Informatics Publishing Limited

D. Pandey ¹, Kamesh Kumar ¹, M. K. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, C. C. S. University, Meerut-250004, IN

Abstract

Medical diagnosis involves various kinds of uncertainties in the process. This makes the diagnostic decision analysis an important platform for the applicability of fuzzy sets. Some researchers have given a fuzzy decision making model for medical diagnosis based on fuzzy num- bers and compositional rule. Fuzzy set theoretic analysis is usually centered on the choice of proper membership grades for the elements of fuzzy sets. A single value for the membership grade based on the combined effect of favourable and unfavourable evidence, does not speak much about the appropriateness. Vague set theory takes into account the favourable and unfavourable evidence separately and provides a closed interval in which the membership grade may lie. This paper defines triangular vague numbers to extend the concept of triangular fuzzy numbers and general- izes the model of Yao and Yao using vague set theory. Application of this method to their example covers up the vagueness in the symptom disease relationship and the lack of specificity in patient-symptom observations in a more realistic manner and increases the credibility of the diagnostic decision.

Keywords

Vague Set, Lower and Upper Membership Functions, Vague Point, Triangular Vague Number.

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V. Sharma ¹, D. Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Bioscience and Biotechnology Department, Banasthali University, Banasthali - 304 022, Tonk, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate in vivo protective role of aqueous extract of stem and leaves of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) on the toxic effects of lead on the hematological values. The lead-treated (5 mg/kg body weight, intraperitonially, once daily) male albino mice concurrently received either T. cordifolia stem or leaves extracts (400 mg/kg body weight, orally, once daily) for the duration of 30 days. The animals exposed to lead showed significant decrease in RBC and Hb level. Significant decline in WBC, DLC, and PCV was also noticed. Increase in MCV values displaying reciprocal relationship with RBC, PCV, and Hb values in lead-treated mice were also recorded. These influences of lead were prevented by concurrent daily administration of T. cordifolia stem and leaves extract. These results suggested that simultaneous supplementation of T. cordifolia protects against lead intoxication.

Keywords

Hematology, lead nitrate, mice, Tinospora cordifolia

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V. Sharma ¹, D. Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Bioscience and Biotechnology Department, Banasthali University, Banasthali - 304 022, Tonk, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

The importance of Tinospora cordifolia stem and leaves extract was investigated for its possible hepatoprotective effect in Swiss albino male mice against lead nitrate induced toxicity. Oral administration of plant extracts prevented the occurrence of lead nitrate induced liver damage. The decreased level of tissue enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and increased level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) were observed in mice treated with lead. Administration of aqueous stem extract (400 mg/kg body weight, orally) and aqueous leaves extract (400 mg/kg body weight, orally) along with the lead nitrate (5 mg/kg body weight, i.p. for 30 days) increased the activities of SOD and CAT and decreased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and ACP enzymes in mice. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathology/histological examinations of liver section. Results of this study revealed that plant extract could afford protection against lead-induced hepatic damage.

Keywords

Biochemical changes, histopathology, lead nitrate, liver, mice, Tinospora cordifolia

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S. Pandey ¹, S. Kunder ², N. Bajaj ¹, S. Dwivedi ³, SP. Mahapatra ⁴, D. Pandey ⁵, SK. Pandey ⁶

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Pediatrics, S.S. Medical College Rewa (M.P.), IN
2 Deptt. of Zoology, Girls P.G. Degree College Rewa (M.P.), IN
3 Deptt. of Anaesthesiology, S.S. Medical College Rewa (M.P.), IN
4 Deptt. of Pharmacology, S.S. Medical College Rewa (M.P.), IN
5 S.S. Medical College Rewa (M.P.), IN
6 Scientist-II, Multi-disciplinary Research Unit, S.S. Medical College Rewa (M.P.), IN

Abstract

An impact factor is a measure of citations to articles published in a journal. A citation is a reference to a specific work cited in another work. The work is a scholarly work such as one in a peer reviewed journal. To find out how much impact of a particular article or author has had by showing that other authors cited work within their own papers. An abstracting and indexing service is an important part of the publishing process. It indexes content at the article level by specifying subject headings at each level and then making them searchable in the product’s database. These services also list other bibliographic elements of journal articles, including author, title and date of publication etc.

Keywords

Impact Factor, Indexing, Abstracting, Citation Metrics, Pubmed.

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