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D. Zealakshmi ¹, A. Ravichandran ¹, S. Kothandaraman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Christ College of Engineering Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet - 605009, Pondicherry, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper presents an outcome of an experimental study to analyse the flexural behavior of confined hybrid fibre high strength over-reinforced concrete with varying volume fraction of steel and polypropylene fibre and to predict the performance using Artificial neural network model. Methods: 13 over-reinforced beams were casted with the size 120mm×200mm×1200mm. Out of this one beam was kept as reference (without fibre) and remaining 12 beams are casted with hybrid fibres with different proportion such as Steel 100%/Polypropylene 0%, Steel 80%/Polypropylene 20% and Steel 60%/Polypropylene 40%. Purposefully all the beams are made as an over-reinforced section in order to ensure the ductile behavior. An Artificial Neural Network has been created to predict the output parameters of the process. Findings: Beam specimens were tested as per ASTM and the deflection were measure for the consecutive loads using dial gauges fixed over the beam. The experimental results revealed that hybrid fiber with volume fraction 2% (Steel 80% - polyolefin 20%) permutation sample develops the flexural performance substantially associated with that of reference beam and steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beam. Improvements: Use of this fiber reinforced concrete with the confined manner improved the ductile behavior and the energy absorption capacity even if it is an over-reinforced beam. Many networks are developed by trial and error method were in Radial Basis Network is found to have good performance than other network created (Back propagation Network). Artificial neural network has the stuff called ability which approximately resembles to their skill to model any given function. Artificial neural network software is proficient of learning and simplifying from illustrations and familiarities, which makes this network becoming an influential tool to solve many complicated problems in the civil engineering projects. In accordance with that a proposed model are very effective in predicting the performances with a greater accuracy.

Keywords

Artificial Neural Network, Confinement, High Strength Concrete, Steel Fibre.

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A. Annadurai ¹, A. Ravichandran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Sathyabama University Chennai – 600119, IN
2 2Christ College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry – 605010, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: An experimental study was carried out to study the flexural behavior of high strength concrete of Grade M60 using Hooked end steel fibers, polyolefin straight fibers in various volume fractions. Methods: Hooked end Steel fibers were added into the high strength concrete at volume fraction of 1%, and 2%, steel and polyolefin fibers were added 80% - 20% and 60% - 40% combination at each volume fraction in order to cast steel fiber (single) reinforced high strength concrete and hybrid fiber (combination of steel & polyolefin) reinforced high strength concrete specimens. The steel mould of size 100 x100 x 500 mm was used for casting of all specimens. Specimen cast with high strength concrete of grade M60 was treated as a control specimen. Other Specimens were treated as study parameters. Findings: All the specimens were tested under third point loading, deflections were measured by using dial gauge at mid span. Deflection ductility calculated from load deflection curve and toughness Indices calculated as per ASTM C 1018-97. The test results Shows that hybrid fiber of volume fraction 2% with Steel 80% -polyolefin 20% combination specimen improves the flexural performance appreciably compared with that of control specimen and steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete specimens. Applications: The use Hybrid fiber reinforced high strength concrete in structural components investigated by various researchers includes columns, Beams, slabs, and Beam-column joints. The primary contribution of fibers is in the area of ductility. Hence most of the studies were focused on evaluating the ductility and energy absorption capacity.

Keywords

High Strength Concrete, Hybrid Fibers, Ductility, Toughness

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D. Zealakshmi ¹, A. Ravichandran ², S. Kothandaraman ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Christ College of Engineering Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet Pondicherry - 605014, IN
2 Christ College of Engineering and Technology, Pitchaveeranpet, Radhakrishnan Nagar, Moolakulam, Pondicherry - 605010, Puducherry, IN
3 Pondicherry Engineering College, ECR Road and VSR Street, Pillaichavadi, Pondicherr - 605014, Pondicherry, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The prime objective of this research is to incorporate the Steel and Polypropylene fibre with varying volume fractions only at the critical sections along with stirrup confinement to improve the flexural behavior and ductility of a high strength concrete beam. Methods: 13 beams of sized 120mm×200mm×2100mm were designed as an overreinforced section by providing higher percentage of steel more than balanced state. Out of 13 beams one beam was kept as a reference beam without fibre reinforcement, four beams were designed with steel fibre and the remaining with hybrid fibres. Except for reference beam all the other beams were placed with fibers at the plastic hinging region. Findings: As per ASTM C 78 all the beams are tested under third point loading and deflections were measured at the respective places using dial gauges. Based on the outcomes from the experimental work, the moment and curvature readings were calculated finally it was concluded that beam improves the Flexural behavior, Load carrying capacity of the beam and behaves as a ductile manner though the beam is an over-reinforced section. Applications: Most of the design codes demand only the ductile failure of the beams which is the major drawback of the over-reinforced concrete. Probably these beams are utilized in the modern construction practices having slender structures with adequate stiffness. Moreover, it’s a proven fact that, a confined concrete definitely increases the strength and ductile behavior of RC beams.

Keywords

Confinement, Flexural Behavior, High Strength Concrete, Steel Fibre

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A. Ravichandran , L.J. Soundara Rajan , G. Bala Sendhil Kumar

Abstract

A study on job satisfaction in manufacturing industry is used to study the job satisfaction level of the employees in the organization and various factors involved in it. Job satisfaction is the sense of fulfillment and pride felt by people who enjoy their work and perform it well. The satisfied workers produce more and wherefrom; the industrial climate is relatively smooth and conductive. The main objectives of this study are to analyze the factors that are utilized to improve employee’s job satisfaction level. The factors that affect job satisfaction are working condition, promotion and work environment. Among these promotions affects the job satisfaction more. The study reveals that majority of the employees are satisfied with the job.

Keywords

Job satisfaction, manufacturing industry, factors

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