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Dey, D.
- Automotive Revolution towards the Carbon Free World
Abstract Views :486 |
PDF Views:328
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Engineering Physics, Tripura Institute of Technology, Narsingarh, Tripura (W)-799009, IN
2 Centre for Electronics Design and Technology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, IN
1 Department of Engineering Physics, Tripura Institute of Technology, Narsingarh, Tripura (W)-799009, IN
2 Centre for Electronics Design and Technology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Energy, Vol 1, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 9-10Abstract
The carbon emission is one of the main causes of global warming which is leading to drastic climate change. There has been compulsion for India to minimize carbon emission by at least 25% and it was the main issue of Copenhagen Climate change meets 2009. Electric bike (ebike) is one solution to reduce the carbon emission in the automotive world. This paper reports about the history, necessity, technical details, advantages&disadvantage along with word wide and national scenario of ebike sector.References
- No reference
- Biology and Feeding Potential of Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), a Weed Biocontrol Agent for Polygonum hydropiper Linn.
Abstract Views :332 |
PDF Views:133
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004, IN
2 Directorate of Research, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004, IN
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004, IN
2 Directorate of Research, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 30, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 15-18Abstract
Galerucella placida Baly is a small leaf beetle belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. which feeds on aquatic weed Polygonum hydropiper Linn. The insect was reported from various regions of India during 1910-1936. Investigation on some biological parameters of G. placida and feeding of the P. hydropiper by G. placida was conducted in laboratory. The results indicated the fecundity of G. placida was 710-1210 eggs per female. Eggs were markedly bright yellow, pyriform basally rounded and oval at tip. It measured 0.67 mm in length and 0.46 mm in width. Average incubation period was 3.80 days. Larvae of G. placida underwent three moults. The first instar larva was yellow in colour and measured 1.26 mm in length and 0.40 mm in width. The second instar was yellowish in colour but after an hour of feeding, the colour of the grub changes to blackish brown from yellow. It measured 2.64 mm in length and 0.77 mm in width. The third instar measured 5.59 mm in length and 1.96 mm in width. The average total larval duration of G. placida was 13.30 days. The fully developed pupa looked black in colour and measured 4.58 mm in length and 2.37 mm in width. Adult 4.50 days. The adult female was bigger than male. The adult male measured 5.60 mm in length and 2.35 mm in width and adult female measured 6.25 mm in length and 2.50 mm in width. Longevity of adult male was 35.40 days and while female was 40.40 days. Total life cycle duration of G. placida was completed in 21.60 days from egg to adult emergence. The damage was caused by both adult as well as grubs. At high population densities of adults and grubs, complete defoliation was seen. The average leaf area scrapped by larva and adult was 511.61 sq. cm and 866.35 sq. cm respectively.Keywords
Galerucella placida, Polygonum hydropiper, Biology, Feeding.References
- Holm LG, Doll J, Holm E, Pancho JV, Herberger JP. 1997. World weeds: Natural histories and distribution. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA.
- Indranisana R, 2014. Studies on biology of Galerucella placida Baly infesting Polygonum hydropiper Linn. MSc Thesis, Submitted to Central Agricultural University, (Imphal, Manipur) India.
- Lefroy MH, 1909. Indian insect life. A manual of the insects of the plains (Tropical India). pp. 4.
- Matos B, Obrycki JJ, 2007. Evaluation of mortality of Galerucella calmariensis L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) premarginal life stages and pupal survival at two wetlands in Lowa. J Kansas Entomol Soc. 80(1): 16–26.
- Maulik S, 1936. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae (Galerucinae). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 648.
- Sadeghi SE, Ahmadi SM, Shayesteh N, Alizadeh MH, Pourmirza A, 2004. Study on biology of alder brown leaf beetle, Galerucella lineola (Col: Chrysomelidae) in Golestan province of Iran. [Persian]. J Entomol Soc Iran. 24(1): 99–120.
- Schooler SS, McEvoy PB, 2006. Relationship between insect density and plant damage for the golden loosestrife beetle, Galerucella pusilla, on purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Biol Cont. 36: 100–105.
- Urban J, 2007a. Occurrence, biology and harmfulness of Galerucella lineola (F.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) - Part 1. Last year’s (parent) beetles. J Forest Sci. 53(8): 364–380.
- Urban J, 2007b. Occurrence, biology and harmfulness of Galerucella lineola (F.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) - Part 2. Larvae and this year’s beetles. J Forest Sci. 53(9): 424–444.
- Yadav HS, Gargav VP, 1992. Studies on the biology of Singhara beetle, Galerucella birmanica Jacoby on Trapa bispinosa Roxb. J Insect Sci. 5(2): 206–208.
- Effect of Aphis craccivora Koch. Reared on Different Host Plants on the Biology of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius)
Abstract Views :356 |
PDF Views:111
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati - 517 501, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar-3, IN
1 Department of Entomology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati - 517 501, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar-3, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 30, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 19-24Abstract
Biology of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) was studied on aphids reared on different host plants. The total life cycle of C. sexmaculata ranged from 19.56 days to 27.87 days when aphids fed to this were reared on six different host plants viz., cowpea, groundnut, cotton, sunflower, greengram and blackgram. Adult male longevity varied from 11.00 to 14.00 days. Adult female longevity varied from 14.00 to 17.00 days. Shortest larval duration (6.75 days) was noticed on cowpea and longest larval duration (8.25 days) was noticed on groundnut. On cotton and sunflower 25 per cent larval mortality each were noticed. The head capsule width of first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of C. sexmaculata were 0.28±0.09 mm, 0.42±0.06 mm, 0.58±0.01 mm and 0.63±0.03 mm respectively when fed to aphids from nucleus culture.Keywords
Aphis craccivora, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Host Plants, Larval Duration, Larval Mortality.References
- Ali A, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Khan J, Gilani WA, Rehman A, Mahmood T, Javed HI, Rasool A. 2013. Effect of three constant tempratures on the biology and predatory potential of Menochilus sexmaculatus fab. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on Schizaphis graminum aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Pak Entomol. 35(2): 95–98.
- Eswaramoorthy S, Kurup NK, Santhalakshmi G. 1998. Biology and predatory potential of the lady bird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on sugarcane aphids. J Biol Control 12(1): 47–50.
- Gupta RS. 1966. Studies on the biology, external morphology of the head and tolerance to some insecticides of the coccinellid, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fb. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. University of Udaipur, Udaipur. India.
- Hussien MY, Tan HS, Rizvi MZ. 1986. Biology, nutritional requirement and predation efficiency of Menochilus sexmaculata Fab. Coleoptera Coccinellidae. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Plant protection in Tropics, March 17-20, Genting High land Malaysia. p. 380–9.
- Irshad M. 2001. Aphids and their biological control in Pakistan. Pak J Biol Sci. 4(5): 537–541.
- Kumar A, Prasad CS, Tiwari GN. 2013. Biology and feeding potential of Cheilomenes sexmculata (Fab.) on bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and mustard aphid (Liphaphis erysimi L.). Trends in Biosci. 6(1): 33–35.
- Lalithambika KR. 2012. Biology, predation efficiency and pesticide susceptibility of coccinellid predator, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) on cowpea. M. Sc. Thesis. Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
- Maisini NS, Hassan TS, Sajab AS. 1994. Within plant distribution patterns of predators on chilli plant. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Plant protection in Tropics, March 28-31, Kualalumpur. pp. 96.
- Patel RA. 1989. Bionomics, seasonal abundance and predatory potential of lady bird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fb. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) against some important aphid species in North Gujarat, M.Sc. (Ag.) thesis, GAU, S.K. Nagar, India.
- Patel DP. 1998. Bionomics and predatory potential of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab. and Chrysoperla carnea St. reared on maize aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) along with their comparative susceptibility to some neem based pesticides. M.Sc. (Agri.) thesis, Gujarat Agricultural University, Sardar Krushinagar, India.
- Rahman MH, Sardar MA, Miah MRU, Kamal NQ. 1993. Consumption rate of Aphis medicaginis by the grubs of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab. Bangl J Zool. 21(1): 185–187.
- Rai MK, Ramamurthy VV, Singh PK. 2003. Observation on the biology of the coccinellid predator Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) on Aphis craccivora. Ann Pl Prot Sci. 11(1): 7–10.
- Selhime AG. 1955. Cheilomenes sexmaculata F., an important beneficial lady beetle. Proc Florida Hortic Soc 36(7): 7–8.
- Solangi BK, Hullio MH, Baloch N. 2007. Biological parameters and prey consumption by zigzag beetle Menochilus sexamaculatus Fab. against Rhopalosiphum maidis fitch, Aphis gossypii glov. and Therioaphis trifolii monell. Sarhad J Agril. 23(4): 1097–1110.
- Suja G, Beevi SN. 2007. Biology and efficiency of the potential coccinellid predators of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. in cowpea. Entomon 32(2): 97–102.
- Tank BD, Korat DM. 2007. Biology of lady beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fab.) in middle Gujarat conditions. Karn J Agric Sci. 20(3): 634–636.
- Trehan KN, Malhotra CP. 1959. Bionomics of some predaceous coccinellid beetles of the Punjab. Curr Sci. 28(7): 287.
- Veeravel R, Baskaran P. 1996. Temperature-dependent development, adult longevity, fecundity and feeding potential of two coccinellid predators under laboratory conditions. Entomon 21(1): 13–18.
- Zala AP. 1995. Studies on bionomics and predatory potential of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fb. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) along with its seasonal fluctuations and tolerance to some insecticides. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. GAU, Sardar Krushinagar, India.
- Management of Insecticide Resistance in Insect
Abstract Views :211 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
D. Dey
1,
S. Routray
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN
Source
Rashtriya Krishi (English), Vol 11, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 22-23Abstract
Resistance has been defined as a developed ability in a strain to tolerate doses of toxicants which would prove lethal to the majority of individuals in normal population of the same species (Anonymous,1957), World Health Organization (WHO), Expert Committee on Insecticides, (1957). Insecticides resistance management (IRM) strategies are becoming more important in agricultural production system. Pest resistance to a insecticide can be managed by reducing selection pressure by the insecticide on the pest population.Preventing and managing resistance to insecticides is an important stewardship practice that ensure insect control products will remain effective long term.In other words, the situation when all the pest except the most resistant ones are killed by a given chemical should be avoided.Resistance to insecticides was first documented in 1914 by A. L. Melander in the Journal of Economic Entomology.References
- Hoy, M.A. (1995). Multitactic resistance management: An approach that is long overdue? Fla. Entomol., 78: 443 - 451.
- Melander, A.L. (1914). Can insects becomes resistant to sprays. J. Econ. Entomol.
- Roush, R.T. and Tabashnik, B. E. (1990). Pesticide resistance in arthropods. Chapman and Hall, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
- http://entomologytoday.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/melander-jee-1914.pdf.
- Snails and Slugs as Crop Pests
Abstract Views :217 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
S. Routray
1,
D. Dey
1
Affiliations
1 Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN
1 Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN
Source
Rashtriya Krishi (English), Vol 11, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 40-41Abstract
Snails and slugs are part of the class of creatures called gastropods. Gastropod comes from the Greek wordsgastros (stomach) and podos (foot). They are the animals without backbones, having asymmetrical, unsegmented and spirally coiled body. When snails have a well-developed shell, slugs have only a rudimentary shell often enclosed in a visceral hump. Snails and slugs are hermaphrodites but there is reciprocal exchange of spermatozoa as they mature before development of eggs. Self-fertilization is prevented. They have good protection against dehydration; hence they avoid direct sunlight and environments with a low relative humidity. They hide during day time in moist places or under debris and feed mainly at night when the temperature drops and humidity rises. Snails secrete light yellow slime and slugs secrete colourless slime which becomes silvery after drying.References
- Aravind, N.A., K.P. Rajashekhar and Madhyastha, N.A . (2010). A review of ecological studies on patterns and processes of distribution of land snails of the Western Ghats, India. Proceeding of World Congress of Malacology, 222pp.
- Atwal, A.S. and Dhaliwal, G.S. (2010). Birds, mammals, snails and slugs.Agricultural Pests of South Asia and Their Management. Kalyani Publishers, 519pp.
- Impact of Indiscriminate Use of Insecticide on Environmental Pollution
Abstract Views :121 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
D. Dey
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 9, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 264-267Abstract
Insecticide use is an important and integral component of crop production system. Insecticide use increased substantially over the years. Insecticide consumption increased by 2158.6 per cent in 2004 over 1982, but now there is declining trend in their use. Indiscriminate use of insecticides also lead to several diseases in human health. Concentration of insecticide in surface and ground water is also a major factor for environmental pollution. Insecticide like Diazinon shows the maximum concentration in surface and ground water. Therefore, the concentration of Diazinon should not be more than the recommended limits i.e. 0.003 μg/l to protect the fresh water aquatic life and also eliminate the lethal effects of insecticide residues in ground water. The status of the insecticide residue in lake water i.e. the areas that were not involved in vegetable or horticultural farming is highest in chlorpyriphos ethyl (which was above WHO limit) while the residual levels of endosulfan sulphate and endosulfan ether found in agricultural soil were higher than those of alpha and beta endosulfan, which indicates that degradation reactions take place mainly in agricultural soil.Keywords
Impact of Indiscriminate, Use of Insecticide, Environment Pollution.- Effect of Bunch Bagging on Fruit Quality of Banana Cv. SABRI
Abstract Views :222 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khowai (Tripura), IN
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khowai (Tripura), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 12, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 172-175Abstract
Banana (Musa sapientum) is an important tropical fruit crop in India. External appearance of is important factor which decides the market value of the product. Many banana growers suffer huge monetary loss due to pre harvest eating of insects especially scaring beetle, mechanical injury, damage of foxes etc. In Khowai district of Tripura, the infestation of insect was found to be very high. To address the problem an experiment was conducted in the instructional farm of KVK, Khowai, Tripura, India during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. Ten numbers of bunches were random selected from an already existing banana cv. SABRI orchard. The experiment was comprises of two treatment- T1 : bunches are covering with 6 per cent ventilated Polythene covers / sleeves of size 200 cm length x 150 cm width x 175 gauge thickness and T2 : not covered or control. It was observed that the banana fruits matured under covered condition were more visually appealing as they were clean and had minimal bruises, especially more large-grade fruit with uniform fullness of fruit within the bunch compared to those grown uncovered. 11.45 per cent more finger length and 7.35 per cent more individual fruit weight was noticed in cover bunches compared to that uncovered. Bunch covering also had a positive on the TSS content of the fruit. Further, bagging helps in shorten the time from flowering to physiological maturity by 10. Thus bunch covering can be recommended for commercial banana orchards in Tripura to produce high quality fruits.Keywords
Bunch Bagging, Fruit, Banana, SABRI.References
- Anonymous (2003). Bunch covers for improving plantain and banana peel quality. National Agriculture Research Institute. Technical Bulletin no 4.
- Anonymous (2018). Production and Productivity of Banana. Horticultural Statistics at a Glance. pp. 2019.
- Choudhury, H., Chandra, K. and Baruah, K. (1996). Influence of bunch cover treatments on infestation of fruit scarring beetle and crop duration in Dwarf Cavendish banana. Department of Crop Physiology, Assam Agricultural University, 785 013, India. Crop-Res., 12 : 50-55.
- Cuneen, T. and McEntyre, C. (1988). Does the colour of banana bags have an effect on the yield of bananas and the climate inside the bag. Banana Bull., 52 :14-15.
- Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd edn. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.
- Johns, G.G. and Scott, K.J. (1989). Delayed harvesting of bananas with ‘sealed’ covers on bunches. 1. Modified atmosphere and microclimate inside sealed covers. Australian J. Experimental Agric., 29(5) : 719 – 726.
- Kutinyu, R. (2014). The evaluation of different banana bunch protection materials on selected banana cultivars for optimum fruit production and quality in Nampula Province, Mozambique. M.Sc. Thesis, University of South Africa, Florida.
- Robinson, J.C. and Nel, D. (1984). Banana bunch covers effective in winter. Nelspruit, South Africa. Information Bulletin Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, 138, pp. 5-6.
- Rodrigues, M.G.V., Souto, R.F. and Menegucci, J.L.P. (2001). Influence of polyethylene banana bunch cover for irrigated banana tree in the North of Minas Gerais state. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 23: 559–562.
- Santosh, D.T., Tiwari, K.N. and Reddy, R.G. (2017). Banana Bunch Covers for Quality Banana Production – A Review. Internat. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 6(7): 1275-1291.
- Sarkar, S., Das, G., Sarkar, S., Saha, S. and Biswas, S. (2016). Frontline demonstration on effect of bunch cover in banana for quality production of banana fruits. Internat. J. Green Pharmacy, 10(4): 261- 264.
- Shanmugavelu, K.G., Aravindakshan, K. and Sathiyamoorthy, S. (1992). Banana Taxonomy, Breeding and Production technology, Metropolitan book Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi Weerasinghe, S.S. and Ruwanpathirana, K.H. (2002).
- Influence of bagging material on bunch development of bananas (Musa spp.) under high density planting system. Annals of Sri Lankan Department of Agriculture, 4 : 47-53.