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Govindarajan Sumathy ¹, Bhaskaran Sathyapriya ¹, Balasubramanian Chandrakala ², Ramachandran Tamilsevi ³

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In dentistry field the inferior alveolar block technique is most common. The aim of this paper is to summaries the knowledge about the anatomy of the mandible and with the localization of anteroposterior and superoinferior position of the mandibular foramen in adult mandible and also to emphasize the most significant clinical suggestion of the current studies regarding anesthesia carried out in the area of the mandible.

Keywords

Mandible, Human Anatomy, Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block, Mandibular Foramen.

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S. Kanimozhi ¹, Govindarajan Sumathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Nicotine the major ingredient in Cigarette is said to have many adverse effects on Spermatozoa and its parameters and affects various other fertility factors. The damages caused by cigarette smoking are due to the biological finding that Nicotine increases the level of free radicals, which results in oxidative stress. These increased the free radicals which also causes DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in human sperm, thus resulting in impairment of sperm quality. Nicotine administration in experimental animals affect spermatogenesis, epididymal sperm count, motility and the fertilizing potential of sperms. A huge number of medicinal herbs have been listed in siddha system that improve spermatogenesis and increase the quality of sperm. This review provides an overview on the association between male fertility induced by nicotine and protective effects of various herbal plants against sperm damages.

Keywords

Nicotine, Tobacco, Male infertility, Free Radicals, Antioxidants, Testosterone.

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Arumugam Rajalakshmi ¹, Govindarajan Sumathy ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

gymnemasylvestre is a medicinal plant for the potential management of diabetes mellitus. The leaves are used in herbal medicinal preparation. phytochemical study shows its therapeutic value and for treating the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus⁽¹¹⁾.The present study deals with the ethanolic extraction from powdered leaves of gymnemasylvestre through the soxhlet apparatus carried out for 48 hours.the active phytochemical component of gymnemagenin and its antidiabetic and hypolipedemic property⁽⁶⁾ is tested by standard procedure. The chemical test such as thin layer chromatography shows the presence of gymnemicacid. isolation and quantification of the powdered leaves of gymnemasylvestre is revealed the presence of gymnemagenin⁽²⁾. Type 2 diabetes is confirmed with the values of fasting bloog glucose and c-peptide level.The ethanolic extract of gymnemasylvestre⁽¹⁴⁾with dose of 200mg/kg body weight and 400mg/kg is administered to low multiple dose 40mg/kg body weightstreptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes mellitus and the parameters of blood glucose,body weight are taken and it is compared to normal control group.The histopathogical study shows a significant changes in the recovery of pancreatic beta cell in the treatment of gymnemasylvestre⁽⁷⁾.The result indicates the component of gymnemic acid⁽⁵⁾ from gymnema sylvestre is useful in controlling the blood sugar level to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus in the earliest stage of disease.

Keywords

Gymnemasylvestre, Gymnemagenin, C-Peptide, Type 2 Diabetes, Pancreas.

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Bhaskaran Sathyapriya ¹, Govindarajan Sumathy ¹, Balasubramanian Chandrakala ¹, Jinu Merlin Koshy ², Jayamathi Govindaraj ³, Kesavaram Padmavathy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Xylene is a colorless liquid with the molecular formula C8H10. A flammable, non-explosive aromatic hydrocarbon, xylene consists of a benzene ring with two attached methyl groups. Xylene occurs naturally in petroleum and small amounts occur in gasoline and jet fuel. It is used in paints, inks, glues and other products. The population at large is expected to be exposed primarily to mixed xylenes, rather than to any of the xylene isomers individually. The general population can be exposed to xylene via inhalation of indoor and workplace air, automobile exhaust, tobacco smoke, xylene-containing solvents, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and dermal absorption of xylene containing products. Xylene is released primarily from industrial sources. The existence of hazards in the workplace has raised concerns about the potential of these substances for adverse effects.

Keywords

Xylene, Dyspnoea, Occupational.

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Arumugam Rajalakshmi ¹, Govindarajan Sumathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Gymnema sylvestre is a medicinal plant for the potential management of diabetes mellitus. The leaves are used in herbal medicinal preparation. The present study deals with the antidiabetic and hypolipedemic properties with ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaves. The result of the phytochemical study shows its therapeutic value and for treating the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

Gymnema Sylvestre, Glycosides, Hypoglycemic, Diabetes Mellitus.

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Govindarajan Sumathy ¹, Bhaskaran Sathyapriya ¹, Balasubramanian Chandrakala ¹, Jinu Merlin Koshy ², Jayamathi Govindaraj ³, Kesavaram Padmavathy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon known for its wide usage in tissue processing, staining and cover slipping in the histology laboratory. The hazards of xylene are well documented, making it a potential occupational hazard for the histopathological technicians. As every other profession became cautious of the occupational hazards, the very speciality that identifies the illnesses became one of the last to become aware and remedy its own hazards. This article aims to discuss the toxicity of xylene and safety measures to counteract the hazards of xylene.

Keywords

Toxicity of Xylene, Xylene Substitutes, Xylene.

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