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Janardhanan, K.
- Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of a Little Known Pulse, Sesbaniabispinosa
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Coimbatore-641018, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvayalkuppam, Thiruvallur-602025, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 143-146Abstract
The proximate composition of Sesbaniabispinosareveals that it contains 31.08% crude protein, 6.23% crude lipid,6.81% total dietary fibre, 3.27% ash, 52.61% NFE (Nitrogen FreeExtractives) and 1632Kj 100g-1 DM of calorific value. The mineralcomposition reveals that it is a rich source of potassium, iron, andzinc. The amino acid profiles of the seed protein show that theessential amino acids, sulphur containing amino acids, threonine andisoleucine alone are deficient when compared to FAO/WHO (1991)reference pattern. Fatty acid composition of seed lipids indicate thatlinoleic acid is the most predominant fatty acid. In general the unsaturated fatty acids occur more in level when compared tosaturated fatty acids. The antinutritient profile reveals the occurrenceof low levels of free phenolics and tannins. Though haemmaglutanins (lectins) are detected they can easily be eliminated by cooking process.
Keywords
Underutilized Legume, Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition, In Vitro Protein Digestability, Proximate and Mineral Composition, Calorific Value, Essential Amino Acids.
- Studies on the Hepatoprotective Property of Folklore Medicinal Plants of Badagas in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats-Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activity
Authors
1 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvoyal Kuppam, Thiruvallur, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 147-151Abstract
Badagas are the original settlers of the Nilgiris district,Tamil Nadu in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve falling in Western Ghats. Eight selected medicinal plants alleged to cure liver disorders are subjected to phytochemical screening and two plants assayed for antioxidant activity in the present study. The medicinal plants. Embelia basaal contains the maximum number of bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins and tannins, followed by Heracleum sprengelianum which shows alkaloids, glycosides, flavanoids and saponins. Givotia rottlariformis possesses saponnins, tannins and triterpenes only. The antioxidant activity of methanolextract of Givotia rottlariformis shows the highest activity about 5-6times more than that of ascorbic acid (the standard); whereas the methanol extract of Embelia basaal exhibits only about 3 times more than that of ascorbic acid. Therefore, crude drug preparations for jaundice therapy may be attempted utilizing these two folklore medicinal plants.
Keywords
Jaundice, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity, Badagas, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.- Impact of Hydrothermal Treatments on Elimination of Antinutrient Factors in Velvet Bean
Authors
1 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvoyal Kuppam, Tiruvallur – 602 025, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 105-108Abstract
Two germplasm seed materials, Mundanthurai (white coloured seed coat) and Myllaru (black coloured seed coat) of velvet bean (Mucuna prurieus var utilis) were investigated for antinutritional factors, total free phenols, tannins, and phyto haemagglutinating activity. Both the accessions contain relatively high levels of phenols and negligible tannin content. Without any specificity, the crude lectins (phytohaemagglutinnins) agglutinate the erythrocytes of human A, B, O blood groups. Between the hydrothermal treatments, cooking and autoclaving, cooking has completely eliminated lectin without any specificity in both the investigated germ plasm of velvet bean; whereas autoclaving has completely eliminated lectin activity without any specificity in Myllarus (white coloured) seed coat germplasm. However, it has eliminated lectin activity in Mundanthurai (white-coloured seed coat) with respect to erythrocytes from “B” and “O” blood groups. Both the treatments were not effective in complete elimination of total free phenols and tannins. In fact, tannins content has increased in Mundanthurai germ plasm (33 %) due to cooking and autoclaving (33 %).
Keywords
Velvet Bean, Antinutritional Factors, Free Phenols, Tannins, Phytohaemagglutinins, Germplasm, Cooking, Autoclaving.- Effect of Certain Post Harvest Treatments on Elimination of Phytohaemagglutinins in Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata (Jacq DC.))
Authors
1 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvoyal Kuppam, Tiruvallur – 602 025, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 109-111Abstract
Seed samples of Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) (Jacq, DC) were analysed for phytohaemagglutinating (lectin) activity. The lectins of raw seed samples exhibited lectin activity without any specificity against human “A”, “B”, and “O” erythrocytes. Among the different post harvest treatments almost complete reduction in phytohaemagglutinating activity was recordedwhen the seed samples were subject to autoclaving followed by dry heat treatment (roasting). Nonetheless, soaking in salt (NaCl) solution was found to be ineffective in reducing lectin activity.
Keywords
Sword Bean, Phytohaemagglutinins, Soaking, Cooking, Autoclaving, Dry Heating (Roasting).- Ethno-Medico-Botanical Studies and Antibacterial Activity of Some Indigenous Ethno-Medicinal Plants Alleged to Cure Scabies in Irulars in Western Ghats, South India
Authors
1 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvoyal Kuppam, Tiruvallur – 602 025, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 112-118Abstract
The study area, Siruvani Hills, in Coimbatore district is a continuous range of the Western Ghats mountains included in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Irulars or Irulas are the predominant tribal sect inhabiting Siruvani Hills. In the present study solvent and aqueous extracts of five selected ethno-medicinal plants traditionally used by Irulas to cure scabies were screened for antibacterial activity. The selected plants are Clematis gouriana (Ranunculaceae), Clerodendrum viscosum (Verbenaceae), Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae), Shorea roxburghii (Dipterocarpaceae) and Toddalia asiatica (Rutaceae). The plant extracts were prepared with solvents, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, acetone, methanol and distilled water. The solvent and aqueous extracts thus obtained were screened for antibacterial activity using bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Among the investigated plants, Clematis gouriana was found to exhibit the greatest inhibition effect against the tested organisms by registering a mean value of zone of inhibition 12.13mm followed by Shorea roxburghii (8.56mm) and Clerodendrum viscosum (6.21mm). However Clematis gouriana exhibited nil inhibition activity against E.coli except with hexane extract. Though Shorea roxburghii exhibited an inhibition zone of 8.56mm the mean value was found out to be low.
The least antimicrobial inhibition effect was recorded for Dodonaea viscosa(1.78mm) followed by Toddalia asiatica (0.18mm). Therefore, from the above said results Clematis gouriana, Clerodendrum viscosum and Shorea roxburghii appear to be the most promising ethno-medicinal plants for treating scabies. Phytochemical studies reveal that these plants possess bioactive compounds like glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and volatile oils which might confer antibacterial activity on these plants.
Keywords
Siruvani Hills, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, Irulars, Ethno-Medico-Botanical Studies, Antibacterial Activity, Scabies.- Effect of Differential Processing on Elimination of Oligosaccharides in Canavalia Beans
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Govt Arts College, Coimbatore, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvayalkuppam, Tiruvallur-602025, Tamilnadu, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 119-124Abstract
The present study reveals the presence of substantial levels of oligosaccharides, verbascose, stachyose and raffinose,in all the investigated seven germplasm seed materials of the tribal pulses, Canavalia ensiformis DC and Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.). The oligosaccharides are implicated in flatus production. Therefore the differential processing methods like soaking followed by cooking and treatment with crude α – galactosidase (enzyme) are undertaken. Between these two processing methods, treatment with crude enzyme (α – galactosidase) appears to be more effective in significant reduction in levels of oligosaccharides, raffinose ranging from 77.94% to 82.72%, stachyose ranging from 67.57% to 73.56% and verbascose ranging from 78.67% to 81.40% .
Keywords
Germplasm, Antinutritional Factors, Oligosaccharides, α-Galactosidase, Soaking and Cooking.- Effect of Differential Processing Methods on Elimination of Oligosaccharides in an Underutilized Food and Feed Source, Mucuna Beans
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranavayalkuppam, Thiruvallur-602025, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 125-129Abstract
Legumes (pulses) contain a wide array of antinutritional factors (ANFs) associated with their nutrients. Suitable scientific and technological processing methods are needed for the elimination of ANFs without affecting the nutritional potential of the pulses. In the present study the selected underutilized pulses [Mucuna monosperma DC wall ex and Mucuna pruriens var. utilis. (Dc wall ex Wight) (Baker ex Burck)] were subjected to differential processing methods to assess their effectiveness in eliminating oligosaccharides which cause flatus in consuming humans. Between the two treatments (soaking followed by cooking and crude α-galactosidase treatment), the crude α-galactosidase enzyme treatment is found to be more effective in eliminating significant levels of oligosaccharides (70-90%).
Keywords
Western Ghats, Underutilized Pulses, Antinutritional Factors, Oligosaccharides, Crude Α-Galactosidase.- Evaluation of Nutrient and Anti-Nutrient Characteristics of Different Germplasm of Pongamia Pinnata
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Coimbatore-641 018, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvoyalkuppam, Tiruvallur-602 025, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvoyalkuppam, Tiruvallur-602025, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvoyalkuppam, Tiruvallur-602 205, Tamilnadu, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 130-135Abstract
Two different germplasm of Pongamia pinnata collected from Omalur, Salem, Tamilnadu and Bharathiar University campus, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu were analyzed for their proximate composition, minerals, seed protein fractionation, amino acid profiles, fatty acid composition of lipids and anti-nutritional substances. Crude protein value was 22.36 g 100 g-1 DM (Omalur germplasm) and 23.69 g 100 g-1 DM (Bharathiar university campus germplasm). The other major nutrient contents (g 100 g-1) were crude lipid 31.06 and 32.16; ash 3.67 and 4.16, total dietary fiber 8.15 and 6.80 and total crude carbohydrate content (NFE) 34.76 and 33.19 respectively for Omalur germplasm and Bharathiar university campus germplasm. The seeds were a rich source of minerals such as K, Ca,Mg and P. The amino acids valine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, lysine were fairly high when compared with the FAO/WHO amino acid recommended pattern.
The lipids contained high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in which linoleic acid was the major fatty acid. The in vitro prote digestibility was found to be 72.34% and 72.16% respectively for Omalur and Bharathiar University Campus germplasm. Anti-nutritional substances such as total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA and haemagglutinating activity, were also analyzed.
Keywords
Proximate Composition, Mineral Composition, Amino Acid Profiles, Fatty Acid Composition, Anti-Nutritional Factors, Germplasm.- Nutritional Assessment and Chemical Composition of Two Germplasm of Mucuna Monosperma DC. ex Wight
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Aranvoyal Kuppam, Tiruvallur – 602 025, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 136-140Abstract
Two germplasm of the tribal pulse Mucuna monosperma DC. ex Wight viz. Yellur, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu (Western Ghats) and Vaitheki falls, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu (Western Ghats) were analysed for proximate composition, mineral composition, amino acid composition, In vitro protein digestibility and fatty acid profiles of lipids. Crude proteins, crude lipids, ash, total dietary fibre and NFE constituted 23.10 - 23.45%, 4.36- 4.39%, 3.21- 3.80%, 8.9 - 9.21% and 59.53-60.05%,respectively. The contents of essential amino acids are on par with FAO/WHO requirement pattern except sulphur containing amino acids, leucine and lysine. The two germplasm also show high levels of unsaturated fatty acids comparable with other conventional pulses. So, this pulse deserves large scale cultivation as a protein supplement.