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A. Venkatesh ¹, K. Silambujanaki ¹, D. Raju ¹, A. Elumalai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram Dt, Tamil Nadu-603319, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to look at the antitussive activity of the ethanol extract of Alternanthera sessilis whole plant (EAS) by Sulfur dioxide gas induce model in mice. Results were revealed that the MESI was found to produce significant antitussive activity when compared with control and codeine phosphate in a dose dependent manner. The EAS produced 51.1 and 29.2% inhibition of SO₂ induced cough at doses of 250 and 500mg/kg respectively the standard antitussive drug codeine phosphate(10 and 20mg/kg.p.o) showed 45.2 and 25.3 % inhibition respectively.

Keywords

Alternanthera sessilis, Antitussive Activity, Sulfur Dioxide Gas Induce Model in Mice.

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A. Elumalai ¹, M. Chinna Eswaraiah ¹, Karisha Madhavi Lahari ², Hamed Ali Shaik ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 508 206, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 508 206, IN

Abstract

Previous phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of Bougainvillea glabra leaves (MEBG) has indicated the presence of steroids, flavonoids, glycosides and terpenoid types of compounds. Since these compounds are of pharmacological interest, coupled with the use of this plant in traditional medicine, prompted us to check Bougainvillea glabra leaves for possible analgesic anti inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities. The analgesic activity of MEBG was studied using tail immersion method in mice. While the efficacy of the MEBG (150 and 300mg/kg.p.o) was compared with pentazocaine 30 mg/kg. MEBG recorded 79.88 % inhibition with the highest dose and 81.21% with pentazocaine. The antipyretic activity of MEBG was studied in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. MEBG showed more significant activity. MEBG were also subjected to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced rat paw edema. Indomethacin (100mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. MEBG produced dose-dependent of oedema, which was comparable to Indomethacin and found to be 48.32% and 42.32 % inhibition in carrageenan induced rat paw edema model. Findings from the present study showed MEBG to possess central and peripheral analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory property similar to steroidal and non-steroidal agents as well as antipyretic effect.

Keywords

Bougainvillea glabra Leaves, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Pyretic Activity.

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P. Prashanthi ¹, A. Elumalai ¹, M. Chinna Eswaraiah ¹, Y. Narasimha Rao ¹, Javeed Ahamed ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda Dt, A.P 508 206, IN

Abstract

Shampoo in India was derived from the Hindi word champi meaning hair massage. The introduction of shampoo in India dates back to the British reign in the country. Being a recent development the growth of shampoo or rather the penetration levels of shampoo in the India has been commendable. The shampoo market in India is estimated to be 2,500-3,000 crore. The shampoo market is India is categorized according to the benefits they provide. Mostly consisting of three kinds of shampoos cosmetic, herbal and anti dandruff, the shampoo market in India has managed to tap users of the various segments according to their requirements and preferences. Due to the continuous efforts of the top shampoo brands in India penetration of shampoos in urban areas is almost 100%. As far as penetration of shampoo in the rural areas is concerned it has risen by almost 18% in the current scenario. The market research shows upward trend in the herbal shampoo trade playing a major role in fuelling this world wide demand for herbals. The recent interest of consumers in herbal shampoos has been stimulated by the decline of faith in modern shampoos, the belief that plant remedies were natural and thereby superior to man-made synthetic shampoos. These reasons have contributed to the increased acceptance as well as manufacture of herbal shampoos. Many herbs have been scientifically evaluated for its shampoo properties. Similarly there is a lack of scientific review on formulation and evaluation parameters for herbal shampoo preparations. This review attempts to fill up this gap and emphasizes the need for safety evaluation of herbal shampoos.

Keywords

Herbal Shampoo, Formulation and Evaluation Parameters.

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Bhargavi Kakarla ¹, Sapavath Krishna ¹, A. Elumalai ¹, M. Chinna Eswaraiah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda Dt, A.P 508 206, IN

Abstract

Over the past century, phytochemical and phytopharmacological sciences established the compositions, biological activities and health promoting benefits of numerous plant products. Most of the biologically active constituents of plants are polar or water soluble molecules. However, water soluble phytoconstituents (like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids etc) are poorly absorbed either due to their large molecular size which cannot absorb by passive diffusion, or due to their poor lipid solubility; severely limiting their ability to pass across the lipid-rich biological membranes, resulting poor bioavailability. The term "phyto" means plant while "some" means cell-like. Phytosomes are little cell like structure. This is advanced forms of herbal formulations which contains the bioactive phytoconsituents of herb extract surrounds and bound by a lipid. Because of water soluble herbal extract and lipophilic outer layer phytosomes shows better absorption and as a result produce better bioavailability and actions than the conventional herbal extracts containing dosage form. Phytosome technology has been effectively used to enhance the bioavailability of many popular herbal extracts including milk thistle, ginkgo, biloba, grape seed, green tea, hawthorn, ginseng etc and can be developed for various therapeutic uses or dietary supplements.

Keywords

Phytosomes, Better Bioavailability.

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A. Elumalai ¹, M. Chinna Eswaraiah ¹, M. Nikhitha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh 508 206, IN

Abstract

Use of herbs in cosmetic applications has increasingly exponentially during recent years. The objective of present study involves the preparation and evaluation of herbal lipstick containing different formulations of Punica granatum peel extracts (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5). Evaluation parameters such as melting point, breaking point, thixotropy character, force of application and surface anomalies were performed. The results showed that formulation F4 containing Punica granatum peel extract have better stability than other formulations.

Keywords

Herbal Lipstick, Punica granatum Peel Extracts, Better Stability.

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A. Elumalai ¹, V. Naresh ¹, M. Chinna Eswaraiah ¹, P. Narendar ¹, Raj Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad(M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 508 206, IN

Abstract

The antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Couroupita guianensis leaves (EECG) was investigated in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in experimental rats. In both models the common parameter determined was ulcer index. Ethanolic extract of Couroupita guianensis at a dose of 150 and 300mg/kg produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by pylorus ligation induced ulcer and ethanol induced gastric ulcer. The extract (150mg/kg and 300mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to control. This present study indicates that EECG have potential anti-ulcer activity in both models. These results may further suggest that the extract was found to possess antiulcerogenic as well as ulcer healing properties, which might be due to its antisecretory activity.

Keywords

Ethanolic Extract, Couroupita guianensis, Pylorus Ligation, Ethanol Induced Ulcer Model, Ulcer Index, Ranitidine.

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A. Elumalai ¹, Nikhitha Mathangi ¹, Adarsh Didala ¹, Raju Kasarla ¹, Yetcharla Venkatesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (v), Kodad(M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh,- 508 206, IN

Abstract

Herbal drugs are traditional method of treating the diseases in worldwide, the plant having ability to treat the diseases also known as medicinal plant. Several types of medicinal plants are breathing in the nature and effective in different type of diseases. In traditional systems of medicine, different parts (leaves, stems, ischolar_mains and even whole plant) of Ceiba pentandra have been recommended for the treatment of bronchitis, diabetics, diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, arthritis, painful eye diseases, chronic fever, insect bite etc. All parts of this plant have numerous therapeutic activities for the treatment of a variety of diseases. It is known as a rich source of tannins, flavonoids and glycosides. This review highlights the use of Ceiba pentandra for the treatment of different disorders and presents the author's approach to the scientific assessment on Ceiba pentandra as potential source of therapeutic agents.

Keywords

Ceiba pentandra, Diabetics, Diarrhoea, Review.

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A. Elumalai ¹, M. Chinna Eswariah ¹, C. H. Vidhyulatha Chowdary ¹, Ranjith Kumar ¹, M. Anusha ¹, K. Naresh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad(M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 508 206, IN

Abstract

Investigation with the crude methanolic extract of Bougainvillea glabra carried out to evaluate its possible thrombolysis activity. Myocardial or cerebral infractions are the serious consequences in Atherothrombotic diseases leading to death and the side effects produced by consecutive use of thrombolytic agent like t-PA, Urokinase and streptokinase to treat these diseases has become a global concern. Extraction was carried out using Soxhlet apparatus. The crude methanolic extract was found to have significant thrombolytic activity at a dose of 800μ g/ml with a maximum effect comparable with Streptokinase as a positive control and water as a negative control.

Keywords

Bougainvillea glabra, Thrombolysis Activity, Streptokinase.

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G. Gopi ¹, A. Elumalai ², P. Jayasri ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Srinivas Nagar, Kurnool (Dt), Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, 518501, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 508 206, IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Srinivas Nagar, Kurnool (Dt), Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, 518 501, IN

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of Manihot esculents tuber starch as a disintegrant to paracetamol tablets at a concentration of 2-10%. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, uniformity, disintegration time and drug dissolution rate. The prepared tablets showed high disintegration and dissolution rate, because of its high swelling factor and low viscosity. The formulated tablet showed less disintegration time using extracted starch used as disintegrant. Dissolution studies showed the drug release from the prepared tablets containing 7.5-10%w/w was 80-90% in 1 hr. From the above results the extracted starch formulations showed good disintegrant and dissolution properties.

Keywords

Manihot esculenta, Disintegration and Dissolution Rate.

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M. Chinna Eswaraiah ¹, A. Elumalai ², N. Manasa ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda (DT), Andhra Pradesh, 508 206, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad(M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 508 206, IN

Abstract

Mussaenda erythrophylla is an important Ayurvedic plant, belongs to the family Rubiaceae. The present study deals with a detailed pharmacognostical study on the leaf of M. erythrophylla. Literature survey reveals the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, tannins and glycosides. The physiochemical, morphological, histochemical and UV spectrophotometric profile presented in this paper will help in the identification of the drug and identifying the bio-marker responsible for therapeutic activity.

Keywords

Mussaenda erythrophylla, Pharmacognostical Study, Rubiaceae.

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G. Gopi ¹, A. Elumalai ², P. Jayasri ³

Affiliations
1 Mahathi College of Pharmacy, CTM X Road, Chittoor (Dt), ,Andhra Pradesh, 517 319, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 508 206, IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Srinivas Nagar, Kurnool (Dt), Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, 518 501, IN

Abstract

The present study is to evaluate a systemic record of the relative antioxidant activity of Kedrostis foetidissima. The ethanolic extract of Kedrostis foetidissima was screened for their free radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide and nitric oxide scavenging activity. Total antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract were compared with standard antioxidants ascorbic acid, copper sulphate 2, 6- di-ter-butyl-p-hydroxytoluene (BHT). Results indicate the ethanolic extract exhibited antioxidant potential of in-vitro screening methods. The results indicate that ethanolic extract showed moderate activity against standard drugs.

Keywords

Kedrostis foetidissima, In-vitro Antioxidant Activity, DPHH, Free Radical Scavenging Activity.

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A. Elumalai ¹, G. Prakash Yoganandam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, SRM College of Pharmacy, Kattankulathur-603319, Kancheepuram Dt, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic of extract Pisonia grandis R.Br leaf (EPGL) in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Loss in body weight during arthritis condition was corrected on treatment with EPGL and standard drug, indomethacin. Biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin content, total WBC, RBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also estimated. The ethanolic extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight inhibited the rat paw edema by 68.32% which is comparable with standard drug indomethacin 75.87% inhibition of rat paw edema after 21 days. The results of the current investigation concluded that EPGL possess a significant anti-arthritic activity against freund's adjuvant induced arthritis and justifying its therapeutic role in arthritic condition. The observed antiarthritic activity may be due to the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids.

Keywords

Arthritis, Freund’s Adjuvant, Indomethacin, EPGL-Ethanolic Extract of Pisonia grandis Leaf.

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