Informatics Publishing Limited

Mukul Ahmed ¹, Ravikumar ², V. B. Narayanaswamy ³, Injamamul Haque ¹, Mohibul Hoque ⁴

Affiliations
1 Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
4 Department of Pharmacology, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN

Abstract

The objective of this research was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of Doxazosin mesylate that disintegrate in the oral cavity upon contact with saliva and there by improve therapeutic efficacy. Doxazosin mesylate is used for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Fast dissolving tablets of Doxazosin mesylate were prepared by direct compression method using superdisintegrant addition method, by using sublimation method and effervescent method. Thirty two formulations were prepared and evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time, water absorption ratio and in vitro dissolution studies.

FTIR and DSC studies revealed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the excipients. Formulation S8 was found to be the best on the basis of wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The formulation S8 containing camphor (8%) as subliming agent was found to be the optimized combinations. Stability studies were carried out at 25°C±2°C/60%±5% RH and 40°C±2°C/75%±5% RH for formulation S8 for 60 days. The results of stability studies indicated no significant changes with respect to physicochemical properties, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro drug release.

Keywords

Fast Dissolving Tablets, Doxazosinmesylate, Superdisintegrant, Directcompression, Sodium Starch Glycollate, Camphor, Citric Acid.

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Injamamul Haque ¹, Ravikumar ², V. B. Narayanaswamy ³, Mohibul Hoque ⁴

Affiliations
1 Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
4 Department of Pharmacology, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN

Abstract

Montelukast sodium is an anti-asthmatic, mainly prevents leukotriene mediated effect associated with asthma. Mouth dissolving tablets of montelukast sodium was prepared by direct compression method using superdisintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate.

Mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrants or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The tablets were prepared using various diluents like MCC, Lactose and superdisintegrants namely Crosscarmellose sodium, Crosspovidone and Sodium starch glycollate in different concentrations. Pre-compression parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner's ratio were carried out to study the flow properties of powder to achieve uniformity of tablet weight and the values were within permissible limits.The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, % drug content, wetting time, water absorption ratio, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dispersion time and in vitro drug release.The formulation M12 and L12 was found to be the best on the basis of wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. Stability studies were carried out at 25°C±2°C/60%±5% RH and 40°C±2°C/75%±5% RH for a period of 60 days for the selected formulations. The formulation M12 and L12 containing Crospovidone (8%) as superdisintegrant and microcrystalline cellulose and lactose as diluents was respectively found to be the optimized combination.

Keywords

Fast Dissolving Tablets, Superdisintegrants, Diluents, Mouth Dissolving Tablets, Montelukast Sodium, Asthama.

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Mercy Mathew ¹, Ravikumar ², Simila Madathil ¹, Anju Govind ¹, V. B. Narayana Swamy ³

Affiliations
1 Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN

Abstract

The present study aimed at Formulation Development and Evaluation of controlled release tablets of Cinitapride for the treatment of ulcer. Cinitapride is a gastroprokinetic agent and antiulcer agent of the benzamide class. It act as an agonist of the 5- HT₁ and 5- HT₄ receptors and an antagonist of the 5- HT₂ receptors. It is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders associated with motility disturbances such as gastro esophageal reflux disease, non- ulcer dyspepsia and delayed gastric emptying. The matrix tablets of Cinitapride were prepared using wet granulation. Physical characterization of tablet and powder blends used to form the matrix tablet was under taken using a range of experimental techniques. Granules were evaluated for Bulk density, Tapped density, Compressibility index and Hausner's ratio. Tablets were tested for weight variation, hardness, thickness and friability as per official procedure. The tablets were evaluated for in-vitro drug release profile. Dissolution studies of Cinitapride controlled release tablets in media with different dissolution media 0.1N HCl, Phosphate buffer pH (6.8) as per US Pharmacopoeia. The dissolution data revealed that the ratio of polymers is very important to achieve a optimum formulation. The formulation of Cinitapride CR tablets shown that formulation F23 with Methocel K100M (20%) shown good drug release profile. Formulation F23, shown similar dissolution profile when compared with the marketed product (Cintapro). Stability study of the formulation F23 indicated no significant difference in release profile after a period of 3 months.

Keywords

Cinitapride, Gastritis, Methocel K4M, K15M and K100M, Carbopol, and Methyl Cellulose.

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Niyaz Kavugoli ¹, Ravikumar ², V. B. Narayanaswamy ³

Affiliations
1 Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN

Abstract

Oral controlled drug delivery systems have received much attention of the researchers during the past two decades. The rationale for developing a controlled release formulation is to enhance its therapeutic benefits, reducing its side effects and improving the management of diseased condition.

Studies have been carried out for developing oral controlled release matrix tablet formulations of labetalol by using polymeric materials like polyox WSR 301, polyox WSR 303, polymethacrylates, ethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, guar gum, karaya gum and sodium alginate.

The prepared matrix tablets were evaluated for weight uniformity, hardness, friability and drug content. The matrix tablets were then evaluated for the influence of polymer concentration, polymer type and nature of diluents on the drug release from matrix by in vitro dissolution studies. FTIR Spectral studies shown that drug and excipients used were compatible with each other. Selected formulations of Labetalol were subjected to accelerated stability studies. The formulations were stored at 400C±2°C, 75±5%RH for 3 months. No significant changes were observed from the prepared tablets during the study period.

The results of present research work clearly indicated that the nature and level of poly (ethylene oxides) in the matrix tablets greatly influenced the drug release properties. Both the Polyox WSR 301 and Polyox WSR 303 were suitable for preparing the matrix tablets of labetalol. Among the two polymers used, high molecular weight polymer, POLYOX WSR 303 effectively extended the drug release for prolonged period of time than low molecular weight POLYOX WSR 301. Insoluble diluents like microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate and slightly soluble diluent like starch 1500 can be used as release rate modifiers in the formulation of controlled release matrix tablets.

A combination of hydrophilic gums, hydrophobic eudragits and ethyl cellulose with high molecular weight poly (ethylene oxides) led to prolonged release of drug up to 22 hrs. Thus present research work fulfilled the objective of developing once a day formulations of Labetalol as matrix tablets employing poly (ethylene oxides).

Keywords

Labetalol, Controlled Release, Polymer, Ethyl Cellulose.

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Ismail Hussain ¹, Ravikumar ², V. B. Narayanaswamy ³, Injamamul Haque ¹, Mohibul Hoque ⁴

Affiliations
1 Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
4 Department of Pharmacology, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems are also known as patches, containing dispersed or dissolved drug with plasticizers, polymers, etc. are intended to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across the skin. In the present work, Transdermal drug delivery of Risperidone were formulated in different concentration (10%, 20% and 30% ) of glycerine and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer and a blend of two in different concentrations of polymers (PVPK30,HPMC,PVA and Eudragit RS 100) were formulated by solvent casting method. Drug polymer interaction study was carried out using FTIR and DSC studies. In this study the results indicates, as increase in the concentration of glycerine and Polyethylene glycol increases the diffusion rate of Risperidone patches. The physico-chemical parameters like weight variation, thickness, folding endurance. Percentage Flatness and Water vapour transmission of the Risperidone patches were evaluated. All the physico chemical parameters were found to be satisfactory. Risperidone patches formulated by using 30% glycerine 30% PEG400shows enhanced rate of diffusion than the patches prepared with 10% and 20% glycerine10% and 20% PEG400 respectively. Risperidone patches formulated with 20% glycerine 20% PEG400 had enhanced rate than the patches prepared with 10%glycerine/10% PEG400 respectively. Among polymers, combination of HPMC and Eudragit had enhanced diffusion rate than the combination of HPMC and PVPK30 in all formulations formulated by using glycerine as plasticizer. The polymers, combination of PVPK30 and Eudragit had enhanced diffusion rate than the combination of PVPK30 and PVA in all formulations formulated by using PEG400 as plasticizer. The Risperidone transdermal patches shows greater diffusion rate when formulated with higher concentration of plasticizer hence the30% of glycerine and PEG 400 had shown a values higher than 20 and 10 % glycerine and PEG 400. The kinetic study and mechanism for the diffusion of Risperidone transdermal patches obeys higuchi, peppas model. The correlation coefficient (R2) values were greater, indicating from the analysis of diffusion data as per above models. The T50 and T80 values for Risperidone patches formulated with glycerine andPEG400 are exhibited good results. The SEM films indicating uniform distribution of the drug with polymers and plasticizers.

Keywords

Transdermal Drug Delivery, Diffusion Rate, Eudragit, Risperidone, Plasticizer, HPMC.

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V. P. Muhammed Jameel ¹, Ravikumar ², V. B. Narayanaswamy ³

Affiliations
1 Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, IN

Abstract

The objective of this research was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of Flecainide acetate that disintegrate in the oral cavity upon contact with saliva and there by improve therapeutic efficacy. Flecainide acetate is used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias. Fast dissolving tablets of Flecainide acetate were prepared by direct compression method using various superdisintegrants and by using sublimation method. Thirty two formulations were prepared by using different superdisintegrants and subliming agents and evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time, water absorption ratio and in vitro dissolution studies. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the excipients. Formulation S4 were found to be the best on the basis of wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The formulation S4 containing Crospovidone as superdisintegrant and camphor as subliming agent were found to be the optimized combinations. Stability studies were carried out at 25°C±2°C/60%±5% RH and 40°C±2°C/75%±5% RH for formulation S4 for 90 days. The results of stability studies indicated no significant changes with respect to physicochemical properties, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro drug release.

Keywords

Fast Dissolving Tablets, Flecainide Acetate, Superdisintegrant, Direct Compression, Sodium Starch Glycollate, Camphor, Crosspovidone.

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Mufeeda Kathija ¹, Ravikumar ¹, Ayshath Nureesha ¹, V. B. Narayanaswamy ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore-575028, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Karavali College of Pharmacy, Mangalore-575028, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The present study aimed at Formulation Development and Evaluation of controlled release tablets for the programmed release of sotalol hydrochloride for the treatment of Arrhythmia. The matrix tablets of sotalol hydrochloride were prepared using wet granulation. Physical characterization of tablet and powder blends used to form the matrix tablet was under taken using a range of experimental techniques. Instacoat EN II was used as enteric coat polymer for coating the matrix tablet. Dissolution studies of sotalol hydrochloride controlled release tablets in media with different dissolution media 0.1 N HCl, pH (7.4) as per US Pharmacopeia. The study showed that, drug release in 2hr was highly affected by the coating level. The dissolution data revealed that the % of coating, ratio of polymers and concentration of Compritol 888 ATO are very important to achieve a optimum formulation. Dissolution shows that the drug release from F12 is very similar to Marketed brand (Sotalar). Stability study of the optimized formulation indicates no significant difference in release profile after a period of one month.

Keywords

Sotalol Hydrochloride, Arrhythmia, Controlled Release Tablets, Compritol 888 ATO, Sotalar, Instacoat EN II.

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Ravikumar ¹, Sweety Warjri ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Library and Information Science, North Eastern Hill University, Umshing Mawkynroh, Shillong - 793022, Meghalaya, IN

Abstract

Bibliometric indicators are widely used in evaluating research output. Citation information about a publication can be obtained from various databases like Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS and Google Scholar. Bibliometricans solely depend on the above databases to get citation data. WoS is considered a credible source for citation data. In this paper, we have tried to study the accuracy of the citation count reported and actually found with special reference to three newspapers namely Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, and Guardian. It was found that only 69% of citation data was accurate for above three newspapers.

Keywords

Bibliographic Database, Citation, Information Accuracy, Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS

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