Informatics Publishing Limited

Deepak Khare ¹, Arun Mondal ¹, Prabash Kumar Mishra ¹, Sananda Kundu ¹, Pramod Kumar Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Water Resources Development & Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667 (U.A.), IN

Abstract

Drainage pattern study utilizing Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) has proved to be an efficient and quick tool, nowadays, for water resources planning, conservation and management. In the present study morphological features of 'Bhilanganga' drainage basin are being extracted utilizing satellite imagery and analyzed for assessing the drainage pattern and identifying priority sub-basins for conservation measures as well. The basin morphometric parameters such as linear and aerial aspects were determined and computed using ArcInfo software. The region is a part of Uttarakhand state of India, a hilly catchment in the lower Himalayan range covering an area of 1465.38 km2. The area extends from 30o19'41"N to 30o52'42"N latitude and from 78o29'13"E to 79o2'9"E longitude. The entire area is sub-divided into eight sub-basins ranging in area from 91.91 km2 to 465.29 km2. The pattern of drainage in the area is dendritic to sub-dendritic and the stream ordering ranges from order I to VII. The drainage density indicates a coarser drainage ranging from 1.68 to 2.34 km/km2. The entire area is the normal basin category as observed from the bifurcation ratio. The RS and GIS techniques have proven to be very useful in this case of morphometric analysis, as the study area is a hilly catchment located in a difficult terrain.

Keywords

Bhilanganga Sub-basin, Bifurcation Ratio, Drainage Density, Gis, Morphometry, Remote Sensing

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Pramod Kumar Meena ¹, Deepak Khare ¹, Rituraj Shukla ¹, P. K. Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, IN

Abstract

Land use change is occurring rapidly and it has huge impact on the local climate. The study area includes 17 mega cities located within 25°18'00''N to 34°5'24"N of India. The current study is based on trend of historical rainfall which is analyzed by Mann-Kendall method using monthly rainfall data (1901-2011). Before using this method, pre-whitening method was applied for removing the error from the data. Sen's Slope estimator is used to derive the magnitude of the data. Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) was used for identifying the break point of the data series. Finally true slope of an existing trend and variance of the residuals was calculated for all selected cities using Sen's method. Increasing trend has been found in Jaipur, Jodhpur, Faridabad, Meerut, Ghaziabad, Delhi, Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Srinagar whereas, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, Kanpur, Gwalior, Agra shows decreasing trend. No trend is observed in Kota. Monsoon season depicted decrease in the rainfall magnitude in most of the regions of north India. This result is extremely significant as monsoon rainfall serves the major water demand for agriculture and water resources. Change Percentage for 111 years had shown rainfall variability throughout North India centre's with the highest increase in Delhi centre's (32.43 %) and decrease in Patna centre's (−16.22 %) annually.

Keywords

Mann-Kendall, Mega Cities, Pre-Whitening Method, Rate of Change, Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT).

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Deepak Khare ¹, Leki Dorji ¹, Arun Mondal ¹, Sananda Kundu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee - 247667, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

In recent decades, there are notable impacts of climate change on the glacial lakes in the Himalayan region. Therefore, the glacial lakes are expanding due to melting of the glaciers. The current study has been adapted to observe the changing pattern of glacial lakes during 1990 to 2009, which are located in the glacier mountain in Bhutan. The identification of the actual area of the lakes has been done using satellite imagery (Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+) by digitization after application of the correction methods (geometrical and radiometrical) on raw satellite images. The satellite images are utilized for the time periods of 1990, 2001, 2007 and 2009 for this study. The lake volume has been calculated using a glacial lake area and Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Finally, changes in the volume of lakes have been observed from 1990 to 2009. The highest increment of lake volume is found in the Luggye (45%) and Thorthormi (27%), while the lowest is observed in the Thorthormi-4 (1%). Overall, the highest expansion rate of glacial lakes is found in the Thorthormi-1 and Luggye around 0.036 km2/year and the smallest were Thorthormi-2 and Thorthormi-3 around 0.005 km2/year respectively. Higher extent (area and volume) of glacial lakes should be taken care to avoid the damage due to potential bursting.

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Sakshi Gupta ¹, Deepak Khare ¹, Nitin Mishra ²

Affiliations
1 Department of WRD & M, IIT, Haridwar Highway, Roorkee - 247667,Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, GEU, Clement Town, Dehradun - 248002, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The main objective behind this experimentation is to find the suitability of roof-top harvested rainwater with respect to its quality and to know about any changes that may occur in the parameters of the stored water and are essential to know before using it as potable water and to know about the different storage methodologies. The present study attempts to analyze the condition of rainwater harvested from the roof-tops so as to use that water as a source of drinking water. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: Rain water quality is an important factor which governs its suitability for potable use. But due to a rapid boost in the development particularly industries the rainwater trait is depreciating. For carrying out this study the rainwater was collected from the top of roofs and has been analyzed for a sanguine span to figure out its trait in consonance with the parameters for the potable water as given in Indian Standards on reserving for future with regard to time. The rainfall was collected from the dual contrasting locations from the concerned area under study i.e., Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee campus, India based on the material of downpipe, surroundings of roof material and deviating levels of pollutants in atmosphere owing to the traffic load of the area and was stored under different materials to analyze for its quality through different quality tests on the various physical and chemical parameters. Findings: The experiment will result into finding of an appropriate approach regarding efficient roof-top rainwater harvesting and also the correct technique for the stashing of the rainfall gathered as well as to throw light on the aspects of temperature and material amidst time. Applications/Improvement: The similar experimentation can be carried out at other places as well with more locations for more diversity in the results attributing to the surroundings etc. to get a clearer and precise view about the roof-top harvested rainwater quality.

Keywords

Microbiological Quality, Polyethylene Container, Potable Water, Rainwater Quality, Roof-top.

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Vipul Thakur ¹, Dheeraj Mandloi ², Deepak Khare ³, Shailesh Gupta ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., IN
2 Department of Applied Science, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., IN
3 Department of Chemistry, L.N.C.T., Indore, M.P., IN
4 Department of Chemistry, Govt. Polytechnic College, Naogawan, Chattarpur, M.P., IN

Abstract

In the Refractories world three decades ago, very few people were acquainted to silica fume and its usage. After a few years, it was used as an additive to brick. When added to high Alumina brick, mullite was formed in the matrix of the brick on firing, giving the brick good volume stability, strength and chemical resistance. When used in basic brick, high hot strengths resulted, at least at 2700°F, which was about the limit of what could be tested. At the time it was only logical that silica fume would be used in brick not castables. Brick were used for all critical applications, no one would have considered using castables. In this paper we shall discuss the manufacturing, properties of silica fume and its effect on concrete after addition. Today's refractory castables have gone beyond having "brick-like properties" to actually out performing brick in many applications. Silica fume has played a major role in this transformation.

Keywords

Silica, Concrete, High-Performance, Smelting, Structures, Strength.

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M. P. Akhtar ¹, Amrendra Kumar ¹, Deepak Khare ²

Affiliations
1 Water Resources, Bihar, Patna, IN
2 Dept.of WRD & M, I.I.T. Roorkee, IN

Abstract

This study is conducted to observe the temporal variability of rainfall and temperature for 102 years (1901-2002) in the Lower Bagmati River Basin in Northern India. Annual and monsoon rainfall time series is considered to investigate the trend using non parametric methods. Trend in 102 years span indicates reduced basin water potential in recent years.

Keywords

Rainfall, Temperature, Non-Parametric Tests, Trend Analysis, Mann-Kendall and Sen's T Tests.

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