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Santosh Kumar Singh , Satish Kumar Verma , Md. Aslam Siddiqui , Devendra Singh , Brij Mohan Sharma

Abstract

Cyanobacteria are a group of diverse Gram-negative organisms that are one of the most primitive photosynthesizes. Attention is drawn towards the alterations in physlogical chances in cyanobacteria exposed to pesticides stress. Synechococcus cultures were exposed to various concentration of the herbicide hexazinone and the tolerant cyanobacteria were used to study the alterations in antioxidant activities, growth and lipid peroxidation levels. All parameters showed a high degree of susceptibility towards high doses of hexazinone. Recovered cyanobacteria showed lower MDA content and super oxide and peroxide radicals. The present findings suggested that high concentration of Hexazinone might modulate the antioxidative system of Synechococcus spp. A significant conclusion can be drawn from the findings that improved tolerance to herbicide stress may be accomplished by increased capacity of antioxidant system of cyanobacteria.

Keywords

Hexazinone, Ascorbate, Lipid Peroxidation, Active Oxygen Species

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Devendra Singh ¹, Manoj K. Joshi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Library and Information Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Since critical evaluation of information and its sources is one of the important topics in Information Literacy (IL). The present paper seeks to assess information evaluation skills among university students with respect to the Under Graduate (UG) and Post Graduate (PG) level; gender; and mode of education (regular and distance education). A five point scale, the Scale of Information Evaluation Skills (SIES) with 20 items, was prepared by the authors to assess these skills on the Internet (9 items); Books or other Print Material (7 items); and Newspapers (4 items). To identify significant differences between various groups of students, t-test was performed and its effect size has also been reported. Significant differences in the information evaluation skills were found between UG and PG level students; and between the students of regular and distance mode of education.

Keywords

Information Evaluation Skills, Information Literacy, Resource Evaluation, University Students.

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Devendra Singh ¹, D. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah 711 103, IN
2 Botanical Survey of India, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 064, IN

Abstract

The genus Ptilidium Nees was recorded for the first time from India by Mitten (1861), who described two species, viz. Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe, and P. trichophyllum Mitt. [now treated under a separate genus as Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dumort.] based on the specimens collected by Sir J.D. Hooker from Sikkim. In the present state of our knowledge the genus is represented world over by three species, viz. P. ciliare (L.) Hampe, P. pulcherrimum (G. Weber) Vainio and P. californicum (Austin) Pearson (Stotler & Crandall-Stotler, 2005), of which only P. ciliare was known from India (Mitten, 1861; Chopra, 1943; Parihar & al., 1994; Singh & al., 2008). In a recent exploration in North Sikkim, some interesting corticolous specimens of the genus were collected with undifferentiated stem cells, 3-4(-5)-lobed leaves with the dorsal lobe 6, 10 cells wide at base and the dorsal sinus descending up to 2/3, 4/5 of leaf length, hence distinct from P. ciliare. A subsequent literature review (Macvicar, 1926; Schuster 1966; Paton, 1999) revealed it to be Ptilidium pulcherrimum (G. Weber) Vainio, earlier known from China, Japan, Europe and North America. The same has been described and illustrated here to facilitate its easy identification in Indian flora.

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Devendra Singh ¹, Monalisa Dey ¹, D. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah 711 103, IN
2 Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 064, IN

Abstract

The flora includes 111 species and one variety belonging to 46 genera and 20 families of liverworts and seven species belonging to three genera in family Anthocerotaceae of the hornworts from Manipur. Of these 92 taxa (91 species and 01 variety) are recorded for the first time from the State of Manipur. Bazzania orientalis (Steph.) Parihar, is new to the Himalayan region, whereas Porella madagascariensis (Nees & Mont.) Trevis. and Phaeoceros kashyapii A.K. Asthana & S.C. Srivast are new to the East Himalayan bryo-geographical region.

Keywords

First Records, Liverworts, Hornworts, Manipur, Synoptic Key.

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Devendra Singh ¹, Monalisa Dey ¹, Gautam Kumar Upadhyay ¹

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah 711 103, IN

Abstract

The Little Andaman Island lies a little towards the south of the Great Andaman group (North, Middle and South Andaman) from which it is separated by the Duncan Passage and covers an area of 739 sq. km. It is separated from the Nicobars by the 10° (Ten Degree) Channel. The climate is warm and humid tropical with the temperature ranging between 20°-32° C. The island receives rainfall twice a year, between May-September from the Southwest monsoon and October-December from the Northeast monsoon, resulting in an average annual rainfall of 3000-3500 mm. The mean relative humidity is between 82-85% throughout the year (Banerjee & Guha Roy, 2002).

During a recent collection of liverworts from Little Andaman Island, an area which has not so far been investigated for its bryoflora, 12 species were collected belonging to family Lejeuneaceae (11 species) and Marchantiaceae (01) species. This includes Cololejeunea gottschei (Steph.) Mizut., Lejeunea anisophylla Mont, and Marchantia linearis Lehm. & Lindenb. As new records for the bryoflora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

All the specimens cited in the text have been deposited in the Cryptogamic section of the Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah (CAL).

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Devendra Singh ¹, Monalisa Dey ¹, D. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah - 711 103, IN
2 Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex, Salt Lake City, Kolkata - 700 064, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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M. S. Rawat ¹, D. P. Uniyal ¹, R. Dobhal ¹, Varun Joshi ², B. S. Rawat ³, Anil Bartwal ⁴, Devendra Singh ⁵, Ashok Aswal ⁵

Affiliations
1 Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology, Vigyan Dham Jhara, Dehradun 248 007, IN
2 Guru Govind Singh Indra Prastha University, Sector 16C, Dwaraka, New Delhi 110 078, IN
3 Dayanand Brijendra Swarup (PG) College, Dehradun 248 001, IN
4 Mandakini Hydropower Project, Phata 246 471, IN
5 Uttarakhand Space Application Centre, Vasant Vihar, Phase II, Dehradun 248 006, IN

Abstract

The Mandakini Valley of Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand witnessed unprecedented damage to life, property, infrastructure and landscape on 16 and 17 June 2013 due to torrential rains. Run-off discharge data indicate that antecedent rainfall exceeded the limit and the overflow of rivers led to landslide in the region and flash floods in the downstream areas. Fragile geology of the area, close to Main Central Thrust (MCT), degradation processes and torrential rains are responsible for triggering landslides and flash floods. A landslide inventory was carried out in the affected areas based on pre- and post-flood high resolution satellite data (LISS-IV and Cartosat-2). A total of 290 landslides were identified from pre-flood satellite LISS IV (2011) imagery and 1665 were identified in post-flood satellite imagery along major rivers. Using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques, thematic layers were generated. Using the weightage rating system, a landslide hazard zonation map of the area was prepared. Each class within a thematic layer was assigned an ordinal rating from 1 to 9. Summation of these attribute values was then multiplied by the corresponding weights to yield different zones of landslide hazard. A landslide hazard zonation map having five different zones ranging from very low hazard zone to very high hazard zone was prepared with the objective to create a reliable database for post-disaster management and for planning developmental activities in the district.

Keywords

Flash Floods, Landslide Hazard Zonation, Satellite Data, Thematic Layers.

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Devendra Singh ¹, D. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah -711103, IN
2 Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex 3^rd MSO Building, Block F (5^th floor), Salt Lake Sector I, Kolkata -700 064, IN

Abstract

Metzgeria macrospora is found taxonomically distinct from M. consanguinea Schiffn. A detailed description and illustration including SEM study of spores has been provided and its taxonomic status is discussed.

Keywords

Metzgeria macrospora, Metzgeriaceae, Rediscovery, Taxonomic status.

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Devendra Singh ¹, D. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah-711103, IN
2 Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex, 3^rd MSO Building, Block F (5^th floor), Salt Lake Sector I, Kolkata-700 064, IN

Abstract

Seven species of liverworts of the family Lejeuneaceae have been recorded from Sikkim, India. Of these, Acrolejeunea pusilla (Steph.) Grolle & Gradst. and Cololejeunea pluridentata P.C.Wu & J.S.Lou are new to India and Cololejeunea ceratilobula (P.C. Chen) R.M. Schust., C chenii Tixier, C. nilgiriensis, G. Asthana & S.C. Srivast, C. serrulata Steph. and Lejeunea bidentula Herzog are new to the State of Sikkim.

Keywords

Liverworts, Lejeuneaceae, New records, Sikkim, India.

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D. K. Singh ¹, Shuvadeep Majumdar ¹, Devendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex, 3^rd MSO Building, Block F (5^th floor) Salt Lake Sector I, Kolkata - 700 064, IN

Abstract

Cheilolejeunea osumiensis (S.Hatt.) Mizut., earlier known from China and Japan, has been described and illustrated for the first time in Indian bryoflora from Anjaw district of Arunachal Pradesh and South district of Sikkim.

Keywords

Arunachal Pradesh, Cheilolejeunea osumiensis, India, New Record, Sikkim.

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Devendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah – 711103, IN

Abstract

Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. is recorded for the first time in Indian bryoflora from Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Diversity and distributional relationship and a key to the Indian taxa of the genus is also provided.

Keywords

Thysananthus fruticosus, India, New Record, Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

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Sudipta Kumar Das ¹, Devendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Cryptogamic Unit, Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah 711 103, IN

Abstract

The Larsemann Hills (60°20'-60°30'S, 75°55'-76°30'E), is an ice-free coastal oasis of 50 km², located approximately halfway between the Vestfold Hills and the Amery Ice Shelf on the southeastern coast of Prydz Bay, Princess Elizabeth land, East Antarctica, bordered by two main peninsulas, Broknes and Stornes and several islands. It is the second largest of only four major ice-free oases. A congenial microclimate along with adequate freshwater during summer provide a hospitable environment for the aquatic as well as terrestrial biota.

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Vivek Dubey ¹, Md. Saquib Alam ¹, Devendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), IN

Abstract

Bihar has always played its role to meet the goals of National Food Security since time immemorial. A major emphasis was laid towards production of cereals, oilseeds, cash crops, etc. Unfortunately it lagged in pulse production although the geotopographical situation is favourable for almost all pulses grown in the country. This article provides the reasons for such constraint and possible remedies and solution based on current scenario prevailing in the state.

Keywords

Constraint, Management, Productivity, Pulses.

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Manish Borana ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The results of experiment reveal that pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30 DAS resulted the lowest density of monocot (3.41m^-2), dicot (3.15m^-2) and total weeds (4.59m^-2) 50DAS compared to weedy check (6.80, 6.01 and 9.05am^-2), respectively. Integration of pre-emergence herbicides with hand weeding or their sequential use with post-emergence herbicides was found significantly superior in controlling the weed density 50DAS compared to their corresponding application alone. All the weed control treatments were also found significantly superior in reducing dry matter of monocot; dicot and total weeds compared to weedy check 75DAS. Minimum total weed dry matter 75DAS was observed under weed free (146kg ha^-1) closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS (431.7kg ha^-1) compared to weedy check (1884.5kg ha^-1). Weed control efficiency 75DAS observed maximum under weed free treatment in which crop was kept weed free upto 50 days (92.18%) which is closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS (76.96%) and weed index was also recorded the lowest under pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS (3.17%). Uptake of N and P by weeds at harvest was found significantly lower with all the weed control treatments compared to weedy check. The minimum uptake of N (2.78kg ha^-1) and P (0.40kg ha^-1) was recorded with weed free treatment closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS with the respective uptake values as 8.17 and 1.18kg ha^-1. All the weed control treatments significantly tended to increase plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches plant^-1 and leaf area of soybean over weedy check. Weed free treatment recorded the highest plant dry matter (32.20g plant^-1) at harvest closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS (31.05g plant^-1) and two hand weeding (30.65g plant^-1). Weed free treatment recorded maximum number of branch plant^-1, number of pods plant^-1, pod length and seed index which was closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS and these treatments were found statistically at par to each other in this regard. Weed free upto 50 days treatment resulted in maximum seed yield (1421kg ha^-1) which was statistically at par with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30 DAS (1376kg ha^-1) and two hand weeding 15 and 30DAS (1321kg ha^-1). A like seed yield, haulm yield (3100kg ha^-1), biological yield (4521kg ha^-1) and harvest index (31.43%) were also recorded maximum under weed free treatment which were closely followed by pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 PE + hand weeding 30DAS. The maximum uptake of total nitrogen (143.78kg ha^-1) and phosphorus (15.63kg ha^-1) by the crop was significantly more in weed free check closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS and these treatments were found statistically at par to each other in this regard and the minimum being recorded under weedy check with the respective value of 52.32 and 5.64kg ha^-1. Both net return (Rs.29508 ha^-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.38) were also obtained maximum under pre-emergent pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS closely followed by two hand weeding 15 and 30DAS with the respective net return and BC ratio of Rs. 27244 and 2.26.

Keywords

CGR, RGR, LAI, NAR, DAS.

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Rajendra Manda ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment consisted of 9 treatments viz., T₀ (DBW-17), T₁ (Raj 3077), T₂ (HD 2967), T₃ (Lok-1), T₄ (Raj 1482), T₅ (Raj 4120), T₆ (K-65) T₇ (HD 2967), T₈(PBW-343) laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The study showed that Lok-1 variety gave highest grain yield (2.76t ha^-1), harvest index (31.15%), highest net income (Rs. 110,000.7 ha^-1) and benefit: cost (3.74) then the rest of the varieties. The plant height was found to be the highest under the treatment T₃ (Lok-1) at 30, 60 and 90DAS the differences were statistically significant. Treatment T₁ (Raj 3077) recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers per meter square than all the other treatments, while the lowest number of effective tillers per meter squarewas recorded for the treatment T₃ (Lok-1). The spike length was recorded to be highest under the treatment T₃ (Lok-1) which was significantly higher than all these other treatments, while the lowest spike length was recorded under the treatment T₅ (Raj 4120). Number of grains spike^-1 was recorded to be highest under the treatment T₆ (K-65), while the lowest grains spike^-1 was recorded under the treatment T₀ (DBW-17). Treatment T₂ (HD2967) recorded significantly higher test weight than all the other treatments, while the lowest test weight was recorded under the treatment T₈ (PBW-343). The highest grain yield was recorded under the treatment T₃ (Lok-1), while the lowest grain yield was recorded in treatment T₀ (DBW-343) and the differences were statistically non-significant.

Keywords

CGR, MOP, RGR, SSR, Harvest Index, NS.

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Mohammad Sabir ¹, Devendra Singh ², Bhanwar Lal Jat ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Genotypic and phenotypic co-efficients of variation were high for average weight of clove, yield per plant, cloves per bulb and plant height. Width of clove, plant height and length of leaves, yield per plant, cloves per bulb, average weight of clove exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean. These characters are governed by additive gene effects. It was also concluded that selection on the basis of these characters will be more useful for the improvement of this crop towards attaining higher yield. Correlation co-efficient studies showed that phenotypic correlation co-efficients are higher than genotypic correlation which indicates the inherent association among the characters dependent of environment influence. Yield per plant had a positive and highly significant correlation with plant height, length of leaves, average weight of clove, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and clove/bulb which implies that these characters were contributing to bulb weight and bulb yield/plant. All the combination of traits should be considered while selecting for high yielding genotypes. Improvement of bulb weight per plant may be achieved by exercising direct selection of plant height, length of leaves, weight of cloves, equatorial diameter of bulb, clove weight, number of cloves per bulb, polar diameter of bulb and clove length as these exhibited significant positive direct effect on bulb weight per plant coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Characters had correlation co-efficient value at par with their direct effect on bulb yield per hectare. In Mahalanobis D² analysis, On the basis of Mahalanobis D² values, all the 27 genotypes were grouped under study were grouped into six clusters. Cluster III (8), cluster V (6) and cluster VI (6) contained maximum number of genotypes and cluster I (4) and cluster II (2) comprising minimum number of genotypes and cluster IV contained single genotype.

Keywords

PCR, SSR, Cluster, EDB, Genotype, Phenotype.

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Sudipta Kumar Das ¹, Devendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, West Bengal – 711 103, IN

Abstract

Cryptoendolithic microbial communities represent a significant microecosystem in Antarctica. Lichens, fungi and algae are the integral components of this biome. In the present communication a cryptoendolithic cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis is reported from the bed rock of Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica.

Keywords

Antarctica, Chroococcidiopsis, Cyanobacterium, Larsemann Hills.

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Shubham Shukla ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Birbal Bairwa ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Brinjal or eggplant or aubergine, Solanum melongena L. is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in India and other parts of the world. It is highly cosmopolitan and popular vegetable grown as poor man’s crop in India. Brinjal, being a native to India has great variability existing in the country. However, it is highly infested by shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen., an obnoxious pest causing fruit damage upto 92.5 per cent. The pest is very active during the summer and rainy season and often causes more than 90 per cent damage. Pesticide application is not the only solution of managing the pest as repeated use of pesticide leads to health hazards, destruction of beneficial insects, pest resurgence and environmental pollution. Thus, in order to develop varieties resistant to this pest we need to know the biophysical and biochemical traits that often result intolerance mechanism. Thirty six diverse brinjal genotypes were grown in RBD with three replications at the Vegetable Research Farm, BAC, Sabour during spring-summer season of 2015-16 and morphological and biochemical studies were performed to accomplish these objectives. The findings revealed that sufficient genetic variability was present among the genotypes which provide ample scope for selection of promising genotypes under study. Shoot borer infestation was least in pusa purple cluster (3.28%) followed by BRBR-01 while fruit borer infestation percentage by both number and weight was least in BRBL-01. Pusa purple long was the highest yielder (1100.02g/plant) followed by BRBL-01 (1046.38g/plant). The morphological characters such as average fruit weight, fruit/plant, yield/plant, shoot borer infestation and fruit borer infestation percentage by number possessed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. All the biochemical characters except leaf chlorophyll and ascorbic acid exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Therefore, selection will be more effective for these characters since they are highly heritable and easily fixable due to additive gene effect. D2 cluster analysis grouped the thirty genotypes into 7 clusters. The inter and intra cluster distance between the genotypes under study indicate the existence of higher level of genetic divergence among them. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III (comprising of BRBL-01) and cluster IV and intra cluster distance was observed within cluster IV which suggest that hybridization between the members of these clusters may lead to creation of higher variability and heterosis. Total fruit anthocyanin had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence (27%), followed by fruit borer infestation percentage by weight (21%), fruit borer infestation percentage by number (18%), polyphenol oxidase activity (15%), leaf anthocyanin (8%), yield/plant (6%) and number of fruits/plant (4%). Trichome density showed highly significant negative correlation with shoot infestation also days to first flowering and 50 per cent flowering exhibited significant negative correlation with shoot infestation and fruit infestation by weight. Days to first flowering and fruit length showed significant and positive correlation with fruit yield/plant. So selection for these two characters can be rewarding for yield and quality improvement in brinjal. Fruit weight and trichome density possessed high direct effect and hence direct selection for these characters can be rewarding for yield and pest resistance improvement. Total phenol content of fruit exerted highly significant and negative correlation with fruit borer infestation by weight and fruit borer infestation percentage by number. So selection for these traits can lead to quality improvement, particularly for pest resistance. The genotypes BRBL-01, pusa purple long, pusa purple cluster and BRBL-04 have been found to be high yielders as well as possessing moderate resistance towards fruit and shoot borer besides having good biochemical properties that may be effective in imparting the resistant trait in the genotypes. Therefore, these superior genotypes may be used in future breeding programme for improvement of yield and especially quality.

Keywords

GCV, PCV, DFF, Cluster, Solanum melongena.

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Rohit Kumar ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajsthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment consisting of 2 intercropping patterns, 3 methods of fertilizer application, 2 nitrogen doses in maize along with 2 sole crop treatments in n +2 Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications was conducted at Bhagwant University during the Kharif 2016. The results revealed that planting patterns remained statistically equal with respect to cob yield, grain yield and yield attributes viz., cob length, cob girth and number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per row and number of grains per cob. Furrow application of fertilizers recorded significantly higher cob length, higher number of grains per cob, number of grain per row, cob yield and grain yield than broadcast but remained at par with side placement. Between nitrogen doses, 100 per cent recommended nitrogen recorded significantly higher cob length, number of grains per row, number of grain per cob, cob yield and grain yields than 75 per cent. Significantly more grain yield of intercropped urdbean was obtained in under paired row planting method than normal planting. Grain yield of urdbean did not vary significantly due to N fertilization and different methods of fertilizer application in maize. Maize grain equivalent yield was found significantly higher in paired row system than normal planting. Different methods of fertilizer application and N dose did not produce significant variations in MGEY. Intercropping of maize showed significantly more MGEY than sole cropping. Intercropping of urdbean in between paired row maize gave significantly higher gross and net returns than normal planting. Method of fertilizer application and dose of nitrogen did not cause significant variation in monetary advantage. Maize may be fertilized with 75 per cent recommended dose of nitrogen in association with legumes. Furrow placement of fertilizers is superior to other methods.

Keywords

DAP, DAS, LAI, RBD, MGEY.

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Anchal Chasta ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The results of the present investigation indicate that vermicompost of water hyacinth and coconut leaf showed almost similar pH level (6.81 and 6.92) by Jackson method but it showed higher value in FCO method. Electrical conductivity resulted similar trend for both methods. CEC value for both vermicompost was 74.20 and 72.60cmol kg^-1. Organic carbon content in water hyacinth vermicompost was 23.1 per cent and in coconut leaf vermicompost 22.5 per cent. Maximum water holding capacity was much higher (213.90 and 226.2%). Available form of N, P, K, S, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe found very less content with respect to total content except K and Na content in both types of vermicompost. Water hyacinth vermicompost also contains higher values of dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass carbon content and lower value of urease enzyme activity. Results represented that water hyacinth vermicompost is better in quality than coconut vermicompost with respect to microbial activity. Changes of available nitrogen content over different stages of growth of cauliflower resulted maximum release at 10^th day in T6 (168.16mg kg^-1) which was 49.38 per cent over control followed by T₅ (157.48mg kg^-1), T₄ (151.95mg kg^-1), T₂ (137.40mg kg^-1), T₃ (127.48mg kg^-1) and T₁ (112.57mg kg^-1). But changes of its content in soil through incubation study over the period showed maximum release at different dates under different treatments.

Keywords

Vermicompost, Electrical Conductivity, Cation Exchange Capacity, Micro-Nutrients, PSB.

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Tekchand Chhaba ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Plant height and number of primary and secondary branches at different crop growth stages were not affected significantly due to different nutrient levels, however exhibited some improvement over control. Dry matter accumulation by individual plant increased with advancement in cropage till harvest. The highest dry matter accumulation were recorded at 100% NPK+S @ 40 kg/ha treatment. 100% NPK+FYM @ 2.5 t/ha (dry weight) and 100%NPK+ZnSO₄ @ 25 kg/ha ranked second and third, respectively in dry matter accumulation after 100% NPK+S @ 40 kg/ha. Days taken to 50% flowering and 80% maturity remained unaffected by different nutrient application levels. 100% NPK+S @ 40 kg/ha recorded significantly higher number of total branches at harvest than remaining treatments. 100% NPK+Borax @ 0.2% (foliar) and 100% NPK+FYM @ 2.5 t/ha (dry weight) recorded next higher to values 100% NPK+S @ 40 kg/ha. Yield attributes viz. number of siliquae per plant, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed weight per plant were affected significantly due to different nutrient levels. 150% NPK recorded higher number of siliquae per plant, higher number of seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed weight per plant. 150% NPK recorded significantly higher values of seed, stover and biological yield per hectare than remaining treatments. This treatment was followed by 100% NPK+FYM @ 2.5 t/ha (dry weight). Harvest index did not differ significantly under different nutrient levels. The nutrients (N, P and K) concentration in seed and stover remained unaffected by different nutrient levels.The nutrients (N, P and K) uptake by seed, stover and crop was recorded maximum at 150% NPK. The protein content in seed was found non-significant under different nutrient levels. However, it was recorded maximum at 100% NP treatment. The protein yield was found maximum at 150% NPK. The oil content in seed was found non-significant under different nutrient levels. Oil yield in seed was recorded maximum at 150% NPK. The maximum net returns and gross return were recorded at 150% NPK. Highest return per rupee invested was recorded at 150% NPK which was followed by 50% NPK. However, the lowest return per rupee invested was recorded in control condition.

Keywords

Borax, FYM, NPK, Plant Height, DAS.

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Govind Parashar ¹, Devendra Singh ², Bhanwar Lal Jat ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Drip system can control the rate of water application to achieve application efficiency as high as 92-95%. It is also excellent for soil with higher infiltration rates. In conventional way of nutrient management, the P and K are applied as basal. However, the demand for these two macro-nutrients remains high during the entire growing season. Splitting of K was more beneficial than applying full K at time of planting in soybean. Maize is one of the crop that responses well to phosphatic fertilizers in almost all the soil types. Phosphorus plays vital role in plant nutrition. The deficiency of phosphorus in soil severely limits ischolar_main and shoot growth and thereby affecting the yield. The experiment consisting of 3 irrigation regimes (100% CPE, 80% CPE and 60% CPE), 2 fertilizer dose (75% RDF and 100% RDF), 2 PK splitting (equal and 70/30) along with 2 control treatments (flood IW: CPE 0.8 with mulch and flood IW:CPE 1.0) was laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications. From findings of present investigation based on cob weight without husk it can be inferred that spring maize in sandy loam soil should be irrigated at 80% CPE. It should be fertilized at 90:45:30 N, P₂O₅, K₂O kg/ha with PK application as 70% upto tasseling and 30% thereafter.

Keywords

CPE, RDF, PK,LAI, NPK.

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Ravi Shanker Meena ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The objectives were to study the appropriate sorghum fodder variety for this zone, work out the optimum fertility level for test genotypes and to study the economically viable treatment. Soil of experimental field was calcareous in nature, medium in available nitrogen (272.00), phosphorus (21.69) and high in available potassium (284.60). The experiment consisted of 24 treatment combinations comprising four levels of fertility (50, 75, 100 and 125% RDF) and six varieties (SPV-2185, SPV-2191, CSV-21F, HC- 308, CSV-30F and PC-1080) laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The result showed that among the genotypes, SPV-2185 produced maximum plant height, DMA at 25, 50DAS and at harvest, stem girth and number of leaves plant^-1 at harvest, green and dry fodder yield, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre mineral ash content and TDN in fodder. This genotype also estimated significantly gross and net returns over rest of the genotypes. However, maximum HCN content at 25 and 50DAS, organic carbon, available P and K status in soil after harvest with variety SPV-2191. Genotype CSV-21F produced maximum nitrogen status in soil. An application of 125% RDF recorded maximum plant height, stem girth, number of leaves at harvest, dry matter accumulation at various growth stages, green fodder and dry fodder yield, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, mineral ash content, TDN, HCN at 25 and 50 DAS, available organic carbon nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in soil after harvest over lower doses in all the above parameters. Highest nitrogen free extract were obtained under 50% RDF while, the lowest being recorded fewer than 125% RDF. In case of gross return, net return and B:C ratio with application of 125% RDF recorded significantly higher over 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF.

Keywords

DMA, TDN, HCN, SPV-2191, CSV-21F.

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Devendra Singh

Abstract

1. Dr. S. Chatterjee of ISI:What should be the economy in cost if one pipe system is adopted in place of Conventional one?
AUTHOR: In my paper I have already stated that the economy in multi storeyed buildings shall be 15% to 20%. "One Pipe System is not economical for small houses. Further if "ONE STACK system is adopted" the saving shall be more than 35%.

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Devendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 N. D. M. C., Bombay, IN

Abstract

In India Public Health Engineering has been considered as one of the chapters of Civil Engineering. Hence no research and thought of scientific designing was given to Public Health Engineering. Whereas in foreign countries especially in America much research was being conducted in Public Health Engineering when after carriage system came into general use early in the last century many of the precautions to be found in drainage were not taken.

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D. K. Singh ¹, Shuvadeep Majumdar ², Devendra Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata 700 064, IN
2 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah 711 103, IN

Abstract

A new genus and species of liverwort, Udaria lamellicaulis gen. & sp. nov., referable to the family Lophocoleaceae is described from Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim in Eastern Himalaya, India. The new taxon can be easily differentiated from hitherto all the known genera of the family in the presence of longitudinal, 1-12 cells high seriately arranged lamelliform strips on the surface of stem, leaves and female bracts, striolate-rugulose leaf cuticle, rhizoids arising from the lamina of underleaves, gynoecia with 1-2 subfloral innovations and gemmiparous female bracts and bracteoles.

Keywords

Bryophytes, Eastern Himalaya, Liverwort, Marchantiophyta, New Genus and Species, Udaria lamellicaulis.

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Chaturvedi D. K. ¹, Devendra Singh ², Vikas Pratap Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra-282110, IN
2 M.Tech. Student in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra-282100, IN
3 Vikas Pratap singh, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore and IIT Jodhpur, IN

Abstract

A variety of fan faults occur in our day to day life such as electrical faults(winding faults), mechanical faults (broken rotor bars, eccentricity, bearing faults) etc. To detect the fault, many motor variables may be taken such as current, voltage, speed, sound, temperature and vibrations, so that the preventive action may be taken before the occurrence of faults in the fan. Current signature is useful for finding electrical faults such as stator faults etc. and acoustic signature is useful for finding mechanical faults such as rotor faults etc. In this paper, the on line current, voltage, rpm and temperature reading of faulty fan and healthy fan are recorded. These recorded signals are used to train a neural network so that it is able to detect the fault.

Keywords

Wavelet, ANN, Ceiling Fan, Fault detection

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Shweta Anand ¹, Abhisek Choudhary ¹, Sunil Boghia ¹, Rahul Swarnkar ¹, Devendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur (RAJUVAS) – 313601, Rajasthan,, IN

Abstract

The study was carried out to investigate efficacy of fenugreek against general toxicity induced by sub acute exposure of thiacloprid in rats. Wistar rats were divided in four groups having six rats in each group. Group I served as control (corn oil administered as vehicle). Group II served as thiacloprid treated group (@ 22.5 mg/kg b.wt. orally), in Group III (experimental group) thiacloprid along with fenugreek extract (@500 mg/kg.b.wt.orally) and in case of Group IV (experimental group) fenugreek seeds extract (@500 mg/kg.b.wt.orally)were administered. The thiacloprid treated groups showed clinical signs viz lacrimation, piloerection, diarrhoea and dyspnea and significantly decreased absolute and relative body weight, higher relative liver and kidney weight, decreased relative spleen weight and altered hemo-biochemical profile. Fenugreek treatment showed improvement in absolute and relative body weight and organ weight and hemo-biochemical profile. The ethanolic extract of fenugreek has the potential to restore the general toxicity, serum biochemical and hematological parameters caused by sub-acute thiacloprid toxicity.

Keywords

Fenugreek, Rats, Sub-acute Toxicity, Thiacloprid.

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Manila Gupta ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhumika Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh., IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand., IN

Abstract

This work introduces a method that focuses on enhancing resource allocation in cloud computing environments by considering Quality of Service (QoS) factors. Since resource allocation plays a crucial role in determining the QoS of cloud services, it is important to consider indicators like response time, throughput, waiting time, and makespan. The primary difficulty in cloud computing lies in resource allocation, which can be tackled by proposing a novel algorithm known as Modified Fire Hawks Gazelle Optimization (MFHGO). The proposed approach involves the hybridization of the modified fire hawks algorithm with gazelle optimization to facilitate efficient resource allocation. It aims to optimize several objectives, such as resource utilization, degree of imbalance, completion time, throughput, relative error, and response time. To achieve this, an optimal resource allocation is achieved using the Partitioning around K-medoids (PAKM) clustering approach. The proposed model extends the K-means clustering method. For simulation purposes, the GWA-T-12 Bitbrains dataset is utilized, while the JAVA tool is employed for exploratory analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed resource allocation and clustering approach is demonstrated by comparing it with existing schemes. The proposed work's makespan is 1.45 seconds for 50 tasks, 3.6 seconds for 100 tasks, 3.67 seconds for 150 tasks, and 5.34 seconds for 200 jobs. As a result, the proposed model achieves the smallest makespan value when compared to the previous approaches. The proposed work yielded response times of 105ms for a task length of 100, 376ms for 200, 555ms for 300, 624ms for 400, and 1014ms for 500. These results indicate that the proposed model outperforms current approaches by achieving a faster response time and also attains a bandwidth utilization of 0.80%, 0.90%, and 0.97% for 4, 6, and 16 tasks, respectively, indicating better bandwidth utilization than the other approaches.

Keywords

Cloud Computing, Resource Allocation, Throughput, Response Time, Bandwidth Utilization, Time Consumption, Resource Utilization.

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