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Garg, Anu
- Morphometry of Adult Human Femur
Authors
1 Dept. of Anatomy, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol 5, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 108-109Abstract
Femur is the long bone studied and analysed for its importance in medico legal cases and forensic identification of an individual. The knowledge of normal anatomical features and morphometry of femur are pre-requisites for complete understanding of mechanics of hip and knee joint and diseases of these joints as well. Increased femoral anteversion can cause failure of treatment of congenital dislocation of hip (Morscher 1967) and if not appropriately cared for in the prosthesis then even in treatment of total hip replacement. This fact makes the morphometry of femur important not just for orthopaedicians but also radiologists who use neck shaft angle for diagnosis and managing hip diseases. The neck shaft angle is increased in congenital subluxation and dislocation of hip, idiopathic scoliosis, perthe's disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis. For The now gold standard treatment of osteoarthritis and fracture neck of femur in elderly, total hip replacement, the normal morphometry of the upper end of femur like head diameter, neck shaft angle and angle of anteversion must be precisely known. Hence the extensive morphometric study on femur was undertaken by us the observations of which are given under.Keywords
No keywordsReferences
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- Effect of Relative Centrifugal Forces and Centrifugation Times on Recovery of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors
1 Department of Microbiology, M.M.I.M.S.R., MM University, Mullana, Ambala-133207, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 3, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 257-263Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting one third of world's population and the incidence is much higher in South-East Asia (India and China together account for nearly 40% of the global TB cases)
Objectives: The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of relative centrifugal forces (RCFs) and various centrifugations times (CTs) on recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from sputum specimens pre-inoculated with MTB.
Materials & Methods: For this study, direct acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear negative sputum specimens were randomly collected, which were further subjected to sterilization ( by autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min ) and then seeded with MTB. Afterwards, these sputum specimens were subjected to centrifugation (in a cold centrifuge) at various RCFs and CTs. After centrifugation, supernatants and sediments were inoculated on LJ media and incubated at 37°C with daily monitoring for 8 weeks.
Results: In the current study, as the RCFs (6000xg) and CTs (25 min and 20 min) were increased, the growth detection time exponentially decreased (9 and 11 days) and culture grades (4+) were increased when cultured from the sediments. However, the recovery rates of MTB from the supernatant fluids were constantly decreased as RCFs and CTs increased.
Conclusion: The current study concluded that a higher RCF of 6000xg and CTs of 20 and 25 min could effectively detect the tubercle bacilli from the sputum specimens more efficiently than other lower RCFs and CTs.
Keywords
Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Acid Fast Bacilli, Relative Centrifugal Force, Centrifugation Time.References
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