Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Bhuvaneswari ¹, V. Geethalakshmi ¹, A. Lakshmanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3

Abstract

A study was undertaken for developing rainfall scenarios using the ensemble of all 16 different Global Climate Model outputs for A1b scenario for mid (2040-2069) and end (2070-2099) century. For the analysis, the entire Cauvery basin was demarcated into five smaller basins viz., Basin 1 (Upper Cauvery upto Mettur reservoir), Basin 2 (Bhavani basin from Mettur to Upper Anicut), Basin 3 (Amaravathy basin), Basin 4 (Upper Anicut to Grand Anicut) and Basin 5 (Downstream of Grand Anicut, including lower Anicut and the delta region). From the 16 Global Climate Model ensemble outputs, rainfall in the mid century is expected to increase in the SWM months starting from May through December in the order of 1 to 36% (Basin 1), 3 to 21% (Basin 2), 1 to 17% (Basin 3), 3 to 22% (Basin 4) and 4 to 22% (Basin 5). The same trend is expected in the end century with different magnitude. The South West Monsoon (JJAS) and post-monsoon rainfall (ONDJ) is expected to increase towards mid and end century whereas not much change is expected in the pre-monsoon rainfall in the future. Annual rainfall is expected to be 21, 11 and 7% more during mid century compared to the baseline (1981-2000) in the upper Cauvery (Basin 1), mid Cauvery (Basin 2, 3 and 4) and delta region (Basin 5) respectively. The rainfall would be higher by 33, 15 and 10% than the current quantity in the upper Cauvery, mid Cauvery and delta region respectively during end century. These results could contribute to the development of policies for future agricultural water management.

Keywords

Cauvery Basin, Climate Model Ensemble, Rainfall

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S. Kokilavani ¹, V. Geethalakshmi ¹, K. Bhuvaneswari ¹, A. Lakshmanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Abstract

Weather-based crop insurance scheme (WBCIS) products proposed by four insurance providers was compared and evaluated using historical weather data for piloting WBCIS on kharif groundnut in Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Theni, Tirunelveli and Virudhunagar districts of Tamil Nadu. Water deficits during the vegetative phases of groundnut crop generally delay flowering and maturity thereby reducing the crop growth and yield. The study revealed that the deficit rainfall risk was more pronounced in all the abovementioned districts, whereas the risk of excess rainfall impact could be clearly observed in Theni district. Though the occurrence of strike events was for phase- I of deficit rainfall cover, the rate per mm of rainfall fixed by IFFCO-TOKYO was quite low. The product designed for HDFC-ERGO and MS-Cholamandalam was similar, whereas the product for AIC and IFFCO-TOKYO was designed with little variation in context to excess rainfall cover and consecutive dry days. The compensation benefit realized by the farmers of Virudhunagar and Dharmapuri districts was higher followed by Theni because the compensation rate per mm of rainfall fixed by the company was higher, which favours the farmers.

Keywords

Insurance Companies, Payout, Product Design, Strike Events.

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K. Bhuvaneswari ¹

Affiliations
1 B/2, Sujee Illam, I Floor, K.K. Nagar, Near Gorimedu, Salem-636008, IN

Abstract

In this paper bringing out the comparative analysis of edge detection methods with proposed Fuzzy edge detection. There are many ways to perform edge detection. However, the majority of different methods may be grouped into two categories Gradient methods-Sobel, Canny Robert, Prewitt, Laplacian methods-Laplacian of Gaussian and proposed fuzzy edge detection. In this paper, the results of canny produce an attractive solution to improve the quality of edges as much as possible as various Edge Detection methods.

Keywords

Digital Image Processing, Edge Detection, Greadient-Sobel, Canny, Robert, Prewitt, Lapacian-Laplacian of Gaussian and Proposed Fuzzy Edge Detections.

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K. Bhuvaneswari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department Information Technology, St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli-620002, IN

Abstract

Big Data is at the heart of modern science and business. Big Data has recently emerged as a new paradigm for hosting and delivering services over the Internet. It offers huge opportunities to the IT industry. Big Data has become a valuable source and mechanism for researchers to explore the value of data sets in all kinds of business scenarios and scientific investigations. New computing platforms such as Mobile Internet, Social Networks and Cloud Computing are driving the innovations of Big Data. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the concept Big Data and it tries to address various Big Data technologies, challenges ahead and possible. It also explored certain services of Big Data over traditional IT service environment including data collection, management, integration and communication.

Keywords

Big Data, Cloud Computing, Distributed System, Volume.

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Janabai Giri ¹, T. K. Sakthi Devi ¹, K. Bhuvaneswari ¹, D. Umarani ¹, N. Uma ¹

Affiliations
1 Sri Avinashilingam Home Science College for Women, Coimbatore-43, IN

Abstract

Increasing urbanisation culminates in the generation of voluminous domestic waste waters. The potential waste waters in the urban communities of India has been estimated to be of the order of 27,500 million litres per day.

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Sonali McDermid ¹, R. Gowtham ², K. Bhuvaneswari ², Geethalakshmi Vellingiri ², Lakshmanan Arunachalam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, US
2 Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Abstract

This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on maize yields in Tamil Nadu, and assesses the efficacy of adaptation strategies, using a novel multi-climate, multi-crop model approach based on AgMIP Protocols (www.agmip.org). While the climate models displayed consistent changes to rainfall and temperature, substantial uncertainty exists between the different climate-crop model responses that warrant further study. Adaptation strategies proved beneficial under a current climate context, but showed diminished efficacy under future climate conditions. We recommend that future work focus on identifying the main sources of climate-crop model uncertainty, and that additional work may focus on more transformative adaptation measures.

Keywords

Adaptation, Climate Change, Crop Model, Climate Model, Maize.

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K. Bhuvaneswari ¹, Sibnath Deb ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN

Abstract

Children need to be cared for and protected for the formation of a robust nation. The rampant increase in incidence of child sexual abuse becomes a major apprehension for all stakeholders in society. Child sexual abuse is viewed as Progressive Social Disorder as there are many hurdles which the child, family and community find difficulty to come out from, which is augmented by recurrence of abuse on the same victim and on different victim by same offender or by different offender. The consequences of sexual abuse on the child include short-term and long-term impact on the developmental aspects of the child throughout their lifespan. A model for combating the disorder has been developed. Prevention, Justice and Rehabilitation entailing equal significance by stakeholders, is required towards creation of healthy and safe haven for the future of the nation.

Keywords

Child Sexual Abuse, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pocso Act, Progressive Social Disorder.

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B. S. Mrudula ¹, N. Kanakadurga Devi ¹, B. R. Madhavi ¹, V. L. Annapurna ¹, K. Bhuvaneswari ¹

Affiliations
1 K.V.S.R. Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayaawada-10, IN

Abstract

Vegetable nutrition improves the quality of life. Vegetables are very rich in nutrients and very low in calories. They are excellent source of vitamins, minerals, high fiber and healthy complex carbohydrates as well as antioxidants and phytonutrients which helps to reduce the overall risk of cancer and heart attacks. Here are some vegetables along with their vitamin and mineral contents. Eating healthy vegetables is essential to your optimum health and helps in keeping fit and maintaining a healthy balance.

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V. Geethalakshmi ¹, K. Bhuvaneswari ¹, A. Lakshmanan ¹, Nagothu Udaya Sekhar ²

Affiliations
1 Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
2 Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Fr. A. Dahlsvei 20, NO-1430 Ås, NO

Abstract

Impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO₂) enrichment on rice were assessed by carrying out an experiment with four dates of planting (1 June and 15 June, 1 and 15 July) during 2014 under two different environmental conditions, viz. ambient and modified (climate control chamber) with +4°C compared to the ambient temperature and CO₂ enrichment of 650 ppm. Crops grown under modified environment recorded reduced growth characters (leaf area index, dry matter production, number of tillers m^-2), lesser dry matter partitioning towards grain, yield attributes (number of productive tillers m^-2, number of filled grains panicle^-1) and lower grain yields compared to those grown under ambient condition. Crops subjected to elevated temperature and enriched CO₂ attained panicle initiation, flowering and maturity earlier than those under open ambient condition.

Keywords

Ambient and Modified Environment, Climate Change Impact, Elevated Temperature, Enriched Carbon Dioxide, Rice.

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R. Anand ¹, S. Kulothungan ², R. Dearsana ¹, K. Bhuvaneswari ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate and Research Department of Microbiology, Dr.N.G.P. College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College, Poondi, Tanjavur (T.N.), IN
3 Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Avinashilingam University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Biomonitors indicate the microbiological quality of water. Though E. coli is a microbiological indicator, it cannot be considered as a perfect one. In this regard, attempts for finding a new indicator of faecal pollution in place of E. coli was carried out by performing a comparative study between E. coli and Clostridium perfringens as faecal indicator in shrimp farms. The presence of these organisms was determined by evaluating the brackish water and shrimp samples from various areas of Cochin, using MPN technique. The effect of disinfectant chlorine was examined over these organisms which revealed the sensitive nature of E. coli. Clostridium perfringens was found to be highly resistant in comparison with E. coli and thus suggesting it as a better indicator of faecal contamination in brackish water to evaluate the microbial quality of shrimp farms than E. coli.

Keywords

Biomonitor, E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, Brackish Water, Shrimp, MPN Technique, Chlorine.

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Anarase Dattatray Arjun ¹, Shunmugam Ganapathy ¹, T. Pandiarajan ¹, K. Bhuvaneswari ², M. Duraisamy ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, AEC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
3 Department of Physical Sciences and Information Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Appeal of in-bin drying is that the same bin can be used for drying and temporary storage of grains at farm level. Successful adoption of in-bin drying method needs careful research on conditions under which it operates. Effect of process conditions such as inlet air temperature, rate of air flow and bed depth on drying characteristics of high moisture paddy at 25% (wet basis) in cylindrical drying bin was studied. An experimental cylindrical drying bin was fabricated with false floor arrangement. Three factors three levels Box-Behnken experimental design was used for conducting the drying experiments. In total 17 experiments were performed at three levels of temperatures (50, 60 and 70 °C), air flow rates (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 m³ s^-1m^-2) and bed depths (22.5, 33.75 and 45 cm). Five response variables were investigated in this study viz., drying uniformity in terms of moisture differential within drying bin, drying rate (kg kg^-1 h^-1), moisture ratio, head rice yield (%) and germination (%) of paddy. It was observed that moisture differential along the height of bed was highly affected by air flow rate and bed depth. Drying of high moisture paddy in bin dryer occurred in falling rate period and no constant rate period was observed. Drying temperature 70 °C resulted in reduced head rice yield (33.7%) and germination (74%) of paddy.

Keywords

High Moisture Paddy, In-Bin Drying, Process Conditions, Drying Characteristics.

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Veeramani Kathavarayan ¹, S. Avudainayagam ¹, K. Sara Parwin Banu ¹, N. Chandrasekharan ², S. Karthikeyan ³, K. Bhuvaneswari ⁴, P. T. Ramesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Department of Bioenergy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Abstract

Heavy metals and organic contaminants are reported in sewage discharged sites. Screening and assessment of their toxic concentration in soils of the discharged sites of major cities in Tamil Nadu, India have been carried out in the present study. The major cities included Coimbatore (Ukkadam; U), Madurai (Avanaiyapuram; A), Tiruchirappalli (Rettamalai; R), Nesapakkam (N) and Koyambedu (K) Chennai Corporation. The total aquaregia-extractable concentrations of cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel were measured and found to be highest in U, followed by A, R, N and K. Their potential bioavailabilities were quantified in the following order: Cd – N > U > K > R > A; Cr – N > A > K > R > U; Pb – N > K > R; U > A; Ni – N > K > R > U > A. Bioavailable Factor was found to be highest for Cd in U (2.9%–83%) followed by Cr in N (1.1%–62.3%) and Ni in (1.70%– 52.7%) N. With regard to organic contamination, the major pesticides belonged to 13 organochlorine, 10 organophosphate and 8 synthetic pyrethroids reported below detectable concentration. Among the 16 US EPA priority poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) only 15 were detected. However, PAHs were found to be less than the permissible concentration for soils (0.3 mg kg^–1) in sewage-contaminated sites. The results show that there is potential risk of transfer of heavy metals to higher trophic level of the food chain.

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Health Risk, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Sewage Contamination.

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C. Meenambigai ¹, K. Bhuvaneswari ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia 741 252, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Abstract

Based on the dissipation pattern and degradation kinetics study of pesticides in okra, the average initial deposit of dimethoate and acephate was comparatively higher than emamectin benzoate and flubendiamide. Acephate residues persisted much longer, while, emamectin benzoate persisted for a shorter time. Acephate metabolized to methamidophos on 1 day after treatment. Desido flubendiamide residues were not detected. Okra being harvested on alternate days, following a pre-harvest interval of 24 days after acephate application, is not possible. Thus, usage of acephate at the flowering stage in okra poses the risk of residue detection in the harvested produce. Following a pre-harvest interval of 3–11 days after spraying dimethoate, emamectin benzoate and flubendiamide are mandatory for the safe consumption of okra.

Keywords

Acephate, Dissipation, Dimethoate, Emamectin Benzoate, Half-Life, Okra.

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K. Bhuvaneswari , J. Kousika , P. Anuradha , V. Muralitharan , P. Karthik

Abstract

No Abstract.

Keywords

No Keywords.

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K. Bhuvaneswari ¹, J. Kousika ¹, P. Anuradha ¹, V. Muralitharan ¹, P. Karthik ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Abstract

Supervised field experiments were conducted to study the dissipation of ethion, chlorpyriphos, profenophos, carbendazim and cypermethrin in curry leaves. An analytical method was developed in line with the SANTE guideline on the method validation procedure for pesticide residue analysis. The validated method showed good recovery (70–120%) and repeatability (<20%). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined as 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg respectively, for all analytes, except cypermethrin (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg respectively). The mean initial deposit of pesticides analysed ranged from 9.53 to 93.92 mg/kg with a half-life of <8 days. Except for ethion, the dietary risk assessment for women, men and children was at an acceptable level.

Keywords

Curry Leaves, Dietary Risk, Dissipation, Method Validation, Processing Factor, Residue.

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