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D. Chakraborti ¹, B. K. Biswas ¹, G. K. Basu ¹, U. K. Chowdhury ¹, T. Roy Chowdhury ¹, D. Lodh ¹, C. R. Chanda ¹, B. K. Mandal ¹, G. Samanta ¹, A. K. Chakraborti ¹, M. M. Rahman ¹, K. Paul ¹, S. Roy ², S. Kabir ², B. Ahmed ², R. Das ², M. Salim ², Q. Quamruzzaman ²

Affiliations
1 School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Calcutta - 700 032, IN
2 Dhaka Community Hospital, Bara Magh Bazar, Dhaka - 1217, BD

Abstract

The groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh is a phenomenon of surface ero- sion, transportation and deposition in the form of Delta and ∼lood Plain. While dealing with such geomorphological units like Tableland, Flood Plain, Delta and Hill Tract in Bangladesh, we have found the possibility of having huge arsenic contaminattion free groundwater reservoir in selected areas in Bangladesh. The results presented are the outcome of our last 5 years, field survey analysing for arsenic of water of twentyfive thousand eight hundred ninetyseven hand tubewells in sixtyfour districts of Bangladesh comprising four existing geomorphological regions (a) Deltaic region (including coastal region), (b) Flood Plain, (c) Tableland and (d) Hill Tract. In this report, we will highlight (1) the area in Bangladesh where groundwater is not arsenic contaminated and the' possibility to use shallow hand tubewells as potential groundwater resource for drinking purpose and (2) arsenic contaminations scenario of deep tubewells (above 100 meters) all over Bangladesh and suitable depth in arsenic contaminated area to get safe water.

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B. Ahmed ¹, M. H. Masoodi ², S. Khan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi -110 062, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K - 190 006, IN

Abstract

Different extracts of whole plant of Marrubium vulgare L (Lamiaceae) were investigated for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in male Albino Wister rats. The activity of these extracts (500-mg/kg b. w for 7 days) was compared with the standard drug silymarin (Silybon-70, 10 mg/kg-b.w). The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanolic extracts have shown significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing the elevated levels of serum enzymes such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) by 17.69, 67.0 and 30.80%, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) by 19.0, 22.30 and 39.29%, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 17.32, 28.99, 35.38% and increased total protein (TP) by 22.49, 31.84, and 34.29% respectively indicating that the methanol extract was the most active among the three extracts as compared to standard drug silymarin, which decreased SGOT by 53.04, SGPT by 55.96, ALKP by 35.87 and increased TP levels by 59.24% against CCl₄ intoxicated rats in comparison to normal control. These biochemical observations were also supplemented by histopathological examinations of the liver sections. The results showed that the methanolic extract was the most active among all the extracts.

Keywords

Hepatoprotective, Carbon Tetrachloride, Marrubium Vulgare, Silymarin.

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B. Ahmed ¹, A. Verma ¹, M. H. Masoodi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi - 110062, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kashmir University, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K - 190006, IN

Abstract

Methanol extract of the stem of Clerodendrum phlomidis L. was investigated for anti-hepatotoxic activity against CCl₄ induced hepatic damage in male Wister rats. The extracts in dose of 500mg/kg b.w p.o for 7 days were compared with the standard silymarin (Silybon-70, 10mg/kg-b.w p.o). The methanol extract of the plant have shown anti-hepatotoxic activity by reducing the elevated levels of serum enzymes such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) by 29.88 %, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) by 25.86%while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 14.21 %. On the other hand, total protein (TP) were increased by 27.20 %, as compared to standard drug silymarin which decreased SGOT by 49.66 %, SGPT by 50.31 %,ALKP by 33.29%and increased TP levels by 49.40 %. These biochemical observations were also supplemented by histopathological examinations of the liver sections.

Keywords

Antihepatotoxic, Carbon tetrachloride, Clerodendrum phlomidis, Silymarin.

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