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Dhanalakshmi, D.
- General Health, Caregiver Strain and Perceived Social Support among Family Caregivers of Patients with Chronic Illnesses
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
1 Department of Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 4, No 6 (2013), Pagination: 1344-1348Abstract
As chronic and lifestyle illnesses rise sharply, the need to cope with caregiving demands is experienced acutely by an unprecedented number of family caregivers. This study aimed to ascertain the relationship between general health, caregiver strain and perceived social support in the context of informal caregiving. A sample of 45 long-term family caregivers was selected through the purposive sampling technique and caregiver strain, general health and social support were measured. Caregiver strain was measured using the Modified Caregiver Strain Index (Sullivan, 2003), while general health was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1978). The level of perceived social support among the participants was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988). The correlation analysis revealed a positive association between caregiver strain and general health and an inverse association between caregiver strain and social support, while the 't' tests revealed that a higher level of education and an employed status were associated with better health outcomes. ANOVA showed a significant difference in the levels of caregiver strain based on the type of illness. In this study, education, employment and social support were found to help caregivers fulfill their demands with fewer adverse effects. The findings highlight the role of evaluating the health and psychological well-being of caregivers and administering necessary interventions to minimize their health risks.Keywords
Caregiver Strain, Perceived Social Support, General Health, Chronic Diseases.
- Hope, Happiness, General Health and Well-Being among the Elderly
Abstract Views :500 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 5, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 448-451Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to analyze the relationship between hope, happiness, general health and well-being among the elderly. The sample consisted of 100 elderly people and that sampling technique used for the present study was convenience sampling. The age of the participants ranged between 60-80 years. The tools used for the study were General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg&Williams, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire by Hills&Argyle, Well-Being Index by World Health Organization (WHO), and Adult Dispositional Hope Scale by Synder. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated and a significant positive correlation was found between happiness and well-being (r= 0.215: p<0.05, n=100). Independent samples 't' test was done in order to find out whether gender differences existed in hope, happiness, general health and well-being of elderly. The result clearly indicates that there is no significant difference between elderly men and women on hope, happiness, general health and well-being. In addition, regression analysis indicates that happiness significantly predicts wellbeing (β=.206, p=.039) among elderly. Perceived happiness helps to improve the mental and physical well-being of the individual and it also influences their interpersonal relationships. Positive activity interventions (PAI) which includes regular practice of gratitude, optimism, kindness and meditation may increase their happiness and therefore well-being.Keywords
Hope, Happiness, General Health, Well-Being, Elderly- Life Stress, Optimism, and Life Satisfaction among School Students
Abstract Views :485 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, Vol 5, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 41-45Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship among life stress, optimism and life satisfaction among adolescents. A sample of 145 high school students (78 male and 67 female) were randomly selected from the school for current study. The participants were given three standardized questionnaires to assess their levels of life stress, optimism and life satisfaction. The scales used for the current study were Students Stress Inventory by Gadzella, Revised Life Orientation Test by Scheier, Carver and Bridges, Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) by Scott Huebner. Pearson's correlational analysis and t-test were carried out to assess the relationship among life stress, optimism and life satisfaction, and to examine the gender differences. The study found significant positive correlation between optimism and life satisfaction and it also found that girls experienced higher level of life satisfaction when compared to boys and that boys experienced a high level of pressure, a dimension of life stress, when compared to girls. Some kind of counseling program can be designed to improve life satisfaction and reduce pressure among boys and as well as for their family.Keywords
Life Stress, Optimism, Life Satisfaction- Perceived Loneliness, Depression, and Health Among School Students
Abstract Views :382 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 6, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 216-218Abstract
Loneliness seems to be one of the major psychological problems experienced by children all over the world. Loneliness can have serious detrimental effects on the physical and psychological well-being not only during childhood, but its consequences seem to have a significant impact on the adjustment of the individual during adolescent and adult years as well. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between perceived loneliness, depression, and health among school students as well as to identify if any gender differences existed in these variables. The sample consisted of 120 students (60 boys and 60 girls) aged 15 and 16 years who were randomly selected from schools in Chennai. Perceived loneliness scale by Jha, Depression and Anxiety for Youth Scale by Newcomer and General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg were administered to the students after obtaining permission from the school authorities. Results showed that there exists a significant positive relationship between loneliness and depression (r = 0.278; p < 0.01) and between loneliness and health (r = 0.265; p < 0.01). However, no significant relationship was found between depression and health (r = 0.074). A significant difference was observed between boys and girls in general health (t = 4.866; p < 0.01) with girls reporting more health issues than boys. Regression analysis revealed that perceived loneliness is a significant predictor of health among school students (a = 0.265; t = 2.859; p < 0.01). The findings of this study highlight the importance of the role of psychologists and the need for trained counselors in schools. This would facilitate the early identification and intervention of psychological problems before they impede the optimal development of children.Keywords
Perceived Loneliness, Depression, Health, School Students.- Depression, Cognitive Distortion and Health among College Students
Abstract Views :519 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, Vol 5, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 493-495Abstract
College years, though expected to be the most fun period in a student's life, many students do not have a smooth sail. The relationship problems encountered at that stage append to the stress experienced due to transition from school to college and complex psychology histories. Such complexities may often lead to distortions in thinking and in most severe form lead to depression and poor health. The current study explored the relationship between depression, cognitive distortions and general health among college students. The sample consisted of 125 undergraduate college students (62 boy s and 63 girls) studying in different colleges in Chennai and aged between 18 to 20 years.The participants responded to the items on Depression taken from the Depression and the Anxiety Scale (Newcomer et al), Cognitive Distortion Scale (Bnere) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg). Correlational analysis showed that general health was positively related to dimensions of cognitive distortion and depression. Girls were found to be more depressed and high in self-criticism as when compared to the boys. Girls have more problems in their general health as when compared to the boys. Regression analysis revealed that depression predicts general health. The results of the study draws the attention of researchers and practitioners mthe discipline of psychology to explore the various causal factors for depression during late adolescence and to provide appropriate psychological interventions so that they are able to face the future challenges. Interventions to enhance the assertiveness and to change the dysfunctional thinking associated with helplessness among girls are crucial.Keywords
Depression, Cognitive Distortions, Generalhealth, College Students.- Perceived Stress, Cognitive Distortion, Sense of Coherence and Health among College Students
Abstract Views :460 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 6, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 287-291Abstract
College students are at an augmented risk of not only perceived stress but also cognitive distortion and this can have an unbelievable impact on their health. Sense of coherence seems to be one of the most important ways in which health is perceived in recent years. The present study explored the relationship between perceived stress, cognitive distortion, sense of coherence and general health among college students. The sample consisted of 125 undergraduate college students (62 boys and 63 girls) aged between 18 to 20 years. The sample was selected from different colleges in Chennai. All the participants responded to the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen), Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky), Cognitive Distortion Scale (Briere) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg). Bivariate statistics showed that general health was positively related to dimensions of cognitive distortion and perceived stress, while it was negatively associated with sense of coherence (SOC). A gender difference was found wherein girls scored significantly higher on the self- blame and helplessness dimensions of cognitive distortion and also in terms of perceived stress and general health. This clearly indicated that girls perceive more stress and experience more health issues when compared to the boys. Regression analysts revealed that perceived stress is an important predictor of general health. The self-criticism and hopelessness subscales of cognitive distortion emerged to be good predictors of general health in conjunction with certain demographic like age, gender and number of siblings. The results of the study highlight the need to provide college students with appropriate support and guidance through the challenging years of college. This need is more pronounced for girls because they seem to be internalizing their responses to stress. Interventions that channelize their strengths to promote more adaptive ways of coping with stress are imperative.Keywords
Stress, Sense of Coherence, Cognitive Distortion, Heath, College Students.- Nonverbal Learning Disabilities
Abstract Views :254 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 6, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 109-113Abstract
Nonverbal learning disability (NLD) is a distinct subtype of learning disabilities wherein the child may have average to above average verbal skills, but in conjunction with pronounced visual, motor, social and academic difficulties. This condition occurs in a small percentage of children but presents a significant challenge-one that often becomes more complex with time. Despite these concerns regarding NLD, or NLD as it is commonly known, awareness about it is relatively low. This lack of awareness has led to many children with NLD being unfairly accused of truancy and acting out or being wrongly diagnosed and treated for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The current paper aimed to provide a detailed theoretical overview of NLD in order to generate awareness about it. The paper provides a detailed overview of this condition, its historical background and its clinical presentation. An elaboration of the biological correlates and their association to the manifested deficits is also provided. Certain basic guidelines for those dealing with children with NLD are provided as well.Keywords
Nonverbal Learning Disability, Biological Correlates, Children.- Protective Factors Mitigating Health in Middle Age
Abstract Views :293 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 5, No 11 (2014), Pagination: 1281-1286Abstract
The study undertook a rare challenge of exploring the protective factors in middle adulthood as most research in this area looks at these factors in the context of the young or the elderly population. The study was armed at exploring the relationship between optimism, health, coping and social support. A sample of hundred middle-aged participants (51 women and 49 men) were surveyed using the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg&Williams, 1978), Life Orientation Test (Carver&Scheier, 1994), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Folkman&Lazarus, 1985) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, et al, 1988). The results indicated that people with a more optimistic outlook enjoyed better social support and utilized more adaptive coping strategies. There were no gender differences in optimism, social support and general health, although men manifested a tendency to use more escape avoidance and positive reappraisal. Teachers tended to have poorer health outcomes and used more avoidant coping strategies. In the model predicting health, planful problem solving emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by optimism, escape avoidance and social support from a significant other. The study reinforces the value of adaptive coping strategies for the health and wellbeing of individuals under stress. It also highlights the role of personal and social resources like optimism and social support, respectively, in fostering resilience in the face of the stressors of life.Keywords
Health, Optimism, Social Support, Coping, Middle Adulthood.- Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction for Reducing Anxiety, Enhancing Self-Control and Improving Academic Performance among Adolescent Students
Abstract Views :1304 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, RV Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, IN
2 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, RV Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, IN
2 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, Vol 7, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 390-397Abstract
The objectives of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention for reducing anxiety, enhancing self-control and improving academic performance among adolescent students. The present study consisted of 300 adolescent students in the age group of 15-18 years, selected through random sampling. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spiel berger et al. and Self-control Scale by Tangney et al. were administered to 150 boys and 150 girls and their academic scores were collected from their performance in continuous assessment. Pre-test and post-test with randomized control group design was used for the present study. MBSR was given to the students in the experimental group for a period of 8 weeks while the control group did not receive the intervention, following which a post-test was carried out. Statistical analyses such as Independent sample't' test, Paired t test, Multi variate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Multi variate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were used for this study. The results indicate that MBSR is effective for reducing anxiety, enhancing self-control and improving academic performance among adolescent students. This intervention ensured that students could use it for their well-being not only at the present, but also in the future circumstances. Therefore, MBSR may be included in the school curriculum in order to help adolescent students who cope with the expectations and challenges of educational demands.Keywords
Anxiety, Academic Performance, Self-Control, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, Adolescents.- Perceived Stress, Optimism, and Self-Concept as Predictors of Adolescent Mental Health in India
Abstract Views :271 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, IN
2 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Psychology, Maniben Nanavati Women's College, Mumbai, IN
1 Department of Psychology, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, IN
2 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Psychology, Maniben Nanavati Women's College, Mumbai, IN
Source
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, Vol 7, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 21-26Abstract
India is often touted as a young country with a sizeable population dividend. However, Indian adolescents, who will be the working population in the future, are fraught with several personal, social, and emotional challenges. The current study aimed at examining how perceived stress, optimism, and self-concept were associated and their relative significance in predicting mental health. The Perceived Stress Scale, Life Orientation Test- Revised, Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, and the Mental Health Inventory were used to survey 670 adolescents in Puducherry. The results showed that perceived stress was positively associated with negative domains of mental health, while optimism was positively associated. The regression analysis revealed that perceived stress, optimism, and all domains of self-concept except physical appearance significantly predicted mental health. Boys reported better life satisfaction and more freedom from anxiety, while girls reported higher levels of intellectual and school status and popularity. The results underscore the need to consider how adolescents view themselves and their future to help them cope effectively with the normative life-course challenges they face along with the various parental, societal, and peer influences which cause them distress.Keywords
Adolescent Mental Health, Perceived Stress, Optimism, Self-Concept.References
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- Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) to Reduce Anxiety, Improve Sense of Coherence, Optimism and General Health Among Students
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
Source
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, Vol 7, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 121-127Abstract
Anxiety is an inherent facet of human existence. Students experience intense anxiety. The current study has been undertaken keeping in mind the unwarranted anxiety and the health complaints made by many children and adolescents of today. The objective of the study was to determine whether Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction would be effective in reducing anxiety, improving sense of coherence, optimism and health among students. Apilot study was carried out on a sample of 30 students aged between 13to 17 years from a school in Puducherry just before the main survey to obtain the reliability of the tools to be used for the study. A brief MBSR (2 week) was also conducted only as a part of the pilot study to check for the feasibility of the administration of the intervention. The main study was then initiated after confirming for the appropriateness and the validity of the questionnaires. Data was collected from 300 students from various schools in Puducherry. The tools used were Depression and Anxiety Scale by Newcomer, General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg, Optimism scale by Scheier and Carver and Sense of Coherence scale by Antonovsky. Participants for the intervention study were selected from a school in which the researcher would provide the intervention. Those participants who had poor health were mainly included in the second phase of the study. Participants who had poor health shown by their scores were called and briefed about the study and those participants who were willing to be a part of the intervention study were included. Fifty students who were willing to participate were chosen and the consent to participate in the study was obtained. These 50 participants were then divided into 2 groups randomly and then were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. After the 8 week sessions of MBSR, the participants of the experimental group and the control group were assembled and asked to fill in the questionnaires. Statistical tests employed for the analysis of the data were Pearson's Correlation, Independent and Paired Samples t test and Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results revealed that there exists a significant relationship between anxiety, sense of coherence, optimism and health. There is a significant difference in anxiety between the boys and girls with girls experiencing more anxiety than boys. A significant decrease in anxiety and an improvement in health, optimism and sense of coherence was seen in the participants of the experimental group. A significant increase in the sense of coherence was seen in the participants of the control group in the posttest scores. The MANOVAresults clearly showed that mindfulness has been effective in reducing anxiety and improving sense of coherence, optimism and health among students. To eliminate the effects of a covariate a Multivariate Covariance of Analysis was performed on the data and it was found that removing the effects of the pretest scores showed better scores on the study variables. The effect sizes were found to be health = .281; sense of coherence= .311; optimism= .327 ; anxiety= .232. The results also indicate that there has been no significant changes in the follow-up scores of the experimental group when tested on the variables after a fortnight. The delimitation of the study was that it was restricted to schools in Puducherry. The researcher felt that as it was the developing years, there was no obvious way to have controlled for the changes in sense of coherence which would probably be the maximum during these years. Future studies may concentrate on the effectiveness of mindfulness in improving the academic performance and enhance positive behaviors and also to eliminate procrastination and other negative behaviors.Keywords
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Anxiety, Optimism, Sense of Coherence, Health, Students.References
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- Determination of Total Microbial Bioload and Pathogen Testing from Bakery Products
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering (Autonomous), Hosur - 635 130, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Biotechnology, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering (Autonomous), Hosur - 635 130, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 59, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 333-346Abstract
Bakery products are the most widely consumed food on the planet. Microbiological spoilage is one of the most common reasons for bakery products having a short shelf life. This study reports on isolation of microorganisms from bakery products. The study aimed to prospect the isolation of bacteria, total colony count and pathogen testing were carried out nutrient agar media and specific media. Isolation of bacteria was done using nutrient agar medium, total colony count was prosecuted by colony counting method and pathogen testing was performed using specific media like mannitol salt agar, EMB agar, cetrimide agar and bismuth sulphite agar. Biochemical characterization was executed for the obtained pathogen. It was preceded by test like indol test, MRVP test, simmon’s citrate test, catalase test, gelatinase test and TSI test. After completion of these tests it was concluded the obtained microorganism was Salmonella species.Keywords
Bakery Products, Specific Media, Pathogen Testing, Biochemical Characterization, Salmonella SpeciesReferences
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