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K. Kalaichelvi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Abstract

The soil available nitrogen and phosphorous was significantly influenced with plant spacing and fertilizer levels. Plant spacing of 90x60 cm and 120x60 cm and application of fertilizers at the rate of 200:100:100 kg NPK ha^-1 recorded higher nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Bt hybrids, plant spacing and fertilizer levels had no significant influence on potassium availability.

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K. Kalaichelvi ¹, A. Arul Swaminathan ¹, K. Ramamoorthy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University - Coimbatore - 641 003, IN

Abstract

Herbicide mixtures are commonly used in agriculture to broaden the spectrum of weed control. The interactions or the combinations may be desirable or undesirable. Acetachlor at 150g/ha applied and ready mix application of anilofos and ethoxysulfuron at 780 g/ha provide effective control of weeds with higher grain yield. Tank mix application of metribuzin with isoproturon at 1.0 kg/ha, clodinofop (60g/ha) and fenoxyprop (120g/ha) applied at 3 leaf stage marginally increase the mortality against the resistant biotypes and susceptible biotypes of Phalaris minor with the corresponding increase in the dose of metribuzin. Tank mixing of MON 12000, CGA 152005 with atrazine or bentazon reduces the weed control of these post-emergence herbicides, in controlling velvetleaf. Chlorimuron is compatible with glyphosate, but aciflurofen antogonise glyphosate activity. Thus the interaction effect of herbicide molecule differed.

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K. Kalaichelvi ¹, A. Arul Swaminathan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, IN

Abstract

Indian farmers have been looking for some better alternative to diversify from traditional agriculture due to gradual reduction in profitability owing to decline in productivity, increased incidence of disease and pest attack in traditional crops, contingent upon their hardy nature and higher returns, medicinal plant cultivation is a better option. India needs to take up a systematic approach towards cultivation of medicinal plants to provide a consistent supply of medicinal plant produce of international quality. Senna, Periwinckle, Coleus, Keelanelli, Sadavari, medicinal Solanum, Aloe, Gloriosa and Poonaikali are some of the medicinal plant ideally suitable for wastelands. There are specific herbs that are suitable for all problematic soils, sodic, rainfed lands, dry land conditions and almost all kinds of unutilized and under utilized lands for better remuneration to the farming community.

Keywords

Land Use, Medicinal Plants, Aromatic Plant.

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K. Kalaichelvi ¹, K. Ramamoorthy ¹, A. Arulswaminathan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Cotton 'White Gold' is an important commercial crop. The major threat to cotton production is its higher susceptibility to pests especially bollworms. Globally, the maximum amount of pesticides was consumed by cotton alone. But nowadays, chemical pesticides miserably failed to check the menace of bollworms in cotton system. Bollworms have developed resistance to most of the potent pesticides. To combat this problem, transgenic Bt cotton has been developed which evokes inbuilt resistance in host and offers protection against bollworms. Application of insecticides in Bt cotton should be based on scouting and thresholds. Bt endotoxin, the insecticidal crystal cry protein efficiency differs on various factors like varieties, season, crop age, environment and management practices like amount of nitrogenous fertilizers applied etc. Bt cotton was found to be safer to human and animal kind.

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K. Kalaichelvi ¹, C. Chinnusamy ², A. Arul Swaminathan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 ARS, Bhavanisagar - 638 301, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Horticulture College and Research Institute, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Humic acid typically contains heterocyclic compounds with carboxylic, phenolic, alcoholic and carbonyl fractions extracted from lignite with high molecular weight. Humic acid has been extracted from various sources such as lignite, peat, coal, farmyard manure, coirpith besides natural persistence in soil. Humic acid plays a vital role in enhancing the nutrient uptake of crop by acting as a chelate in mobilizing nutrients. Prevents losses of degradation and leaching of nutrients and thus reduces the use of inorganic fertilizers besides increasing the efficiency of the applied fertilizers. Presence of growth promoting substances such as auxins and gibberellins had been reported in humic acid and it plays an important role in enhancing the enzymatic activities of the plants. The resistance in the plants found to be increased by the humic acid application. The soil fertility would be improved by mobilising the unavailable form of nutrients to the available form. The humic acid application at optimal rates has been reported to enhance the yield of various crops.

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K. Kalaichelvi ¹, C. Chinnusamy ², A Arul Swaminathan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 ARS, Bhavanisagar - 638 301, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Horticulture College and Research Institute, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Cotton, the "King of fibres" is often quoted as 'White gold' because of its higher commercial value. Our country ranks first in cotton acreage but the productivity is less. One of the major constraints in cotton is nutrient management. Cotton is a deep-rooted crop and voracious feeder of nutrients, responds well for nutrients. When the nutrients are supplied at sub optimal level, the diversion of nutrients to the reproductive sympodial branches gets disrupted leading to boll shedding and poor yield. On the other hand, excess application of fertilizer has its own limitation in promoting vegetative growth. The optimal dose of nutrients builds up a favourable condition in increasing cotton productivity. Response of nutrients in cotton varies among varieties and region and therefore, the recommendation of nutrients are to be made with region specific doses for increasing the productivity.

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S. Sharmila ¹, K. Kalaichelvi ¹

Affiliations
1 PG and Research Department of Botany, Vellalar College for Women, Thindal, Erode - 638012, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In the present effort an endeavor has been made to observe the various morphological and anatomical investigations on the leaf of Cayratia pedata var. glabra, belongs to the family Vitaceae. This is used in Ayurveda, Folk and Siddha medicine for the treatment of ulcer, antiseptic, antidiarrhoeal, refrigerant and cough. Anatomical studies revealed the presence of unicellular, non glandular epidermal trichomes, three abaxial horizontal bundles and one adaxial median bundle, anomocytic stomata and parenchymatous cells with calcium oxalate crystals. It helps to recognize and standardize the crude drug for medicinal uses. Presence of bilobed fruit is the important differentiable characterization among the other genus.

Keywords

Anatomy, Anomocytic, Cayratia pedata var. glabra, Macerate, Medicinal Plant, Morphology.

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M. Rajeswari ¹, K. Kalaichelvi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Vellalar College for Women, Erode (T.N.), IN

Abstract

The impact of dye factory effluent on various tissue metabolites concentration was evaluated in pot culture experiment using Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek as a test crop. Accumulation of various chemical constituents viz., chlorophyll, protein, soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar and tissue nutrients such as N,P,K was promoted by dye factory effluent irrigation with the optimum effluent concentration (25%). Irrigation with treated effluent also gave comparable results.

Keywords

Dye Factory Effluent, Vigna radiata, Biochemical Constituents, Tissue Nutrients.

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S. Sharmila ¹, K. Kalaichelvi ¹, M. Rajeswari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Vellalar College for Women, Erode (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Studies on the effect of different concentrations of treated paper mill effluent on soil and growth, biochemical constituents and modulation of green gram were carried out under potted condition. The growth parameters such as shoot, root lengths and biomass were increased upto 50% concentration of the effluent, thereafter all these attributes decreased sharply. Biochemical constituents such as chlorophyll and protein exhibited a slight increase in 25 and 50% concentration. The bacterial, fungal and nodules had also increased upto 50% concentration and decreased slowly. All the above said parameters were decreased at higher concentrations (75% and 100%). The physico chemical constituents of treated paper mill effluent showed higher BOD and COD values, dissolved oxygen was nil, NPK was low while the contents of sodium, calcium, sulphate and chloride were higher.

Keywords

Green Gram, Paper Mill Effluent, Phytotoxicity.

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