that there was a difference between the sexes in habitat selection. Males preferred more land-use types than females, which were restricted to only certain land-use types. Some of the major factors that determined the distribution of species were distance from urban settlement (50.1%), distance from shade plantation (23.2%), distance from rocky outcrop (9.2%), minimum temperature of the coldest month (9%) and precipitation of the wettest quarter (8.5%). The final MaxEnt model output predicted 49.07% suitable habitat for IGS, of which 45.47% and 34.42% were suitable for males and females respectively, with an overlap of 30.82% between the sexes. We suggest that it would be important to include a sex perspective in species habitat suitability studies in order to gain insights into sex-related habitat specificity and its role in dispersal.

Keywords

Conservation Measures, Distribution Modelling, Habitat Loss, Ratufa indica maxima, Sex-Specific Dispersal.

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