Informatics Publishing Limited

Deepak Prashar ¹, Sanjay Kumar ², Abhishek Chauhan ¹, Rahul Purohit ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Economics, Govt. College Dharampur, Mandi (H.P.),, IN

Abstract

Porous tablets are solvent less disintegrating oral dosages form which is being widely accepted in the pharmaceutical world. Various conventional and patented techniques are available for the formulation of porous tablets. The economical aspects of the porous tablets along with its worldwide market is being studied and reviewed.

Keywords

Porous Tablets, Economical Aspects, Patented Techniques, World Market.

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Deepak Prashar ¹, Sanjay Kumar ², Abhishek Chauhan ³, Rahul Purohit ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Economics, Govt. College Dharampur, Mandi (H.P.), IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P.), IN

Abstract

Porous tablets are solvent less disintegrating oral dosages form which is being widely accepted in the pharmaceutical world. Various conventional and patented techniques are available for the formulation of porous tablets. The economical aspects of the porous tablets along with its worldwide market is being studied and reviewed.

Keywords

Porous Tablets, Economical Aspects, Patented Techniques, World Market.

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Anuj Ranjan ¹, Joyce S. F. D. De Almeida ², Tanos C. C. Franca ², Abhishek Chauhan ¹, Saradindu Ghosh ³, Tanu Jindal ¹

Affiliations
1 Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Institute of Engineering, Praca General Tiburcio 80, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, BR
2 Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACBD), Military Institute of Engineering, Praca General Tiburcio 80, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, BR
3 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, IN

Abstract

Molecular Docking, site directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation approaches were used to explore mode of binding and inhibition for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and organophosphates (OPs). More than 200 OPs molecules were investigated using Glide docking module of Schrodinger suite as co-crystal structure between two are not available in protein data bank. In initial screening Trp86 was found to be involved in maximum π-cation interaction on anionic subsite of hAChE other than Ser203 (catalytic site). With extra precision glide docking phoxim ethyl phosphonate (PEP) tops among 200 OPs based on glide docking score while interacted with Trp86, Gly121 and Ser203 whereas MMGBSA score shows less binding affinity than heptenophos and dichlorovos. Trp86 preferred π interaction with ring bearing OPs and hydrophobic interactions with smaller OPs without ring bearing structures. Site directed mutagenesis at Trp86 (Trp86 to Ala86) shown the deterioration of the binding site in terms of size reduction, loss of electrostatic and geometric stabilization in binding cavity and significant reduction in binding of OPs in preferred orientation. Dock score of both wild and mutated hAChE shows a perfect qualitative agreement (R²=64.1%) towards the study. Molecular dynamic simulation (GROMACS 4.5.5) of hAChE-PEP complex for 4×10⁴ pico-second with SPC16 water system at 310K temperature explained the evident role of Trp86 in stabilizing the ligand at P-site of the enzyme. Asp74 and Tyr 124 were noticed in conveying H-bonds. Trp86 have shown consistent and stable distance between residues and ligand. Asp74 and Tyr124 appeared as important residues which contributed H bonds and Ser203 was expected to be closer for interaction to happen as it disappeared during simulation. Study suggests role of Trp86 on binding site is equally important to take consideration. As residue Trp86 plays significant role, it can be taken into consideration for the studies on development of more efficient antidotes to overcome the case of human poisoning.

Keywords

Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulation, Human Acetylcholinesterase, Organophosphates.

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Madhu Patial ¹, Abhishek Chauhan ², Ritu Sood ³, K. P. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla (H.P.), IN
2 Amity University, Noida (U.P.), IN
3 Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P.), IN

Abstract

The study was conducted to induce variability and to identify the important radiation dose for induction of useful variation for maturity, yield and yield attributes. Two varieties of ricebean (BRS-1 and Totru Local) were treated with three different doses of γ-rays (30kR, 40kR and 50kR). Range, mean and co-efficient of variation suggested that the mutagenic treatments had created wide variability. In general, these genetic parameters were higher in M₃ generation than M₂. Both positive and negative shift in mean were observed for all the traits in both the cultivars in both the generations. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for pods/cluster, seeds/pod and pod length in both BRS-1 and Totru Local indicating that these traits can respond effectively to phenotypic selection. Most of the traits showed significant positive additive and dominance effects at 30 kR dose in both the genotypes indicating the dose to be most effective in inducing variability. Most of the traits showed overdominance suggesting that the selection should be deferred to the later generation so that the additive effects become more pronounced and fixed.

Keywords

γ-Rays, Induced Additive Effect, Induced Dominance Effect, Mutation, Vigna umbellata.

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Abhishek Chauhan ¹

Affiliations
1 Panjab University SSG Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur, IN

Abstract

The widespread application of aluminium and its alloys in the field of engineering, aerospace, automobiles etc. has made it an important material which is being extensively explored. Various welding techniques have been used to weld aluminium and its different alloys. Friction stir welding is a new process and a promising solid welding technology which is easily overcoming the disadvantages of the traditional welding techniques. The present review paper which constitutes the information explored through various online resources on friction stir welding process of different aluminium alloys and also give briefs of the results of various studies related to the effect of process parameters such as tool rotation, tool pin shape etc. on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, fatigue strength, impact strength etc and microstructure of the welded joints of similar and dissimilar aluminium alloys.

Keywords

Friction Stir Welding, Aluminium Alloys, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Parameters.

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Abhishek Chauhan ¹, Jai Kishan ², Sameer Singhal ³, Achchhar Singh ⁴, Aditi Gupta ⁵, Pankaj Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Junior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Prof and Head, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease. It is caused by bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It can be diagnosed by demonstrating AFB by either phenotypic method like sputum smear microscopy, culture or by genotypic method like NAAT or LPA. For better results there should be a good quality sputum sample. Induction of sputum is a method for improving the quality of sample. The most commonly used method is induction using 3% saline. It has been seen that during taking throat swab specimen patients usually produce cough. This induced cough can produce better quality of sputum. The following study was done to know about the role of throat swab as a method of sputum induction.

Keywords

AFB, CBNAAT, LPA, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

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Achchhar Singh ¹, Jai Kishan ², Sameer Singhal ³, Vishvdeep Saini ⁴, Abhishek Chauhan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Professor and Head, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
4 Junior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The aim was to evaluate the inhalation technique among COPD patients using pressurized metered dose inhaler and determinants of incorrect inhalation technique. In this hospital based cross-sectional study, total 92 COPD patients were enrolled. Basic socio-demographic information was collected. The inhalation technique was visually observed and scored on checklist. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Among the 92 patients observed, 69 (75.0%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 45.8 ± 1.4 years. Correct technique was observed in only 22 (23.9%) patients step at which maximum number of patients committed mistake was exhalation 65.2% followed by breath holding 45.7% and multiple actuations were seen in 44.5%. It was found that substantial errors were made in the inhalation technique hence proper training and follow-up of the patients is required to achieve the desired effects of the inhaled medications.

Keywords

COPD, pMDI, Inhalation technique.

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Pankaj Saini ¹, Varsha A. Singh ², Kunal Sharma ³, Gunjeet Singh ³, Abhishek Chauhan ⁴, Shailja Sharma ⁵

Affiliations
1 Junior Resident, Department of Microbiology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Junior Resident, Department of Pharmacology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
4 Junior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
5 General Physician, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) has been identified in human pulmonary and extra pulmonary diseases and is of great concern for clinicians and microbiologists because of their increasing global incidence. They are now increasingly recognized as important pathogens in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent population. They should be identified rapidly and should be carefully differentiated as contamination, colonization ordisease. Cultures were made on conventional LJ and LJ with PNB media. Growth was confirmed as AFB (acid fast bacilli) by ZN staining. NTM were identified by growth on LJ with PNB media, colony morphology, rate of growth, pigmentation, catalase activity and confirmed by MPT 64 antigen rapid test (using SD Bioline TB Ag MPT 64 test kit) . Data was analysed statistically using SPSS software. Out of total 500 processed samples (250 pulmonary & 250 extrapulmonary), 12(21.05%) and 7(21.8%) NTM were isolated from pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples respectively. Maximum pulmonary NTM (41.7%) were isolated from > 60 years age of patients in contrast to extrapulmonary NTM isolates which were more in 20-40 years of age group. There was 16.7% previously treated patients in pulmonary while 100% were newly diagnosed patients in extrapulmonary TB cases. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and differentiation among Mycobacterium tuberculosisand NTM so that these NTM are not underestimated in routine diagnostic procedures merely as environmental or laboratory contaminants.

Keywords

Non-tuberculous mycobacterium, p-nitrobenzoic acid, Pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary TB, MPT64 antigen.

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Abhishek Chauhan ¹, Jai Kishan ², Sameer Singhal ³, Achhar Singh ⁴, Aditi Gupta ⁵

Affiliations
1 Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M. (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, IN
2 Prof. and Head, Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M. (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, IN
3 Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M. (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M. (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, IN
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M. (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, IN

Abstract

Sputum examination is the most widely used test for diagnosis of TB. Under RNTCP two samples of sputum are required for examinations which are preferably 1st spot and early morning sample or two spot samples collected on the same day. Patients usually come from far off places at the tertiary care centre and frequent visits are usually not possible. Giving an early morning sample is usually defaulted by the patient due to various reasons. The present study was aimed at studying the delay in giving the early morning sample and barriers in accessing the sputum smear microscopy services at a tertiary care hospital. In this study 300 presumptive TB patients were studied. Patients were asked to give a 1st spot sample for sputum smear examination and asked to bring early morning sputum sample. Patients who refused to give early morning sample were asked to give 2nd spot sample and the reason for not coming early morning were noted. The patients who did not come despite agreeing to come were noted. If they came after a delay of few days, then also the reason of delay were noted. It was found that nearly one third (31%) of the patients agreed and came on the next day to give early morning sample. A large number of patients (16%) did not come at all to give the early morning sample.

Keywords

Pulmonary tuberculosis, presumptive TB patient, sputum microscopy, spot sample, early morning sample, RNTCP.

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Achchhar Singh ¹, Jai Kishan ², Sameer Singhal ³, Vishvdeep Saini ⁴, Abhishek Chauhan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Professor and Head, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
4 Junior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Aim: study the prevalence of various risk factors and co-morbidities in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Material and Method: 73 patients admitted with AE-COPD data on body mass index (BMI), smoking, symptoms, co-morbidities course of the disease, spirometry management were obtained. Results: Eighty-eight percent of the admitted patients had current or past smoking habit of ‘Bidi’ and 9% were cigarette smokers. of admitted patients, 46% had at least one co-morbid condition. Mean FEV1 was 42.5%. Conclusion: Study concluded that the hospitalized patient with AE-COPD suggests spirometric impairments because majority of the patients had current or past smoking habits. Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were found to be the major co-morbidities.

Keywords

AE-COD, Co-morbidities, FEV1.

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Preeti Thakur ¹, Sunil dutt ², Abhishek Chauhan ³

Affiliations
1 Ph.D, Department of Education,Panjab University Chandigarh, IN
2 Professor, Department of Education & Educational Management, NITTTR, Sector 26, Chandigarh, IN
3 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, UIET, PUSSGRC, Hoshiarpur, IN

Abstract

Poverty, hunger, gender inequality are some of the social problems which seems difficult to overcome in a country like India with the second largest population in the world. India is a country, with diverse culture and traditions where nature is being exploited for the benefit of humans. The greed to have more and more of the materialistic things have not only leaded, to the deterioration of our environment, flora and fauna, but has also increased the rate of crime alarmingly. Education is one of the most important factors which can act as a means to achieve the Goals of Sustainable Development as it can help an individual to think logically and inculcate the habit of questioning and finding answers to the unsolved social problems which has spread it ischolar_mains deeply effecting the economic development of our country. Quality education should focus on the overall development of an individual and should also aid in the social and economic development of a nation. To improve the status of the education, we should not mainly focus on just adding on the enrolment of students but also on the methods of teaching. Globalization and industrialization is booming all walks of life with rapid progress in science and technology. Problem based learning can be a promising method of teaching learning process which can give an insight to the learner to understand various social, economic and environmental problems in a better way by integrating science and technology with education. The present paper is an attempt to associate the use of problem based learning (PBL) for achieving the goals of Sustainable development.

Keywords

Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Sustainable Development, Goals, Education.

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