Informatics Publishing Limited

Sunil Kumar ¹, S. P. Dahiya ¹, A. S. Yadav ¹, Sandeep Kumar ¹, Piyush Tomar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Milk and dairy products have significant importance to human nutrition during different stages of life but they can also act as vehicle for spread of various milk-borne diseases. India is a developing country and faces greater challenges m this aspect due to poor knowledge of processing or storage of dairy products which is responsible for transmission of a number of milk-borne zoonotic diseases viz., tuberculosis, brucellosis, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis etc. These diseases pose severe threat to human life and some of them could be fatal as well. There is a need to detect these pathogens which can transmit due to insufficient pasteurization of milk or milk products or through post-pasteurization contamination, m order to successfully avoid transmission of these diseases. Proper pasteurization, surveillance and pubHc awareness about milk borne zoonotic diseases can contribute significantly m reducing incidence of these diseases. This review highlights the important milk borne diseases and their remedy for control and prevention of these diseases.

Keywords

Brucellosis, Campylobacteriosis, Pasteurization, Salmonellosis, Tuberculosis.

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K. K. Pant ¹, Vinit Kumar ¹, Bhaskar Biswas ¹, Arvind Kumar ¹, Shankar Lal ¹, Sona Chandran ¹, Saket Kumar Gupta ¹, Md. Khursheed ², Pravin Nerpagar ¹, A. K. Sarkar ¹, Ravi Kumar Pandit ¹, K. Ruwali ³, K. Sreeramulu ³, S. Das ³, R. S. Shinde ³, S. Chouksey ⁴, J. K. Parate ⁴, Viraj Bhanage ⁵, P. P. Deshpande ⁵, Shradha Tiwari ⁵, Mandar Joshi ⁶, Lalita Jain ⁵, Anand Valecha ⁷, Ayukt Pathak ⁵, M. A. Ali ⁵, H. R. Bundel ⁵, Purushottam Shrivastava ⁸, T. Reghu ⁸, Umesh Kale ⁸, Yashwant Wanmode ⁸, Praveen Mohania ⁸, Jaikishan Mulchandani ⁸, Akhil Patel ⁸, Mahesh Acharya ⁸, Ashish Mahawar ⁸, Mahendra Lad ⁹, M. K. Jain ⁹, Nitesh Tiwari ⁹, Pritam S. Bagduwal ⁹, V. G. Sathe ¹⁰, Sujata Joshi ¹⁰, Ram Shiroman ¹⁰, A. S. Yadav ¹⁰, Randhir Kumar ¹⁰, Alok Singh ¹¹, Vineet K. Dwivedi ¹¹, Mangesh Borage ¹², S. R. Tiwari ¹¹

Affiliations
1 Materials and Advanced Accelerator Sciences Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
2 Advanced Lasers and Optics Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
3 Accelerator Magnet Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
4 Design and Manufacturing Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
5 Laser Controls and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
6 Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, IN
7 Accelerator Control Systems Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
8 Pulsed High Power Microwave Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
9 Radio Frequency Systems Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
10 Ultra-High Vacuum Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
11 Power Converters Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
12 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN

Abstract

An Infrared Free Electron Laser (IR-FEL) designed to operate in the 12.5–50 μm wavelength band is presently in an advanced stage of commissioning at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore. Here we report results from first experiments on the IR-FEL after installation of its optical cavity, which has resulted in a power output that is ~105 times the expected spontaneous emission power for the beam parameters used in the experiment. The estimated out-coupled peak micro-pulse power during these experiments is ~2 kW. This is the first observed signature of lasing in the IR-FEL, and the first reported lasing in a FEL in India. This communication discusses the development of the IR-FEL, the recent experimental results, and the ongoing efforts to further increase the IR power to the design peak out-coupled power of 2 MW.

Keywords

Beam Parameters, Free Electron Laser, Infrared Power, Undulator.

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Archana Sarangi ¹, Pardeep Singh ², Meenakshi Virmani ², A. S. Yadav ³, Subhasish Sahu ⁴, H. M. Ajithakumar ¹, Anuradha Kumari ⁴, A. P. Rath ⁵

Affiliations
1 Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Livestock Production and Management, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, IN
5 Department of Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Aim: An experiment was designed to evaluate the role of Vitamin E and glutathione in improving the seminal parameters during hypothermic storage of liquid semen at 4°C for 72 h.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six semen ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina from 6 bucks (Beetal) during the normal reproduction season (September to November) at weekly interval. The samples were centrifuged, and the seminal plasma was removed. The sperm pellet was diluted with Tris-based extender and divided into three groups. Group T1:Control samples without antioxidants, Group T2:Samples supplemented with tocopherol at 3 mM, and Group T3:Samples supplemented with glutathione at 1 mM. The samples were evaluated for progressive motility, percent liveability, percent abnormal spermatozoa, and acrosome integrity after liquid preservation for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. The level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes, namely, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated after liquid preservation for 0 and 72 h.
Results: It was observed that, after storage of semen at 4°C up to 72 h, the progressive sperm motility, percent liveability, percent abnormal spermatozoa, and percent intact acrosomes were significantly (p˂0.05) higher in group T2 and T3 samples as compared to control. However, the level of lipid peroxidation in T2 and T3 groups was significantly (p˂0.05) lower after 72 h of incubation at 4°C. Similarly, GPx and SOD values were significantly (p˂0.05) increased in T2 and T3 groups after 72 h of storage at 4°C.
Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that Vitamin E and glutathione supplementation at 3 mM and 1 mM, respectively, while preserving the semen samples at 4°C helped in maintaining the seminal parameters up to 72 h and protected the spermatozoa from oxidative damage.

Keywords

Beetal Buck, Glutathione and Liquid Preservation, Oxidative Stress, Semen, Seminal Parameters, Vitamin E.

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