Informatics Publishing Limited

Jatinder Kaur ¹, Gurjot Singh Gaba ¹, Rajan Miglani ¹, Ruchi Pasricha ²

Affiliations
1 Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - 144411, Punjab, IN
2 Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh - 16001, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Routing in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an important area of research due to its rapidly increasing application in monitoring various kinds of environment by sensing physical phenomenon. The aim of this study is to increase the lifetime of the network. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Enhanced LEACH-R introduces the energy efficiency clustering algorithm for wireless sensor network which is based on Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy and removed some of the limitations of the LEACH-R protocol. In this protocol we considered the advance nodes and normal nodes both but the advance nodes have more energy than the normal nodes. Results: The proposed protocol is tested virtually in MATLAB tool. All the nodes are randomly deployed in the region 100*100 m2 and base station is located at the center position i.e. (50, 50). Enhanced LEACH-R protocol gives us the better result as compared to the LEACH-R protocol in terms of energy conservation. Conclusion: This protocol improves the regions of cluster based hierarchical process using heterogeneity parameters like selection of advanced nodes (m) and additional energy factor between normal and advance nodes (a). This protocol has increased the stability time for first dead node and correspondingly the lifetime of last dead node is also increased.

Keywords

Advance Nodes, Dead Nodes, Energy Consumption, Normal Nodes, Wireless Sensor Network

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Arun Gautam ¹, Gurjot Singh Gaba ¹, Rajan Miglani ¹, Ruchi Pasricha ²

Affiliations
1 Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - 144411, Punjab, IN
2 Chandigarh Engineering College, Mohali - 140307, Punjab, IN

Abstract

In cryptography, the security of any algorithm relies on the strength of the key used and nonlinear mapping of the original information or data. It is desirable to have resistance against differential cryptanalysis, which assists in providing clues about the composition of keys, and linear secret system, where a simple approximation is created to copy the original cipher characteristics. The objective of the proposed work is to make the existing cipher techniques more prone to cryptanalysis by incorporating the proposed S-box in the design. In this paper, the use of nonlinear functional chaos-based substitution process is proposed which employs a set of differential equations called Lorenz equations with given initial parameters. The performance of the new substitution box is evaluated through simulation and data analytics tool. During testing, it has been found that the proposed technique produces high Standard Deviation (112.84) and negative correlation factor (-0.161) which makes it applicable where security against cryptanalysis is a major concern.

Keywords

Chaotic Function, Cipher, Cryptanalysis, Lorenz System, Substitution Box

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Rupinder Kaur ¹, Paramdeep Singh ¹, Gurjot Singh Gaba ¹, Ruchi Pasricha ²

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Department, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - 144411, Punjab, IN
2 Electronics and Communication Department, Chandigarh Engineering College, Mohali -140307, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The proposed system introduces a Distributed Dynamic Source Routing (D-DSR) protocol to secure the network effectively which can inhibit the attacker from copying response of the packets. A multi-path secured routing scheme is used in the work. Reliability and performance of the protocol is measured through packet delivery ratio, attack prevention efficiency, path optimality and routing packet overhead. The results obtained exhibits high security and low false alarm rate.

Keywords

Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing, Distributed - DSR, Mobile Adhoc Networks, Performance Enhancement Routing

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Gurjot Singh Gaba ¹, Ruchi Pasricha ², Rajan Miglani ¹, Paramdeep Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - 144411, Punjab, IN
2 Chandigarh Engineering College, Mohali - 140307, Punja, IN

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large amount of nodes spread either arbitrarily or non-arbitrarily in the region of interest for sensing an event. The main constraint in WSN existence is the consumption of energy by tiny sensor node during operation. For increasing the lifetime of WSN, various clustering techniques have been evolved in the last decade. Energy Consumption by the node primarily depends upon the distance between nodes to Cluster Head (CH), CH to Base Station (BS) and the Length (L) of the packet being transmitted. It has been analyzed that combinations of two different techniques i.e. EECA-F and H-PEGASIS can solve variety of issues. In this paper, two techniques are combined together to form Hybrid Energy-Efficient Clustering Technique (HEECA). Results revealed that in HEECA mechanism, nodes consume 1.75J energy even after 80 rounds whereas in EECA-F the toll reaches 3J. On analyzing, it is found that clustering through HEECA protocol can save 41.7 percent energy in nodes thus making them live longer and eligible to be used in robust applications where replacing battery of a node is a tedious task.

Keywords

Clustering, Energy Conservation, LEACH, PEGASIS, Wireless Sensor Networks

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Sandeep Kumar Arora ¹, Gurjot Singh Gaba ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - 144411, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) consists of various independent nodes that work on wireless topology; so better Quality of Services (QoS) is required in these networks which can be achieved by selecting the optimal path. The selection of the optimal path between nodes is a fundamental issue that arisesin Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANETs). In order to reduce the latency, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and overhead, certain methods are advocated that improves the route efficiency by selection of the most stable path. The proposed work suggests a method where header node in each network is selected and the path with highest average sum of header number is elected as the optimal path. The study was conducted to analyze the performance of technique over existing techniques which revealed that the throughput of the system has been increased by a factor of 2 along with the increase of Packet delivery Ratio by 45.53%.

Keywords

Black Hole Attack, Link Failure, Maliciousnode, Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput

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Rakesh Kumar ¹, Gurinder Singh ¹, Gurjot Singh Gaba ²

Affiliations
1 Discipline of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ludhiana College of Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana - 141113, Punjab, IN
2 Discipline of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - 144411, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks finds it difficult to transfer equal amount of data through all nodes, and in minimizing the level of energy consumption during transmission of data. This paper is an improvement to LEACH protocol; suggested to increase the overall lifespan of the network. Formation of clusters is based upon distance of nodes from base station, number of neighbor nodes and distance among neighbor nodes. The cluster heads are selected on the basis of nodes holding maximum energy. We have proposed the concept of selecting the master cluster head from the elected cluster heads based on the strength of energy that CH nodes have and the distance from the Base station. Further, using this concept, the fused data from master CH are forwarded to the sink node. Proposed work reduces the frequency and length of data exchanged between the CHs and the Base station. Simulation results revealed that the proposed method reduces the consumption of energy by 46.85 percent and increases the lifespan of the network efficiently. The parameters for comparison are First Node Dead and Half Node Alive.

Keywords

Clustering, LEACH, Master Cluster Head, Network Lifetime, Sensor Nodes.

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