Informatics Publishing Limited

A. K. Bhardwaj , Pramod G. Krishnan , K. Geetha , A. Veeramani

Abstract

Understanding the significance of Tiger in the ecosystem, Government of India launched 'Project Tiger' in 1973 for the conservation of tiger and its habitat. By the end of year 2000, 27 Tiger Reserves were established in the country. One of the major constraints or issues confronting conservation in the Tiger Reserves can be attributed to the existence of human population in and around the reserves. These Reserves with the status of Sanctuary or National Park are traditionally following the conventional model of exclusionist Protected Area (PA) management which stresses on coercion and policing as the dominant tool for biodiversity conservation. However, consistent with the National Forest Policy, 1988, the PAs have gradually started addressing the livelihood needs of the local communities and soliciting their support for conservation. Periyar Tiger Reserve (PTR), Kerala, is an example of the successful co-existence of park and people. The tiger reserve along with its adjoining forest areas form an exceptionally rich rainforest landscape. However, mega developmental threats and subsistence dependency of local people had threatened the long-term conservation of PTR. The implementation of India Ecodevelopment Project (IEP) between 1996 and 2004 opened a new vista of PA management, which goes hand in hand with the protection of the PA and livelihood security of the local people. One of the most important contributions of the project has been the evolution of various Community Based Ecotourism Programmes (CBEP) with strong focus on park protection and visitor experience providing sustained livelihoods to about 2000 including indigenous families and rehabilitated forest offenders. Involvement of the local people in pilgrimage management has resulted in safeguarding the ecological sanctity of Sabarimala apart from generating valuable income for forest dependent communities. The project has resulted in the improved planning and protection of the PA Area, reduction in resource use by local people, improvement in habitat health, building social capital among local communities and creation of institutional mechanisms for sustaining the achievements. In order to ensure the post project sustainability, the Government of Kerala has established a semi autonomous Trust named Periyar Foundation with the objective of supporting biodiversity conservation and community welfare initiatives of PTR and adjoining landscape. An eco development surcharge levied on visitors to the PA is being pooled into the operational fund of the Foundation. In nut shell, a new system of decentralized and self-reliant PA management system is evolving in PTR wherein the interest of the biodiversity of the PA is integrated and mainstreamed with the livelihood security of the local people in the landscape.

Full Text

     

M. A. Gopalan ¹, K. Geetha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Shrimati Indira Gandhi college, Trichirapalli- 620 002.
2 Department of Mathematics, Cauvery College for Women, Trichirapalli-620 018.

Abstract

The cubic Diophantine equation with four unknowns X³ + Y³ + XY(X + Y)=Z³ + 2(X + Y)W² is analysed for its infinitely many non-zero distinct integral solutions. A few interesting properties among the solutions are presented.

 

Keywords

Cubic with Four Unknowns, Integral Solutions

Full Text

     

K. Geetha ¹, R. Manavalan ², D. Venkappaya ³

Affiliations
1 Ultra College of Pharmacy, Madurai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chithambaram, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Sastra University, Tanjore, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Kidney stones, one of the most painful of the urologic disorders, are not a product of modern life. Scientists have found evidence of kidney stones in a 7000 year old Egyptian mummy. Unfortunately, kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. In 2000, patients made 2.7 million visits to health care providers and more than 600,000 patients went to emergency rooms for kidney stone problems. So, we have explained the theories of kidney stone formation, Diagnostic procedures and treatments for the kidney stones.

Keywords

Kidney Stone, Types, ESWL, Herbal Options.

Full Text

     

K. Geetha ¹, D. Shanti Saravanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Computer Science and Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, IN

Abstract

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) provide an attractive solution for networking in the situations where network infrastructure or service subscription is not available. Its usage can further be extended by enabling communications with external networks such as Internet or cellular networks through gateways. However, data access applications in MANETs suffer from dynamic network connections and restricted energy supplies. Since Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) is large with sparse nodes, the routing information becomes more complex and it consumes more power, cluster-based routing techniques are used to tackle such situations. The data access efficiency can be improved using cooperative caching technique, which allows the sharing and coordination of cached data among multiple nodes inside the clusters. . In this paper, it is decided to propose modified Energy Efficient Clustered Cooperative Caching DSR protocol (EECCCDSR) to achieve the performance parameter like packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, energy consumption and delay. Though CCCDSR protocol has achieved performance parameters like packet delivery ratio, delay and bandwidth delay product, energy consumption is more. So efficient clustering has been done to reduce the power consumption.

Keywords

Adhoc Networks, DSR Protocol, Clustering, Cooperative Caching, Energy Consumption.

Full Text

     

L. Arockiam ¹, K. Geetha ², A. Aloysius ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli – 620002, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620023, IN

Abstract

The interest in the application of cognitive science in computing has grown recently to a greater extend in the software industry. The programmers and project managers are focusing on better techniques for reduction of software complexity in software development. Object oriented technology becomes an increasingly popular software development environment. The traditional software complexity measures focus only on addressing the complexity of the procedure oriented software development. They cannot fulfill the requirements of object-oriented software. Hence, newer techniques and methods are to be developed by researchers. Earlier, Arockiam et. al have proposed a new complexity measure namely Extended Weighted Class Complexity (EWCC) which is an extension of Weighted Class Complexity (WCC). EWCC is the sum of cognitive weights of attributes and methods of the class and that of the classes derived. The aim of this paper is to validate EWCC and other complexity metrics with respect to program comprehension. From the experiments conducted, it is proved that EWCC is a better indicator of complexity of classes with inheritance.

Keywords

CK Metrics, Extended Weighted Class Complexity (EWCC).

Full Text

     

N. Sivanandan ¹, K. Geetha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karpagam Institute of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

It is important to check the variability of a number of parameter for reliable interpretation of transient PSVEP. The pattern reversal frequency if increased from 1 Hz to 4 Hz, the P-100 latency increase by 4.8 m sec. At a faster rate, the waveforms become less distinct and stimulation above 8-10 Hz result in a steady state VEP. This work presents a technique for a reliable extraction P-100 latency and amplitude using a SVD algorithm. The challenge of image registration (the process of correctly aligning two or more images accounting for all possible source of distortion) is of general interest in image processing. This research focused on investigating potential registration algorithms for transforming partially overlapping images which have only a partially over lapping images of the retina into a single overlapping composite image to aid physicians in assessment of retinal health, and on registering vectors from known common points in the images to be registered. All potential transforms between images are generated, with the correct registration producing a tight cluster of data points in the space of transform coefficients. This registration can be carried out for images of the same subject taken at different times, images taken under different modalities, and images which have only a partial overlap area.

Keywords

Electro Diagnostic Instrument, VEP Stimulator, Image Registration, SVD Algorithm and P-100 Latency Waveform Module.

Full Text

     

N. Sivanandan ¹, K. Geetha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karpagam Institute of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

VEPs can provide important diagnostic information regarding the functional integrity of the visual systems. Several types of VEPs are routinely used in a clinical setting. These primarily differ in a mode of stimulus presentation. Four standard stimulus protocols are defined. The standard VEP protocols are defined for a single recording channel with a midline occipital active electrode. By limiting this standard to four protocols, the intention is that standard VEPs will be incorporated universally into clinical VEP testing along with additional tests and extended protocols that a laboratory may chose to use. This work presents a technique for reliable extraction P-100 latency and amplitude using a wavelet based technique. The standard does not require that all four protocols should be used for every investigation on every patient. In many circumstances, a single stimulus protocol will be appropriate. Four standard stimulus protocols are defined. These are Pattern reversal VEPs elicited by checker board stimuli, Pattern Onset/Offset Flash VEPs elicited by similar checkerboard stimuli, Pattern reversal VEPs elicited by LED Goggles stimuli and Pattern Onset/Offset Flash VEPs elicited by similar LED Goggles stimuli. The analysis of P-100 latency and amplitude measurement variability based on visual pathway conduction in VEP has been shown to have clinical utility. The reliable measurement of VEP techniques to do is less well developed. This work presents a technique for reliable extraction P-100 latency and amplitude using a wavelet based technique. The VEP is still one of the most main tools to access to one of the most unknown and complex systems is nature. There are no doubts that due to its complexity and ability to reflect underlying processes in the visual of the VEP signal are theoretically the best physiological signal for extraction and comprehension of human behavior. The basic algorithms for VEP signal are presented. The overall structure of clinical VEP signal is treated here. The gathered examples are based on the laboratory experiments realized during the subject cognitive processes.

Keywords

VEP Signals, EEG Waveforms, Wavelets Transforms and Signal Processing.

Full Text

     

N. Prabakaran ¹, K. Geetha ², K. Janani ³

Affiliations
1 Pervasive Computing Technologies, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, IN
2 TRP Engineering College (SRM Group), Tiruchirappalli, IN
3 Trichirappalli, IN

Abstract

The rising data centric Wireless sensor network (WSN) is recently emerging technology, which offers the key to isotonic situation in an un-interruptible environment application. It has the ability of keen observation and ties the information with outside world. WSN tenuously collects the dense amount of data, further communicates with the sink through various intermediate nodes. It delivers reckonable response, when unpredictable variation occurs in the environment. Rushing of the enormous data directs to overcrowd in the routing path, which affects vibrant strength of the network. Many of the existing schemes focused on link level congestion. We propose data propelling scheme, which discusses the congestion free environment in node level congestion. Once congestion notification bit is set, new data buffer node awakened, which is near-by to congested node. After its activation, all the data are re-directed to the data buffer and retrieved back in need even at unusual changes occurred further CN bit is cleared. Aspire is, make processing rate which is to be equal to transmitting rate to avoid funneling effect. Our scheme is not consuming too much of energy of new data buffers and resources. It annotates that nodes are intended for working for long time without human intervention. Further our scheme is concentrating on congestion free critical environmental applications, otherwise which drastically decrease the performance of the network.

Keywords

Data Propelling, Congestion Control, Node Level Congestion, Sink.

Full Text

     

T. S. Chandrasekar Rao ¹, K. Geetha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Embedded Systems, Sastra University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 School of Computing, Sastra University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The main objective of this survey is to identify the innovative ideas of wireless charging, its history, types and also the various standards adopted along with the challenges, scope and its salient features. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: This wireless charging is an ingenious approach that transfers the electrical power via the atmospheric medium. In general, it uses the magnetic field or a microwave instead of the traditional copper cables in order to transfer the power. Findings: WPT is the acronym of Wireless Power Transfer. Wireless Power Transfer is an emerging trend that revolutionizes the way of transferring power without cables and makes our life wireless. Now a days, there is a great development in the cruising range of electronic devices, the main issue in these gadgets is frequently charging the rechargeable batteries and connected to the power supply via a chord. One of the most significant failures of the electronic devices is surmounted by using the concept of wireless power transfer. WPT is a convenient, flexible and safe technology available to energize electronic gadgets. Applications/Improvements: Wireless charging can be applicable for automatic wireless energy transfer, consumer electronics, industrial devices, transportation and medical devices like pacemakers, defibrillator and ventricular gadgets.

Keywords

A4WP,Induction, Microwave, PMA, Qi, Resonance, Tesla coil, Wireless Power Transfer.

Full Text

   

T. S. Chandrasekar Rao ¹, K. Geetha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Embedded Systems, Sastra University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamilnadu, IN
2 School of Computing, Sastra University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The major short comings of WPT are power loss, magnetic field interference and heat emission. The proposed methodology addresses the issues encountered in the traditional wireless power transmission systems. Methods/Statistical Analysis: An Automated Battery Backup Approach (ABBA) is proposed here to initiate and terminate wireless charging system in auto mode. In this automated power transfer technique the battery pack device is knowledgeable of its own to take its decision based on the battery status. Findings: The exploration of electronic devices that ranges from handheld mobiles to unmanned vehicles and moving industrial robots, demand for wireless charging system. These nodes require to be instantly charged with dynamic energy. WPT (Wireless Power Transfer) is an effective strategy of transferring the electrical power from the source to the destination load that needs to be connected without wires. Many recent works in this area have discussed methods for improving efficiency and to prevent loss of power. The resistive heat in WPT is more than that of in direct contact charging, as continuous charging of the device happen even the battery being fully charged. Sometimes it causes short circuit damages and the battery will get easily damaged. Due to these issues of WPT the battery lifetime is also reduced. Applications/Improvements: The proposed ABBA methodology ensures a complete, fast, and safe charging mechanism for the battery backup process. This significant strategy is very much suitable for industrial environment to automate the process of transferring electric energy to the industrial gadgets or devices like unmanned vehicles and robots, based on the consumption of power.

Keywords

Automated Battery Backup Approach (ABBA), ADC Resolution Technique, Magnetic Resonance, Tesla Coil, Wireless Power Transmission.

Full Text

   

S. Vijay ¹, K. Geetha ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: This work assures to design a green environment monitoring system for industries using Li-Fi technology to provide secured communication, high data rate transfer and pollution free environment. Methods: The LPC 2148 microcontroller with ARM 7 core is chosen for implementation. Light-emitting diodes are used as the source for data transmission and they are preferred as they have a longer life-time. Different sensors are deployed to monitor various parameters namely temperature, Gas and light intensity in an industrial environment and these sensors transmit the sensed information using Li-Fi technology in terms of flickering of LEDs. Linear quadratic estimation algorithm is implemented to improve the accuracy of sensor values. Findings: The proposed system is implemented in ARM 7 Core (LPC2148) that consumes less power. The designed system provides communication at the rate of 1.5 Mb/s over a distance of 5 meters and they are free from electromagnetic interference. They are not affected by artificial or natural light sources. Improvement/Applications: The implementation of Linear Quadratic estimator improved the accuracy of sensor output values. This technology is eco-friendly and the working atmosphere is conserved thereby ensuring a green environment. The sensors used in industrial applications communicate with low cost and also in a secured manner.

Keywords

Industrial Environment Monitoring, Li-Fi, Light Emitting Diodes, Photo Detectors, Visible Light Communication.

Full Text

   

K. Geetha ¹, R. Vadivel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, D.J. Academy for Managerial Excellence, Coimbatore, 641 032, IN
2 Department of Information Technology, Bharathiar University, IN

Abstract

Process of identifying the end points of the acoustic units of the speech signal is called speech segmentation.  Speech recognition systems can be designed using sub-word unit like phoneme. A Phoneme is the smallest unit of the language. It is context dependent and tedious to find the boundary.  Automated phoneme segmentation is carried in researches using Short term Energy, Convex hull, Formant, Spectral Transition Measure(STM), Group Delay Functions, Bayesian Information Criterion, etc.  In this research work, STM is used to find the phoneme boundary of Tamil speech utterances.  Tamil spoken word dataset was prepared with 30 words uttered by 4 native speakers with a high quality microphone. The performance of the segmentation is analysed and results are presented.

Keywords

Speech Recognition, Speech Segmentation, Spectral Transition Measure (STM), Phoneme Segmentation.

Full Text

   

N. Aravinthan ¹, K. Geetha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University, IN

Abstract

The Mobile Adhoc Network consists of deployed mobile nodes which lead to the frequent changes in network topology. Due to topology changes, required infrastructure is unavailable for communication. Moreover, malicious nodes present in MANET make use of this modification and can easily launch highly vulnerable attacks on the routing path of the network. Hence, Security issue such as removing misbehaving nodes is the primary issue in MANET. Effective certificate revocation scheme was introduced to identify and eliminate the node with malicious activities in the network based on the weighted voting game (ECR-WVG) approach. In this approach, weights and quota were two factors, determined for an effective revocation of malicious nodes certificates. However, security during multiparty transmission was not taken into account in ECR-WVG. In Effective Certificate Revocation Scheme based on Weighted Voting Game and Rational Secure Multi-Party Computing (ECR-WVG-RSMPC) method, rational secret sharing scheme is introduced along with ECR-WVG approach for securing multiparty transmission. Performance evaluation can be done between ECR-WVG and ECR-WVG-RSMPC in terms of false revocation, malicious node revocation, normalized time for revocation and revocation accuracy ratio.

Keywords

Mobile Adhoc Network, Network Topology, Certificate Revocation Scheme, Weighted Voting Game, Multiparty Transmission.

Full Text

     

P. Menaka ¹, K. Geetha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, IN

Abstract

The popularity of World Wide Web is increasing day by day by allowing peoples to share/ transfer their information to multiple sites. WWW becomes the most popular source for containing most information from the various peoples from different locations. Search engines are most useful tool which enables users to retrieve their required contents from the websites. However retrieval of more related contents for the users would be more difficult task which is resolved by using the web mining concepts. Web mining is nothing but integration of data mining techniques with the WWW to retrieve the most useful information required by the users. There are various methodologies are proposed by different authors to perform web mining in the effective way. In this analysis work, different methodologies proposed by various authors are discussed in terms of their working procedure along with their merits and demerits.

Keywords

Web Mining, Useful Information, Data Mining, World Wide Web, Search Engine.

Full Text

     

P. Sasanka ¹, K. Geetha ¹, V. S. Kiranmayi ², Sivakumar Vishnubhotla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nephrology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati - 517 507, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati - 517 507, IN

Abstract

Maintenance of good nutrition forms an important component of management of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) patients and can be achieved through regular assessment of dietary nutrient intake, appropriate dietary advice and monitoring of patient compliance with respect to adherence to dietary advice. Thirty one patients (18 males and 13 females) undergoing CAPD were studied. Information on their dietary intake was collected by dietary recall method. Data was analysed using nutrition software, “dietsoft” and dietary intake of various food components was compared with the prescribed and recommended allowance. Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) score was calculated to assess severity of malnourishment. Mean calorie intake was as per recommendation; carbohydrate and protein intake was lesser and fat intake was more than recommended intake in males and females. All essential amino acids measured in the diet of females was more than recommended levels; in males, intake of lysine, threonine, tryptophan and histidine was more and that of methionine was less than the recommendation. Among minerals measured, both groups of patients consumed lower amounts of sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and magnesium, and higher amounts of phosphorus than recommended. The intake of riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin and vitamin A was lower in both groups, whereas in males, there was a deficient intake of thiamine, vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin C also. 27% of the patients were at risk of severe malnourishment. Findings showed deficient intake of a majority of nutrients by CAPD patients which might result in adverse clinical outcomes. Thus, there is a need for periodical evaluation and appropriate modification of the diet plan of patients undergoing CAPD. The dietary assessment helps in monitoring adherence of patients to dietary advice, timely identification of deficient intake, and initiation of supplementation, if required.

Keywords

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), Dietary Recall, Malnutrition, Nutrients, Nutritional Assessment, Nutrition Risk Index.

Full Text

     

K. Abirami , K. Geetha , S. Hema Priya , C. Dharmaraj , P. Vijayalakshmi

Abstract

With the advent of technology, embedded systems play a major role in various fields. In early stages for shooting wildlife videos and photos, the photographers used to spend more time for a single shot. The major disadvantage is that the shot taken may not be the required shot, so the work and energy used may be wasted. To overcome the above mentioned problem the surveillance system method was introduced. This proposed system will rectify the above mentioned problems with high efficiency. The NOOBS software is used for interfacing the hardware components and python is used as coding language. The working of surveillance system is as follows, when the camera is said to be turned ON, it will keep recording the whole footage without any human touch. When the obstacles are detected by PIR sensor, the PI camera is turned ON and it is identified by LED. The obstacles are captured by the camera and the captured footage is taken from the fixed location. If the obstacle goes out of range, the camera goes to sleep mode, which results in saving the power.

Full Text

     

S. Mounika ¹, K. Geetha ¹, N. Anjana Devi ¹, S. Sharmila ¹, S. M. Dhivya ¹

Affiliations
1 PG and Research Department of Botany, Vellalar College for Women, Thindal, Erode - 638012, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The ethno-botanical assessment aims to explore and gather the medicinally aromatic foliages used by local traditional healers at Molamalai Hill, Karur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: With the assist of medicine-men, elderly people and local traditional healers, the field investigation was conceded out through semi-structured interviews. The knowledge on potent plants and their local names, parts of the plant used in the preparation of medicine and mode of administration on a variety of diseases were recognized. Results: The survey has explored a total of 81 vital angiospermic medicinally aromatic plants belonging to 37 families. Analysis of surveyed plants showed that a greater number of dicotyledons (79 species) belong to a variety of families and 2 monocotyledons belong to Liliaceae and Commelinaceae. Within the dicotyledons, polypetalous shows 37 species, gamopetalous shows 30 species and 12 are monochlamydeae. The majority of the families were represented by Fabaceae and Convolvulaceae (8 species). The 81 diverse ethnic medicinal plants are used to treat skin illness, rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhoea, indigestion, and gonorrhoea. Conclusion: The cram suggested that the present information on the aromatic medicinal use of plants may be helpful for botanical and pharmacological research in future for the discovery of novel sources of drugs.

Keywords

Ethno-Botany, Karur Medicinal Plants, Molamalai Hill.

Full Text