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Govindarajan Sumathy ¹, Bhaskaran Sathyapriya ¹, Balasubramanian Chandrakala ², Ramachandran Tamilsevi ³

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In dentistry field the inferior alveolar block technique is most common. The aim of this paper is to summaries the knowledge about the anatomy of the mandible and with the localization of anteroposterior and superoinferior position of the mandibular foramen in adult mandible and also to emphasize the most significant clinical suggestion of the current studies regarding anesthesia carried out in the area of the mandible.

Keywords

Mandible, Human Anatomy, Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block, Mandibular Foramen.

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Bhaskaran Sathyapriya ¹, Govindarajan Sumathy ¹, Balasubramanian Chandrakala ¹, Jinu Merlin Koshy ², Jayamathi Govindaraj ³, Kesavaram Padmavathy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Xylene is a colorless liquid with the molecular formula C8H10. A flammable, non-explosive aromatic hydrocarbon, xylene consists of a benzene ring with two attached methyl groups. Xylene occurs naturally in petroleum and small amounts occur in gasoline and jet fuel. It is used in paints, inks, glues and other products. The population at large is expected to be exposed primarily to mixed xylenes, rather than to any of the xylene isomers individually. The general population can be exposed to xylene via inhalation of indoor and workplace air, automobile exhaust, tobacco smoke, xylene-containing solvents, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and dermal absorption of xylene containing products. Xylene is released primarily from industrial sources. The existence of hazards in the workplace has raised concerns about the potential of these substances for adverse effects.

Keywords

Xylene, Dyspnoea, Occupational.

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Govindarajan Sumathy ¹, Bhaskaran Sathyapriya ¹, Balasubramanian Chandrakala ¹, Jinu Merlin Koshy ², Jayamathi Govindaraj ³, Kesavaram Padmavathy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon known for its wide usage in tissue processing, staining and cover slipping in the histology laboratory. The hazards of xylene are well documented, making it a potential occupational hazard for the histopathological technicians. As every other profession became cautious of the occupational hazards, the very speciality that identifies the illnesses became one of the last to become aware and remedy its own hazards. This article aims to discuss the toxicity of xylene and safety measures to counteract the hazards of xylene.

Keywords

Toxicity of Xylene, Xylene Substitutes, Xylene.

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