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- L. C. Chuku
- E. Edeh Imomotimi
- N. C. Chinaka
- O. C. U. Adumanya
- G. A. Obi-Adumanya
- E. M. Arhoghro
- E. O. Anosike
- C. U. Ogunka-Nnoka
- N. C. Nwachoko
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- D. A. Onoriose
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Uwakwe, A. A.
- Analysis of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters, to Study the Ecological Relationship on Selected Species of Vertebrates
Abstract Views :498 |
PDF Views:332
Authors
L. C. Chuku
1,
A. A. Uwakwe
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 9 (2012), Pagination: 208-212Abstract
Objectives: Hematological and biochemical analysis studies of ruminant vertebrates (cow, sheep and goat) will provide us an acceptable method for understanding the ecological relationship among the vertebrates. Methods: Haematological/Biochemical studies were carried out on blood from the ruminants: Goat (Capra hircus-L), sheep (Ovis Aries dolrchra), cattle (Bos taurus) and human (Homosapiens) as control. Results: Electrophoretically, goat blood revealed three different Hb polymorphic types: HbAA (45%), HbAS (50%) and HbSS (5%). Only the 'O' Rh blood group was observed in all cases, and GST values of 4.05-6.30 I.U were obtained on the other hand. Cow Hb electrophoresis produced two patterns corresponding to the human HbAA and HbAS types. Only the 'O' Rh- blood group was obtained in all cases and GST values of 2.85-5.02 I.U were obtained, while sheep blood produced only the HbAA-type, only the 'O' blood group was identified in all case. GST activity values were in the range of 3.05-4.52 IU. Conclusion: These results could point to a definite haematological and biochemical similarity between man and ruminants and thus serves as a springboard for further genetic studies using lower vertebrate's as research models.Keywords
Haemoglobin, Glutathione-S-transferase, Genotype, ErythrocyteReferences
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- The Effect of some Antimalarial Drugs on Human Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity
Abstract Views :314 |
PDF Views:305
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB -5323, PHC, R/S, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, Madonna University, PMB-48, Elele, R/S, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB -5323, PHC, R/S, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, Madonna University, PMB-48, Elele, R/S, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 9 (2012), Pagination: 213-217Abstract
The invitro study on the effect of the antimalarial drugs; Chloroquine, Lariam, Camoquine, Quinine, Halfan and Fansidar on human serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was investigated at pH 7.5., results obtained revealed that chloroquine had little or no significant effect on the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase activity while others (lariam, camoquine, quinine, halfan, and fansidar) activated the enzyme in a concentration dependent manner.Keywords
Drugs, Anti-malarial, Activity, Concentration, Enzyme, Inhibition, DiagnosisReferences
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- Cahn RD, Kaplan ND, Lavin L and Zwilling LE (1962) Mature and development of LDH.Sci. 136, 962-963.
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- Effect of Malaria on Rural Household's Farm Income in Imo State-a Case Study of Umuna Orlu and Umuagwo Ohaji Egbema Village
Abstract Views :398 |
PDF Views:279
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Science Lab Technology, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, NG
1 Department of Science Lab Technology, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 8 (2012), Pagination: 179-184Abstract
Objective: Malaria is one of the commonest tropical diseases plaguing the African continent and the rural areas of the continent in particular, Hence this study was carried out to analyze the effect of malaria on the overall farm income of the rural households, the level of awareness and use of modern preventive measures of treating malaria in Umuna Orlu and Umuagwo Ohaji Egbema in Imo State. Methods: Stratified random sampling procedure was employed for the research survey in which the first level of stratification involved the random selection of two local government area (L.G.A.) the second level of stratification was that of selection of 12 villages and the third level of stratification was the selection of 42 households each from the villages. A total number of 500 respondents were finally used for data analysis using both descriptive and multiple regression techniques. Results: Low level of awareness (60%) use of modern preventive measures (20%), poor sanitary conditions and large household eight persons), were the major factors responsible for the high malaria incidence in the rural household. The increase in malaria incidence however had a significant effect on the health and farm income of the farmers through increase in the number of days of incapacitation of an average of 209 days and an income loss of N43, 020 during the days of incapacitation. The recommended policies arising from the economic implications of these empirical findings were that public enlightenment under the aegis of the "Roll Back malaria campaign" should be intensified in the rural areas in particular and treated mosquito bed nets provided at subsidized rates to rural households. Farmers on their part should keep clean environment.Keywords
Incapacitation, Malaria, Rural Households, Farm IncomeReferences
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- World Health Organization (2000): Malaria Desk Situation Analysis-Nigeria. pp: 120
- Haematological and Biochemical Studies on Selected Species of Fishes
Abstract Views :330 |
PDF Views:262
Authors
L. C. Chuku
1,
A. A. Uwakwe
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 8 (2012), Pagination: 185-191Abstract
In this study the following biochemical and haematological studies on Catfish (Clarius gariepianus); Mullet (Mugi cephalus), Tilpia (Oreochromis niloticus), mudskipper (Gobi I), African sleeper (Gobi-II), were carried out; Haemmoglobin electrophorosis, ABO Blood grouping and Glutathine-S-Transferase (GST) activity. About 50% of catfish indicated the Rh.D- while thew remaining 50% indicated the Rh.D+ blood group/. The 'A' 'O' and 'AB' blood groups were detected and glutathione-S- transferase activity values of 5.64 - 7.27 I.U were obtained. Hb concentration values were of the range of 5.5 -10.7gm% blood group results gave values of 50% D+ (A,O) and 50% (AB). GST activity values of 13.50-20.10 I.U were obtained. Gobi-I and Gobi-II Hb electrophoretic pattern was similar to human HbSS blood with Hb concentration range of 1.8-5.57gm%. GST activity values of 16.97-33.08 I.U. were obtained. Haemoglobin electrophoresis of Tilapia produced multiple patterns corresponding to human HbSS, HbCC and possibly HbCD. Hb concentration values were of the range of 3.70-12.94gm% and GST opf 9.90-12.92 I.U were obtained. Only the 'O' and 'AB' blood groups were identified.Keywords
Haemoglobin, Glutathione-S-Transferase, Genotype, SerumReferences
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- Ocimum gratissimum Aqueous Extract Enhances Recovery in Cisplatin - Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats
Abstract Views :708 |
PDF Views:912
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 5 (2012), Pagination: 129-142Abstract
In the current study, the dose dependent(5% and 10%) and time course curative potential of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum (O.G.) on cisplatin induced nephrotoxic rats using biochemical and histopathological approaches was evaluated. Male albino wistar rats weighing between 150-200g were randomly separated into four different groups. Tissue damage was induced in rats of groups 2, 3 and 4 by a single intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin(5mg/kg b.w). Test rats in groups' 3 and 4 were treated 3 days after cisplatin injection intraperitoneally (i.p) with 5% and 10% C.C. accordingly for 3,6,9 and 12 days. Rats in group 2 were given sterile water in place of the extracts while rats in group I were the untreated controls. They were all allowed unlimited access to tap water and growers' mash. Cisplatin treatment caused increases (P≤ 0.05) in serum urea from 5.733 ± 0.06 to 13.000 ± 0.10 mmol/l, creatinine, uric acid, urine volume and urinary protein. Significant decreases (P≤ 0.05) in urinary creatinine were also observed. There were considerable decreases (P≤ 0.05) in body weight and increase (P≤ 0.05) in kidney weight to body weight ratio. However most of these changes were alleviated by prophylactic treatment with aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum dose and time dependently (P≤ 0.05).The ameliorating effect was further evident through decreased histopathological alterations of kidney tissues in the groups treated with aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum (5% and 10%). The results of this study indicate that aqueous leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum affect the course of tubular repair after the onset of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats with accelerated recovery. Hence the extracts have the potential to be used for the management of nephropathies and as a therapeutic adjuvant in cisplatin toxicity.Keywords
Ocimum gratissimum, Nephrotoxicity, Cisplatin, NephropathiesReferences
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- Serum Enzyme and Histological Studies of Albino Rat Treated with Ethanol/potash Extract of Sorghum bicolor Leaf Sheath
Abstract Views :345 |
PDF Views:368
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, NG
1 Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 74-78Abstract
The effect of ethanol/potash extract of the leaf sheath of Sorghum bicolor on the histology and serum enzymes was investigated using wistar albino rat placed in four groups of five rats each. The following quantities: 1000, 2000 and 3000mg of the extract was administered orally to the albino rats per kg body weight, while 0.5ml of 0.9% normal saline solution served as control to the fourth group. The rats were dissected after 14 days. Results for Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ranges as follows: 30-46 U/L, 07/137 U/L and 38-130U/L respectively. The high values of these liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) relative to control values are indicative of severe intra hepatic cell damage. Histopathological examination also, revealed lesion or alteration in the morphological features of the liver and kidney in all the animals. This sample used in the management of anaemia has been observed in rats under the conditions of this study to be toxic to both the liver and the kidney.Keywords
Sorghum bicolor, Ethanol/potash, Serum Enzyme, Histological, Albino RatReferences
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- Owolagba GK, Avwioro OG, Oduola T, Adeosun OG, Enaowho TN, Wilson JJ and Ajumobi KO (2009) Histological observation of 24hrs oral administration of the extract of S. bicolor on albino Rat. J. Cell Animal Biol. 3(1), 001-003.
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- Effects of some Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs on Erythrocyte NADPH Methaemoglobin Reductase (E.C. 1.6.4.4) Activity of Albino Rats (Rattus rattus)
Abstract Views :379 |
PDF Views:337
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port, Harcourt, Choba, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port, Harcourt, Choba, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 39-42Abstract
The invivo effects of three oral hypoglycaemic drugs viz., daonil (a glIbenclamide), diabenese (a sulphonylurea) and glucophage (a metformin) on erythrocyte nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) methaemoglobin reductase activity of Wister albino rats (Rattus rattus) were monitored at drug concentrations of 0.00, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03mg/200g body weight. The effects of the drugs were monitored for fourteen days at intervals of 1, 2 , 6 and 14 day(s) followed by administration of each drug. Three rats were used per each drug concentration per time interval (days). NADPH activity was measured at pH 8.0 and at 37°C. Glucophage activated NADPH methaemoglobin reductase activity in a concentration dependent manner with optimal activity obtained at a concentration of 0.03mg/200g body weight and on the sixth day of drug administration. For instance, at drug concentrations of 0.00, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03mg/200g body weight and at 6th day of administration, NADPH activity (IU/L) of 1.56 ± 0.04, 5.33+ 0.20, 7.45 ± 0.53 and 12.49 ± 0.62 were obtained for glucophage . The increase in enzyme activity following drug administration was progressive with time duration (in days). Maximum effect was obtained on the sixth day, which declines on the 14th day. At the same concentrations, the activities of NADPH methaemoglobin reductase for daonil were: 1.56 ± 0.03, 0.92 ± 0.09, 0.94 ± 0.11, 1.17 ± 0.01 respectively. Thus, there was an inhibitory effect when daonil was administered (P<0.05) while for diabenese there was no significant effect at P<0.05. Thus, only glucophage displayed a significant increase in activity (P<0.05). The implications of these findings to the functional integrity of erythrocytes are discussed in this work.Keywords
Hypoglycemia, NADPH, Erythrocyte, Daonil, Diabenese, GlucophageReferences
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- Studies on the Antiplasmodial Effects of Metaprim and Alaxin on some Selected Supplements
Abstract Views :588 |
PDF Views:473
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 26-31Abstract
Malaria is one of the most serious health challenges facing the world today. It is a disease caused by plasmodium. Successful malarial control depends greatly on treatment with effective anti-malarial drugs. Countries have implemented many national malarial treatment policy, which specifies drugs for treatment of both uncomplicated and severe malaria in pregnancy and what to do if first line treatment fails. This investigation is based on the antiplasmodial effects of Metaprim and Alaxin on some selected supplements such as grape juice, orange juice, supermalt and vitamin C. 80 patients (adults) infected with malaria parasites were chosen for this study. After which the anti-malarial drugs and the supplements were co-administered appropriately for 3 days. The result shows that the concomitant administration of the drugs with the multivitamin (super-malt) did not alter the efficacy and potency of the drugs, while grape juice, orange juice and vitamin C altered the efficacy and potency of the drugs. Therefore, the concomitant administration of these anti-malarial drugs with grape juice, orange juice and vitamin C as supplements should be avoided during the period of malaria treatment for the efficacy of drugs.Keywords
Antiplasmodial ,Alaxin, Metaprim, Plasmodium, SupplementsReferences
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- The Vitamin and Mineral Contents of "OKPA" Prepared with Fluted Pumpkin and Scent Leaves
Abstract Views :362 |
PDF Views:816
Authors
O. C. Adumanya
1,
A. A. Uwakwe
2,
R. C. Ohiri
2,
O. B. Odeghe
2,
G. A. Obi-Adumanya
1,
M. O. Chukwu
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Medicine and Healthcare, Vol 1, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 50-53Abstract
The inhabitants of the eastern part of Nigeria often process the Bambara nut flour into "Okpa". The "Okpa" is a well-cherished food, especially among the inhabitants of the eastern part of Nigeria. The vitamin and mineral contents (mg/100g) of "Okpa" prepared with fluted pumpkin and scent leaves were determined. The result shows that the addition of the vegetables increased the vitamin B1, B2, and B3 contents of "Okpa" compared with the control at P ≤ 0.05. Nevertheless, it did not alter that of vitamin C levels at P ≤ 0.05. The order of increase in vitamin B1 levels were, sample B > D > C > A. While that of vitamin B2 levels were, sample C > D>B> A and that of B3 contents were D > C >B > A. This points that the presence of these vegetables could serve as a booster to the vitamin contents of "Okpa". Also the mineral contents, especially phosphorus, magnesium and calcium ions were significantly change compared with the control at P ≤ 0.05. The "Okpa" with fluted pumpkin leaves had the highest phosphorus ion contents (136.623 ± 0.372), followed by "Okpa" with fluted pumpkin and scent leaves combined (114.433 ±0.377) and then "Okpa" with scent leaf (92.783 ± 0.377) compared with the control (22.533 ± 0.448). The magnesium ion levels was highest in "Okpa" with fluted pumpkin (18.400 ±1.131) followed by "Okpa" with combined leaves (16.000 ± 1.131) and then "Okpa" with scent leaf (12.800 ± 2.263) compared with the control (11.200 ± 1.131). The potassium contents was also highest in "Okpa" with fluted pumpkin leaf (165.860 ± 0.377), followed by "Okpa" with scent leaf (153.600 ± 0.653) and "Okpa" with the combined leaves (143.733 ± 28.097) compared with the control (70.133 ± 0.377). The levels of calcium ion was highest in "Okpa" with scent leaf and "Okpa" with the combined leaves (85.50 ±1.890) respectively, followed by "Okpa" with fluted pumpkin leaf compared with the control (78.833 ±1.890). The sodium ion levels was not affected significantly at P ≤ 0.05 compared with the control. These results suggest that the vegetables especially fluted pumpkin leaves could serve as a booster to the mineral and vitamin contents of "Okpa".Keywords
Okpa, Bambara Nut, Fluted Pumpkin, Scent LeavesReferences
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- Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Boswellia dalzielii hutch on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, River state, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, River state, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Medicine and Healthcare, Vol 1, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 54-63Abstract
The aqueous extract of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch was reported to strengthen the liver. Hence, the effect of this plant on carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. 96 male rats were divided into 7 groups of 12 rats each. 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg methanolic extract of the leaves of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch were administered orally for 4 weeks after 0.63ml of CCl4/kg body weight was used to induce hepatotoxicity. Reducdyn and vitamin E were used as standard control drugs. Liver functions were assessed by the assay of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The biochemical observations were confirmed by histological examinations of the liver sections and are comparable with the standard hepatoprotective drug, reducdyn and vitamin E, which served as positive control. The effect of the extract increased with increase in the extract concentration. When the different concentrations of the extract were compared with the drugs, they were found to mimic the hepatoprotective effect of the drugs. The overall experimental results indicate that the biologically active antioxidant phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch could alleviate the toxic action of CCl4 in the liver of rat.Keywords
Boswellia dalzielii Hutch, carbon Tetrachloride, Hepatotoxicity, Histopathology, Liver Function Enzymes, Reducdyn,vitamin E, Anti-oxidants.References
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- Effects of Griseofulvin on some Haematological and Histological Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Medicine and Healthcare, Vol 1, No 7 (2012), Pagination: 184-187Abstract
Griseofulvin, an antifungal agent was investigated invivo for its possible effects on some haematological and histological parameters of wistar albino rats (Rattus rattus). Different concentrations (0.1, 0.3. 0.7, and 1.0 mg/ml) of griseofulvin were administered to wistar albino rats (Rattus rattus). Packed cell volume (PCV), blood haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) counts were monitored periodically (weekly) for four weeks. The results showed that there were significant reduction P=<0.05 in both PCV and blood haemoglobin values. The highest decrease in PCV and Hb values was observed in fourth week (25.0±1.4) as compared to the control (41.0±2.0) for PCV and Hb (7.76±1.3) as compared to the control (13.60±1.8). There were significant increase P(<0.05) in the WBC count, with the highest increase in the first week(12.70±2.4) as compared to the control of (8.50±0.2).Histological examinations of the rat's liver tissue was also carried out following administration of griseofulvin. It was observed that griseofulvin did not cause any serious damage to the rat's liver tissues.Keywords
Griseofulvin, PVC, Hb, WBCReferences
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- Effect of Microgynon, Primolut-N and Postinor on Plasma Total Protein of Wistar Albino Rat (Rattus rattus)
Abstract Views :527 |
PDF Views:507
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B 5323, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B 5323, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, IN
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B 5323, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B 5323, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Medicine and Healthcare, Vol 1, No 6 (2012), Pagination: 127-131Abstract
Microgynon a combined pill (0.15mg levonorgestrel and 0.03mg ethinylestradiol), Primolut-N a mini pill (5mg norethister-one) and Postinor a post coital pill (0.75mg levonorgestrel) were analysed for their Invivo effects on wistar albino rat, plasma total protein. Plasma total protein is a measure of the total amount of proteins in the blood. Studies showed that plasma total protein was decreased by the drugs with Microgynon having the highest decrease (0.57 ± 0.19 g/l) (P < 0.05) followed by Primulot (0.95 ± 0.19 g/l) and then Postinor (1.14 ± 0.19 g/l). The random use of the drugs in our society today especially as most women abuse these drugs demands for more biochemical research to elucidate the effects of these drugs not only on the hormones but also, on other biochemical parameters like the plasma total protein. The obtained results indicate that women should use these drugs only after physicians advice.Keywords
Microgynon, Primolut-N, Total ProteinReferences
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- Grimes DA, Mishell DR Jr and Speroff L (1993) Contraceptive choices for women with medical problems. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 198, 625-630.
- Kay CR, Crombie DL, Kuenssberg EV, Pinsent RJFH, Richards B, Smith A, Crowther CH (1974) Oral contraceptives and health. The Royal college of General Practitioners study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 10,150.
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- Effects of Levonorgestrel, Ethinylestradiol and Norethisterone on Plasma Cholesterol and Triglycerides of Wistar Albino Rat (Rattus rattus)
Abstract Views :332 |
PDF Views:262
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt Nigeria, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt Nigeria, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Medicine and Healthcare, Vol 1, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 85-89Abstract
The effects of Microgynon, a combined oral contraceptive pill (0.15mg levonorgestrel and 0.03mg ethinylestradiol) and Primolut -N, a progestogen only pill (5mg norethisterone) were analysed for their in-vivo effects on rat (<I>rattus rattus</I>) plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. The drugs decreased plasma cholesterol levels in a concentration dependent manner. Microgynon had the most effect, and a highest percentage decrease of 93.33% (0.002 ± 0.001 mmol/l (P < 0.05)) was observed for the highest dose of 3.6μg/100g body wt. Primolut had lesser effects with figures (0.008 ± 0.001 mmo/l and 0.009 ± 0.001mmol/l respectively). The drugs increased the levels of triglyceride with Microgynon showing the highest value (0.114 ± 0.006 mmol/l). This result indicates that lipoprotein profile are needed for women before using these drugs.Keywords
Levonorgestrel, Ethinylestradiol, Norethisterone , Cholesterol, TriglyceridesReferences
- Bracken MB, Hellenbrand KG, Holford TR (1990) Conception delay after oral contraceptive use: The effect of estrogen dose. Fertil. Steril. 53,21.
- Briggs M (1992) The metabolic impact of oral contraceptives. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.14 (15), 443.
- Grimes DA, Mishell DR Jr, Speroff L (1993) Contraceptive choices for women with medical problems. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 198, 625-630.
- Henderson M, Dorflinger J, Fishman J, Foster HW, Gump FE, Hellman S, Hulka BS, Mattison DR, McKay SAR, Moses LE, Norsigian J, Potts M, Schwartz NB, Smith H, Stolley PD and Wiggins PV (1991) Oral contraceptives and breast cancer. National Academy Press. pp: 1-77.
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- Effects of Oral Contraceptives - Microgynon and Primolut-n on Plasma Creatinine of Wistar Albino Rat
Abstract Views :650 |
PDF Views:319
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, PMB 5323, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, PMB 5323, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Medicine and Healthcare, Vol 1, No 7 (2012), Pagination: 168-171Abstract
Oral contraceptives such as Microgynon a combined pill (0.15mg levonorgestrel and 0.03mg ethinylestradiol) and Primolut -N a mini pill (5mg norethisterone) were investigated for their Invivo effects on wistar albino rat plasma creatinine levels. Test results showed that the drugs raised plasma creatinine levels in a concentration dependent manner but the increase in creatinine levels were not time dependent. The highest increase of 300% was observed for Microgynon at the highest concentration of 3.60μg/100g body wt (354 ± 0.00 μmol/l). The highest increase obtained for Primolut-N was 182.75% (236 ± 29.50μmol/l). The differences in dosage were statistically significant on the effect of the drugs on the plasma creatinine levels at 95.0% confidence level (P<0.05). Creatinine is a protein breakdown product and its level is a reflection of the bodies muscle mass, but unlike urea, creatinine is almost independent of diet. Since the blood level reflects the balance between production and excretion, it varies little from day to day if renal function remains constant. This result makes it imperative that kidney function tests are needed for women before using these drugs.Keywords
Oral Contraceptives, Microgynon, Primolut-n, Plasma CreatinineReferences
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- Briggs M (1978) Biochemical basis for the selection of oral contraceptives. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 39 (8), 19
- CHPE, Division of Reproductive Health, (1984) Family planning methods and practice : Africa. US. Public Health service. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta Georgia 30333. USA.
- Grimes DA, Mishell DR Jr and Speroff L (1993) Contraceptive choices for women with medical problems. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 198, 625-630.
- Grinspoon SK, Friedman AJ, Miller KK, Lippman J, Olson WH and Warren MP (2003) Effects of a triphasic combination oral contraceptive containing Norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in young women with osteopenia secondary to hypothalamic amenorrhea. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabolism. 88 (8), 3651-3656.
- Henderson M, Dorflinger J, Fishman J, Foster HW and Gump FE, Hellman S, Hulka BS, Mattison DR, McKay SAR, Moses LE, Norsigian J, Potts M, Schwartz NB, Smith H, Stolley PD and Wiggins PV (1991) Oral contraceptives and breast cancer. National Academy Press. 1-77
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- Kay CR, Crombie DL, Kuenssberg EV, Pinsent, RJFH, Richards B, Smith A and Crowther CH (1974) Oral contraceptives and health. The Royal college of general practitioners study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 10,150.
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- Skouby SO and Jesperson J (1990) Oral contraceptives in the nineties, metabolic aspects, facts and fiction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 163, 276.
- Smith RP and Sizto R (1983) Metabolic effects of two triphasic formulations containing ethinyl estradiol and dl-norgestrel. J. Contraception. 28 (2), 189-199.
- Vessey M, Lawless M and Yeates D (1982) Efficacy of different contraceptive methods. Lancet. 1, 841.
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- Invivo Effect of Microgynon and Primolut-n on Plasma Sodium and Potassium of Wistar Albino Rat
Abstract Views :581 |
PDF Views:328
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 92-96Abstract
Microgynon (0.15mg levonorgestrel and 0.03mg ethinylestradiol), is an oral contraceptives Primolut -N a mini pill (5mg norethisterone) were analysed for their in-vivo effects on albino rat plasma sodium and potassium levels. Studies showed that the drugs decreased sodium levels with microgynon showing the highest decrease of 29.85% at highest concentration level of 3.6μg /100g (94.00 ± 28.50mmol/l) (P < 0.05), followed by Primulot-N (102 ± 28.50 mmol/l). Investigations also revealed that the drugs decreased plasma potassium levels. Microgynon had the highest decrease of 88.88% for the highest dose of 3.60μg/100g body wt, while the lowest decrease of 22.22% was observed for the lowest dose of 0.36μg/100g).The sodium element plays an important role in salt and water balance in the body. The metabolism of sodium and potassium is closely linked with the maintenance of fluid balance and with the regulation of acid-base status, Elevated levels are related to acidosis as well as too much water crossing the cell membrane. The potassium element is found primarily inside the cells of the body. The random use of the drugs in our society today especially as most women abuse these drugs demands for more biochemical research to elucidate the effects of these drugs not only on the hormones but also on other biochemical parameters like the body electrolytes. This result indicates that laboratory tests are needed for women before using these drugs.Keywords
Microgynon, Primulot-n, Plasma Sodium and PotassiumReferences
- Bracken MB and Hellenbrand KG and Holford TR (1990) Conception delay after oral contraceptive use: The effect of estrogen dose. Fertil. Steril. 53,21.
- CHPE, Division of Reproductive Health (1984) Family Planning Methods and Practice: Africa. U. S. Public Health service. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta Georgia 30333. USA.
- Ghoneim SM, Toppozada RK, El-Heneidy AR and Taha MM (1975) The effects of an oral contraceptive on acid-base balance, blood gases and electrolytes. J. Contraception.12(4),395 -405.
- Grimes DA, Mishell DR, Jr. and Speroff L (1993) Contraceptive choices for women with medical problems. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 198,625-630.
- Henderson M, Dorflinger J, Fishman J, Foster HW, Gump FE, Hellman S, Hulka BS, Mattison DR, McKay SAR, Moses LE, Norsigian J, Potts M, Schwartz NB, Smith H, Stolley PD and Wiggins PV (1991) Oral contraceptives and breast cancer. National academy press. pp: 1-77.
- Henry RJ (1974) Clinical Chemistry, Principles and Technics, 2nd Edn, Harper and Row. pp: 525.
- Kay CR, Crombie DL, Kuenssberg EV, Pinsent RJFH, Richards B, Smith A and Crowther CH (1974) Oral contraceptives and health. The royal college of general practitioners study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 10,150.
- Kuhl H and Goethe JW (1990) Pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives, steroids and drug interaction. Am. J. Obst. Gynaecol. 163, 2113.
- Mishell DR Jr (1982) Nonecontraceptive health benefits of oral steroidal contraceptives. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 142, 809.
- Scott JA and Brenner PF (1978) Comparison of the effects of contraceptive steroid formulations containing two doses of estrogen on pituairtary function. Fertil. steril. 30,141.
- Skouby SO and Jesperson J (1990) Oral contraceptives in the nineties, metabolic aspects, facts and fiction. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol. 163,276.
- Smith RP and Sizto R (1983) Metabolic effects of two triphasic formulations containing ethinyl estradiol and dl-norgestrel. J. Contraception. 28 (2),189 -199.
- Terri AE and Sesin PG (1958) Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. Am. J. Clin. Path. 29,86.
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- Wootton IDP and Freeman H (1982) Microanalysis in medical biochemistry, 6th Edn, Churchill Livingstone Inc. NY, USA. pp: 1-190.
- World Health Organization Task Force on Oral Contraceptives (1982). A randomized, double-blind study of two combined and two progestogen-only oral contraceptives. Contraception. 25,243.
- A Study of the invivo Effect of Microgynon and Primolut-n on Albino Rat Plasma Aspartate Amino Transferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and Alanine Amino Transferase (EC 2.6.1.2) at 37°c, Ph = 9.8
Abstract Views :403 |
PDF Views:305
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, NG
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases, Vol 1, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 97-102Abstract
Oral contraceptives namely Microgynon a combined pill (0.15mg levonorgestrel and 0.03mg ethinylestradiol) and Primolut -N a mini pill (5mg norethisterone) were analysed for their in-vivo effects on albino rat plasma and erythrocyte aspartate amino transferase (AST). The in-vivo effects of the oral contraceptives on albino rat plasma and erythrocyte AST showed that the drugs inhibited the activity of the enzymes in a concentration dependent manner. The effect of the drugs on the enzymes were also time dependent with the highest inhibition obtained at 24 hours duration while the least inhibition occurred at 2 hours duration Microgynon showed the highest inhibition (7.00 ± 0.00 vs. control 31.00 ± 0.00 U/L) (P < 0.05) followed by Primolut (16.00 ± 0.00 vs. control 27.00 ± 4.00 U/L). The erythrocyte AST activity was also inhibited. The highest inhibition values obtained were Microgynon (36.00 ± 0.00 U/L) then Primolut (41.00 ± 0.00 U/L). The least inhibition values obtained were Microgynon and Primolut (67.00 ± 0.00). The in-vivo effects of the oral contraceptives on rat plasma and erythrocyte ALT showed that the drugs activated the activity of the enzymes in a concentration dependent manner. The effect of the drugs on the enzymes were also time dependent with the highest activation obtained at 24 hours duration while the least activation occurred at 2 hours duration. Primolut showed the highest activation (18.00 ± 0.00 U/L). The erythrocyte enzymes showed higher activity than the plasma enzymes. Microgynon showed the highest activity (50.00 ± 2.00 U/L). This result indicates that liver function tests are needed for women before using these drugs.Keywords
Microgynon, Primolut –NReferences
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