Informatics Publishing Limited

Girish Sharma ¹, Rubiqua Bashir ¹, Nirmal Sharma ², Mahital Jamwal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Fruit Breeding and Genetic Resourses, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P., IN
2 Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

Medium quantum of genetic divergence was observed among sixteen apple genotypes under the present study. All the genotypes, on the basis of total variability were grouped into four distinct clusters. Maximum number of cultivars were accommodated in cluster IV (Fuji, Gala, Jonadel, Jonagold, Red Fuji, Royal Gala and Spijon) followed by cluster I (Arlet, Ruspippin, Sinta and Summerred), Cluster III (Crimson Gold, Elstar and Neomi) and cluster II ('Spartan' and 'Quinte'). Cluster IV had highest intra cluster value (9.32) so was most divergent and cluster I having least intra cluster value (8.20) was least divergent. Highest value (30.331) for inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and II while it was lowest (9.994) between cluster III and IV. Cluster means were maximum in cluster II followed by cluster I, cluster III and cluster IV. Neomi was best cultivars for fruit yield/plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, total sugars and non-reducing sugars, however, Jonagold was best for TSS. Cultivars Spartan, Elstar, Royal Gala, Jonagold and Summerred would prove best for different vegetative characters.

Keywords

Apple, Cluster analysis, D² statistics, Genetic divergence

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Mukesh Gupta ¹, Pramod Sharma ¹, Sandeep Varshney ¹, Rakesh Khandelwal ¹, Girish Sharma ¹, K. K. Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pediatrics, Regional Institute of Maternal and Child Health, S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur - 342 001, IN

Abstract

Human baby is born with a readymade food supply and breast feeding has, for ages, been considered natural and instinctive. Successful nursing depends upon the presence of a strongly motivated mother and father, a healthy suckling infant and an encouraging doctor. Although various factors affect a woman's decision to breast feed her baby, the inspiration and support provided by her husband plays a vital role.

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Manoj Singhal ¹, Girish Sharma ², R. K. Chauhan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, Accurate Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Computer Applications, Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies, New Delhi, IN
3 Departement of Computer Science and Applications, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, IN

Abstract

We know that binary decision diagram is a data structure that is used to store a Boolean function. They are used to find out the terminal reliability of a computer communication network. To generate the binary decision diagram of a given computer communication network, we need to order the edges of the given computer communication network because the size of the binary decision diagram is dependent on the ordering of the variables (edges). There are three types of variable ordering; optimal, good and bad ordering. Optimal ordering are those ordering which generate minimum size binary decision diagram. In this paper we have shown that if a directed computer communication network has m disjoints min-paths then m! optimal variable orderings exist to generate the binary decision diagrams of the given computer communication network.

Keywords

Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD), Computer communication Network (CNN), Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), Modified Binary Decision Diagrams (MBDD).

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Manoj Singhal ¹, R. K. Chauhan ², Girish Sharma ³

Affiliations
1 Dept. Of MCA, Academy of Business and Engineering Sciences, Ghaziabad (U.P.), IN
2 Deptt. of Computer Science and Applications, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, IN
3 Deptt. of MCA, Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies, Delhi, IN

Abstract

In this paper we adopted a new approach for evaluating the size of the BDD and also generated modified binary decision diagrams for calculating the reliability of the given directed computer communication network. We have also shown that these modified binary decision diagrams are of minimum size. Conclusively, we can say that more than one optimal variable ordering may exist for finding the reliability of particular networks.

Keywords

Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD), Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), Computer Communication Network (CNN), Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDD).

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Imtiyaz Murtaza ¹, Bushra ¹, Sageera Showkat ¹, Shah Ubaid-Ullah ², Omi Laila ¹, Sumyra Majid ¹, Neyiaz A. Dar ¹, Mukhtar Ahmad ³, Girish Sharma ⁴

Affiliations
1 Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Biochemistry Section, Division of Basic Sciences, SKUAST-K, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar 190 025, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 004, IN
3 RCRQ Laboratory, SKUAST-K, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar 190 025, IN
4 Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201 313, IN

Abstract

Among 1081 naturally occurring wild isolates exam-ined for E. coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens, EC1 (E. coli) from Dal Lake (Srinagar district) and PF1 (P. fluorescens) from soil samples of Ganderbal district showed maximum tolerance (11 mg/ml) towards chlorpyrifos. The high performance liquid chroma-tography (HPLC) based chlorpyrifos (CP) degrada-tion analysis demonstrated that each isolate degraded chlorpyrifos much more efficiently than the reference strain E. coli MTCC-533 used in the current study. The present study suggests that EC1 and PF1 bacteri-al isolates inhabiting different ecosystems, degrade chlorpyrifos efficiently via genetic determinants and OPP enzymatic system and provide strong basis for development of bioremediation strategies in the area.

Keywords

Bioremediation, Chlorpyrifos, E. coli, HPLC, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Resistance.

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