Informatics Publishing Limited

A. Faridha ¹, K. Faisal ¹, M. A. Akbarsha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, IN

Abstract

In the background of the decreasing trend of male reproductive health in men and animals, the present study was aimed at finding gravimetric, histopathologoical and histometric changes in the testis of Swiss mouse in response to treatment of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in a chronic toxicity testing over different periods of time and at finding recovery, if any, after cessation of the treatment. AFB₁ suspended in corn oil and ethanol, was administered through intraperitoneal route to 90 day old Swiss mouse at a daily dose of 50mg/kg body weight for 7, 15, 35, 45 days. In the recovery group the mice were kept, after cessation of the treatment, under observation for 35 or 70 days. The testicles and seminal vesicles of the animals were subjected to histopathological analysis adopting paraffin/resin embedding and light microscopy. Computer assisted histometric analysis of several parameters was also made. In general there was little impact of the treatment in the animals treated for 7 days. In the animals treated for 15, 35 and 45 days, there was duration-dependent regression of the testis and seminal vesicles. Histopathological changes were observed in both the spermatogenic and androgenic compartments of the testis. Fragmentation of chromatin of pachytene spermatocytes, generation of uni- and multinucleate gaint cells, and premature loss of spermatids and spermatocytes were observed. Whereas the seminiferous tubules regressed, the Leydig cells underwent hypertrophy and distortion of shape of the nucleus. Generation of multiple micronucleate gaint cells and extensive loss of germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium were observed. Fertility of the mice was severely hampered. The various changes are discussed in relation to the possible effects of AFB₁ on the microtubules of the spindle fibers and the DNA of chromatin. Since spermatogonia and Sertoli cells are not vulnerable targets to AF toxicity, the treated animals recovered over a period of time.

Keywords

Aflatoxin B1, Male Reproductive Toxicity, Testis, Seminal Vesicles.

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A. Rajendra Kumar ¹, N. J. Muthukumar ², A. Faridha ³

Affiliations
1 I/C, Scientist-II, Siddha Regional Research Institute, Chellaperumal Street, Kuyavarpalayam, Puducherry-605013, IN
2 Central Council for Research in Siddha, (Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India) Govt. Anna Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai-600106, IN
3 Siddha Regional Research Institute, Chellaperumal street, Kuyavarpalayam, Puducherry-605013, IN

Abstract

Siddha system of medicine enunciates the usage of herbs and herbal formulations since time immemorial. The advancement in the application of ethno-medicine has been increased globally. The treatment approach in Siddha methodology primarily commences with the administration of “Kudineer” i.e. decoction as a first line of treatment for many diseases. Neermulli Kudineer (NMK) is one such polyherbal decoction enumerated in Siddha medical literatures for various ailments. The usage of Neermulli Kudineer is prevalent among the traditional Siddha clinicians in the treatment of diseases such as oedema, urolithiasis, anuria, dysuria, urinary tract infections, oliguria, ascites, inflammation, obesity, renal hypertension and even in the management of certain infertility cases. Thus Neermulli Kudineer has gained its iconic significance as a potent diuretic in Siddha system of medicine. Diuretics in general, play a pivotal role in renal diseases, cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases. As NMK is a natural herbal diuretic in Siddha medicine, it may overcome the adverse effects of conventional diuretics. The current review is aimed to substantiate the traditional efficacy of ingredients of NMK through Siddha literatures and various scientific literatures. The pharmacological review of the ingredients of this decoction revealed their excellency in antiurolithiatic, diuretic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, hematinic, anti-inflammatory, lithotriptic, analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antihyperglycemic and lipid lowering activities. Hence the traditional use of Neermulli Kudineer is validated with available literatures.

Keywords

Neermulli kudineer, Polyherbal, Decoction, Diuretic, Siddha Medicine, Literatures, Pharmacological Activity.

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