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Agarwal, Vaibhav
- Effect of Active Learning on Teaching Physiology to Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
2 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
3 Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
1 Department of Physiology Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
2 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
3 Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, Vol 2, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 20-23Abstract
We prospectively evaluated the usefulness of active learning to improve learning amongst undergraduate Physiotherapy students are involved in active learning by using projections, questioning, discussion, giving assignments, presenting carefully designed lectures and allowing breaks during the class. Students are encouraged to depict major Physiological events in form of charts and models. Group work, data collection and case studies are also included. One hundred first year BPT students are evaluated before and after involving them in active learning. Before study seventy nine students secured less than 50% of the total marks and none got 75% marks or above, and 17 students secured less than 50% of the total marks (P<.05) and one got 75% marks or above (P<.05) after the methodology is incorporated. Finally in first professional university examination, 04 students secured less than 50% of the total marks (P<.05) and 11 got 75% marks or above (P<.05). This showed significant improvement amongst the students after the methodology is incorporated and establishes a definite role of active learning in the medical subjects leading to over all better performance of students in examination(s).Keywords
Active Learning, Physiotherapy Students, Teaching Physiology
References
- Bonwell, C.C., and J.A. Eison. 1991. Active learning: Creating excitement in the class room.ASHE-ERIC higher education repot, no.1. The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
- Aronsen, J.R. (1987). Six keys to effective instruction in large classes: Advice from a practitioner. In M. Gleason-Weimer (Ed.), Teaching large classes well. New Directions for Teaching and Learing, 32, 31-38. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Hoffman, E.A. 2001. Successful application of active learning techniques to introductory Microbiology. Microbiol. Educ. 2:5-11.
- Krause, L.B. 1998. The cognitive profile model of learning styles. J. Coll. Sci. Teaching. 28:57-61
- Michaelsen, L.K., R.H. Black, and L.D. Fink. 1996. What every faculty developer needs to know about learning groups, p. 31-58. In L. Richlin (Ed.), to improve the academy: resources for faculty, instruction and organizational development, vol. 15. New Forum Press, Stillwater, Okla.
- Drysdale, M.T.B., J.L. Ross, and R.A. Shulz.2001. cognitive learning styles and academic performance in 19 first-year university courses: successful students versus students at risk. J. Educ. For Students Placed at Risk 6:271-289
- Comparative Analysis of Knee-laxity Measurements by a Lefthand- and a Right-hand-dominant Physiotherapist in Patients with Anterior Cruciates Ligament Injuries and Healthy Control Group
Abstract Views :331 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Orthopaedics, Subharti Medical College, IN
2 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
1 Dept. of Orthopaedics, Subharti Medical College, IN
2 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, Vol 4, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 89-92Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze and compare KT-1000 knee laxity as examined by a left-hand- and a righthand- dominant physiotherapist in a group of patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and a group of patients, 2 years after ACL reconstruction. A cross-sectional examination of two groups of patients pre-operatively and post-operatively after ACL reconstruction and examination of healthy controls on two different occasions was performed. In the ACL-deficient group, 14 patients had a right-sided ACL injury and 08 patients a left-sided ACL injury. The corresponding figures in the post-operative group were 13 patients with a right-sided ACL injury and 07 patients with a left-sided ACL injury. 20 healthy persons without any known knee problems served as controls. One left-hand- and one right-hand-dominant experienced physiotherapist performed all the examinations. The lefthand- dominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher absolute laxity values in the left knee, both injured and non-injured ones, compared with the right-handdominant physiotherapist. This was found irrespectively of whether the patients belonged to the ACL deficient or the post-operative group. In the healthy control group, the righthand- dominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher knee-laxity values in the right knee compared with the left-hand-dominant physiotherapist. Correspondingly, the left-hand-dominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher knee laxity values in the left knee. We conclude that KT-1000 arthrometer laxity measurements can be affected by the hand dominance of the examiner. This might affect the reliability of KT-1000 arthrometer measurements.Keywords
ACL Injury - Knee Laxity Measurement - Left-/right- Hand Dominance of PhysiotherapistReferences
- Anderson AF, Snyder RB, Federspiel CF, Lipscomb AB (1992) Instrumented evaluation of knee laxity: a comparison of five arthrometers. Am J Sports Med 20:135–140
- Andersson C, Gillquist J (1990) Instrumented testing for evaluation of sagittal knee laxity. Clin Orthop 256:178– 184
- Bach BR Jr, Warren RF, Flynn WM, Kroll M, Wickiewiecz TL (1990) Arthrometric evaluation of knees that have a torn anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 72:1299–1306
- Balasch H, Schiller M, Friebel H, Hoffmann F (1999) Evaluation of anterior knee joint instability with the Rolimeter. A test in comparison with manual assessment and measuring with the KT-1000 arthrometer. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 7:204–208
- Ballantyne BT, French AK, Heimsoth SL, Kachingwe AF, Lee JB, Soderberg GL (1995) Influence of examiner experience and gender on interraters reliability of KT- 1000 arthrometer measurements. Phys Ther 75:898–906.
- Berry J, Kramer K, Binkley J, Binkley GA, Stratford P, Hunter S et al (1999) Error estimates in novice and expert raters for the KT-1000 arthrometer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 29:49–55
- Brosky JA Jr, Nitz AJ, Malone TR, Caborn DN, Rayens MK (1999) Intrarater reliability of selected clinical outcome measures following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 29:39–48
- Daniel DM (1993) Reference, maintenance and user´s guide for the knee ligament arthrometer. MEDmetric Corporation, 7542 Trade Street, San Diego, California, pp 92121–92412
- Daniel DM, Stone ML, Sachs R, Malcom L (1985) Instrumented measurement of anterior knee laxity in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament disruption. Am J Sports Med 13:401–407
- Eriksson E (1999) Objective measurement of sagittal laxity of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 7:203
- Feller J, Hoser C, Webster K (2000) EMG biofeedback assisted KT-1000 evaluation of anterior tibial displacement. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 8:132–136
- Fiebert I, Gresley J, Hoffman S, Kunkel K (1994) Comparative measurements of anterior tibial translation using the KT-1000 knee arthrometer with the leg in neutral, internal rotation, and external rotation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 19:331–334
- Graham GP, Johnson S, Dent CM, Fairclough JA (1991) Comparison of clinical tests and the KT-1000 in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Br J Sports Med 25:96–97
- Hang YS, Fung WC, Hang D (1993) Quantitative test of knee laxity in Chinese. J Formos Med Assoc 92:907–910
- Hanten WP, Pace MB (1987) Reliability of measuring anterior laxity of the knee joint using a knee ligament arthrometer. Phys Ther 67:357–359
- Harter RA, Osternig LR, Singer KM (1989) Instrumented Lachman tests for the evaluation of anterior laxity after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71:975–983
- Highgenboten CL, Jackson A, Meske NB (1989) Genucom, KT-1000, and Stryker knee laxity measuring device comparisons. Device reproducibility and interdevice comparison in asymptomatic subjects. Am J Sports Med 17:743–746
- Huber FE, Irrgang JJ, Harner C, Lephart S (1997) Intratester and intertester reliability of the KT-1000 arthrometer in the assessment of posterior laxity of the knee. Am J Sports Med 25:479–485
- Karageanes SJ, Blackburn K, Vangelos ZA (2000) the association of the menstrual cycle with the laxity of the anterior cruciate ligament in adolescent female athletes. Clin J Sport Med 10:162–168
- Kartus J, Stener S, Köhler K, Sernert N, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J (1997) Is bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction necessary? A 2-year follow-up of 78 consecutive patients rehabilitated with or without a brace. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 5:157–161
- Malcom LL, Daniel DM, Stone ML, Sachs R (1985) the measurement of anterior knee laxity after ACL reconstructive surgery. Clin Orthop 196:35–41
- Mononen T, Alaranta H, Harilainen A, Sandelin J, Vanhanen I, Osterman K (1997) Instrumented measurement of anterior-posterior translation in knees with chronic anterior cruciate ligament tear. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 116:283–286
- Myrer JW, Schulthies SS, Fellingham GW (1996) Relative and absolute reliability of the KT-2000 arthrometer for uninjured knees. Testing at 67, 89, 134, and 178 N and manual maximum forces. Am J Sports Med 24:104–108
- Neuschwander DC, Drez D Jr, Paine RM, Young JC (1990) Comparison of anterior laxity measurements in anterior cruciate deficient knees with two instrumented testing devices. Orthopedics 13:299–302]
- Oliver JH, Coughlin LP (1987) Objective knee evaluation using the Genucom Knee Analysis System. Clinical implications. Am J Sports Med 15:571–578
- Rangger C, Daniel DM, Stone ML, Kaufman K (1993) Diagnosis of an ACL disruption with KT-1000 arthrometer measurements. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1:60–66
- Riederman R, Wroble RR, Grood ES, VanGinkel L, Shaffer BL (1991) Reproducibility of the knee signature system. Am J Sports Med 19:660–664
- Robnett NJ, Riddle DL, Kues JM (1995) Intertester reliability of measurements obtained with the KT-1000 on patients with reconstructed anterior cruciate ligaments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 21:113–119
- Rosene J, TD F (1999) anterior tibial translation in collegiate athletes with normal anterior cruciate ligament integrity. J Athletic Training 34:93–98
- Sernert N, Kartus J, Köhler K, Ejerhed L, Karlsson J (2001) Evaluation of the reproducibility of the KT-1000 arthrometer. Scand J Med Sci Sports 11:120–125
- Sernert N, Kartus JT, Ejerhed L, Karlsson J (2004) Right and left knee laxity measurements: a prospective study of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries and normal control subjects. Arthroscopy 20:564–571
- Shelbourne KD, Nitz P (1990) Accelerated rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 18:292–299
- Shino K, Inoue M, Horibe S, Nakamura H, Ono K (1987) Measurement of anterior instability of the knee. A new apparatus for clinical testing. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 69:608–613
- Skinner HB, Wyatt MP, Stone ML, Hodgdon JA, Barrack RL (1986) Exercise-related knee joint laxity. Am J Sports Med 14:30–34
- Steiner ME, Brown C, Zarins B, Brownstein B, Koval PS, Stone P (1990) Measurement of anterior–posterior displacement of the knee. A comparison of the results with instrumented devices and with clinical examination. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 72:1307–1315
- Stäubli HU, Jakob P (1991) anterior knee motion analysis. Measurement and simultaneous radiography. Am J Sports Med 19:172–177
- Torzilli PA, Panariello RA, Forbes A, Santner TJ, Warren RF (1991) Measurement reproducibility of two commercial knee test devices. J Orthop Res 9:730–737
- Wojtys EM, Wylie BB, Huston LJ (1996) the effects of muscle fatigue on neuromuscular function and anterior tibial translation in healthy knees. Am J Sports Med 24:615–621
- Hospital Based Study to Assess Knowledge, Awareness and Perception Regarding Physiotherapy among the Patients in the Physiotherapy OPD
Abstract Views :482 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
2 Subharti Medical College, Department of Community Medicine, Meerut, IN
1 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
2 Subharti Medical College, Department of Community Medicine, Meerut, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, Vol 3, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 62-65Abstract
Introduction
Physiotherapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing movement potential, within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. The practice of physiotherapy should not be defined by the use of modalities but rather the integration of examination, history and analysis of movement dysfunction. Physiotherapy is used in wide variety of disease conditions like musculoskeletal problems, neurological disorders, sport injuries, geriatric injuries, burn injuries and rehabilitation of patients in intensive care unit. But unlike various specializations dealing with health and disease like medicine, surgery, orthopedics, ophthalmology etc, this important specialty has not gained much popularity. Not much research has been conducted in our country on this important topic. This study has therefore been conducted to gain insights regarding patient's awareness and perceptions regarding physiotherapy and to build future roadmaps to increase the same.
Objectives
1. To find out awareness and perception regarding physiotherapy. 2. To compare income level of patients of various categories with the duration of treatment. 3. To find out myths and misconception regarding physiotherapy. 4. To suggest measures for educating the patients regarding physiotherapy.
Material and method
Cross-sectional hospital study of 200 patients attending the physiotherapy OPD done in a period 6 months (July 2007-dec2007). All eligible subjects were interviewed personally by physiotherapist using a performed and pretested schedule. Questions regarding the respondent's biosocial characteristics, awareness and perception regarding physiotherapy were included in the schedule. Quantitative analysis was done using chi-square test.
Results
Results show that 54.43 % urban and 34.71% rural subjects were aware of physiotherapy. These results were according to their level of education and occupation. Similarly only 90 patients out of 200 had the knowledge of physiotherapy treatment.
Keywords
Knowledge, Awareness, Perception, Physiotherapy OPDReferences
- De Brun C, Howell F Bedford D, Et.al. Outpatient services in acute hospitals. Ir J Med sci.2002 Aprjune; 171(2):89-93
- March S, Swart E, Robra B. Patient satisfaction with outpatient/short stay operations in a practice clinic.Gesundheitswesen 2006 Jan;68(6):376-82.
- Renzi C, Abeni D, Picardi a Et.al. Factors associated with patient satisfaction with care among dermatological out patients. Br. J Dermatol 2001 Oct, 145 (4): 617-23.
- Abstracts, 46th Annual IAP conference, 2008 page no 191.
- Effect of Number of Repetitions of Weight Bearing Exercises on Time-distance Parameters in Stroke
Abstract Views :392 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
2 Department of Physiology Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
3 Amity Physiotherapy College, New Delhi, IN
1 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
2 Department of Physiology Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
3 Amity Physiotherapy College, New Delhi, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, Vol 2, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 57-63Abstract
A randomized controlled trial of 30 patients with hemiplegia was included in the study. Patient were divided in two groups A&B with 15 patients in each group. Repetitive weight bearing exercises (WBE) and conventional physiotherapy were given to each patient for 1 month. Their measurements were taken on 0, 7th, 15th, and 30th. Exercises were repeated 40 and 20 times in respective groups (A and B). All the parameters measured showed improvement on different days in each group. The group performing increase number of repetitions of weight -bearing exercise showed greatest improvement. Significant improvement was seen in patient performing more number of repetitions of weight -bearing exercises. Patients who have difficulty in forward step standing or doing WBE, less improvement were seen.Keywords
Weight–bearing Exercises, Time-distance Parameters, StrokeReferences
- Brunnstorm, MA: Recording gait patterns in adult hemiplegic patients.J American Physical therapy Association, 1964; 44:71.
- Jones D, Rutherford O, Parker D: Physiological changes in skeletal muscle as a result of strength training. J Exp Physio, 1989; 74:233-256.
- Arcan M, Brull MA, Nagenson T: FGP assessment of postural disorders during process of rehabilitation. Scan J Rehabilitation Medicine, 1977; 9:165-168.
- Bobath B: Adult hemiplegia; Evaluation and treatment, Ed 2, London, William Heineman, 1978.
- Janine M Gregson,Peter Moore: Reliability of tone assessment scale and the modified Ashworth scale as clinical tools for assessing post stroke spasticity,Archives Physical Medical rehabilitation,1999;80:1013-1016
- Wang RY: Effect of PNF on the gait of patients with hemiplegia of leg and short duration. Physical Therapy, 1994; 74:1108- 1115.
- Carolee J winstein: Standing balance training; Effect on balance and locomotion in hemiparetic adults. Archives Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 1989; 70: 755-761.
- Waagfjord J, Levangle PK, Certo CME..Effects of Treadmill on gate in a Hemiparetic Patient, PT, 1990; 70.549-560.
- Carolec J winstein, Elizabeth Gardner, Donald R, McNeal: Standing balance training; Effect on balance and locomotion in hemiparetic adults. Archives Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 1989; 70: 755-762.
- Canning C: Training standing up following stroke; A clinical trial. Proceedings of WCPT, Con, Sydney, Australia. 1987, 915- 919.
- Johnston P: The acquisition of skill. In smith: the psychology of human movement. London; academic, 1984, 215-39.
- Comparative Analysis of Knee-laxity Measurements by a Left-handand a Right-hand-dominant Physiotherapist in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries and Healthy Control Group
Abstract Views :310 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Orthopaedics, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
2 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
1 Dept. of Orthopaedics, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
2 Subharti Physiotherapy College, Meerut, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, Vol 3, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 101-105Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze and compare KT-1000 knee laxity as examined by a left-hand- and a right-hand-dominant physiotherapist in a group of patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and a group of patients, 2 years after ACL reconstruction. The other aim was to measure and analyze knee laxity in a group of persons without any known knee problems. A crosssectional examination of two groups of patients preoperatively and post-operatively after ACL reconstruction and examination of healthy controls on two different occasions was performed. 22 patients who were scheduled for ACL reconstruction and 20 patients who attended a 2- year follow-up examination were included in the study. In the ACL-deficient group, 14 patients had a right-sided ACL injury and 08 patients a left-sided ACL injury. The corresponding figures in the post-operative group were 13 patients with a right-sided ACL injury and 07 patients with a left-sided ACL injury. 20 healthy persons without any known knee problems served as controls. One left-hand- and one right-hand-dominant experienced physiotherapist performed all the examinations. To be able to evaluate the intra and inter-reliability of the examiners the controls were examined at two occasions. The left-hand-dominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher absolute laxity values in the left knee, both injured and non-injured ones, compared with the right-hand-dominant physiotherapist. This was found irrespectively of whether the patients belonged to the ACL deficient or the post-operative group. In the healthy control group, the right-hand-dominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher knee-laxity values in the right knee compared with the left-handdominant physiotherapist. Correspondingly, the left-handdominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher knee laxity values in the left knee. We conclude that KT- 1000 arthrometer laxity measurements can be affected by the hand dominance of the examiner. This might affect the reliability of KT-1000 arthrometer measurements.Keywords
Acl Injury - Knee Laxity Measurement - Left-/right-hand Dominance of PhysiotherapistReferences
- Anderson AF, Snyder RB, Federspiel CF, Lipscomb AB (1992) Instrumented evaluation of knee laxity: a comparison of five arthrometers. Am J Sports Med 20:135–140
- Andersson C, Gillquist J (1990) Instrumented testingfor evaluation of sagittal knee laxity. Clin Orthop 256:178–184
- Bach BR Jr, Warren RF, Flynn WM, Kroll M, Wickiewiecz TL (1990) Arthrometric evaluation of knees that have a torn anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 72:1299–1306
- Balasch H, Schiller M, Friebel H, Hoffmann F (1999) Evaluation of anterior knee joint instability with the Rolimeter. A test in comparison with manual assessment and measuring with the KT-1000 arthrometer. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 7:204–208
- Ballantyne BT, French AK, Heimsoth SL, Kachingwe AF, Lee JB, Soderberg GL (1995) Influence of examiner experience and gender on interrater reliability of KT- 1000 arthrometer measurements. Phys Ther 75:898–906
- Berry J, Kramer K, Binkley J, Binkley GA, Stratford P, Hunter S et al (1999) Error estimates in novice and expert raters for the KT-1000 arthrometer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 29:49–55
- Brosky JA Jr, Nitz AJ, Malone TR, Caborn DN, Rayens MK (1999) Intrarater reliability of selected clinical outcome measures following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 29:39–48
- Daniel DM (1993) Reference, maintenance and user´s guide for the knee ligament arthrometer. MEDmetric Corporation, 7542 Trade Street, San Diego, California, pp 92121–92412
- Daniel DM, Stone ML, Sachs R, Malcom L (1985) Instrumented measurement of anterior knee laxity in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament disruption. Am J Sports Med 13:401–407
- Eriksson E (1999) Objective measurement of sagittal laxity of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 7:203
- Feller J, Hoser C, Webster K (2000) EMG biofeedback assisted KT-1000 evaluation of anterior tibial displacement. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 8:132–136
- Fiebert I, Gresley J, Hoffman S, Kunkel K (1994) Comparative measurements of anterior tibial translation using the KT-1000 knee arthrometer with the leg in neutral, internal rotation, and external rotation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 19:331–334
- Graham GP, Johnson S, Dent CM, Fairclough JA (1991) Comparison of clinical tests and the KT-1000 in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Br J Sports Med 25:96–97
- Hang YS, Fung WC, Hang D (1993) Quantitative test of knee laxity in Chinese. J Formos Med Assoc 92:907–910
- Hanten WP, Pace MB (1987) Reliability of measuring anterior laxity of the knee joint using a knee ligament arthrometer. Phys Ther 67:357–359
- Harter RA, Osternig LR, Singer KM (1989) Instrumented Lachman tests for the evaluation of anterior laxity after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71:975–983
- Highgenboten CL, Jackson A, Meske NB (1989) Genucom, KT-1000, and Stryker knee laxity measuring device comparisons. Device reproducibility and interdevice comparison in asymptomatic subjects. Am J Sports Med 17:743–746
- Huber FE, Irrgang JJ, Harner C, Lephart S (1997) Intratester and intertester reliability of the KT-1000 arthrometer in the assessment of posterior laxity of the knee. Am J Sports Med 25:479–485
- Karageanes SJ, Blackburn K, Vangelos ZA (2000) The association of the menstrual cycle with the laxity of the anterior cruciate ligament in adolescent female athletes. Clin J Sport Med 10:162–168
- Kartus J, Stener S, Köhler K, Sernert N, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J (1997) Is bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction necessary? A 2-year followup of 78 consecutive patients rehabilitated with or without a brace. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 5:157–161
- Malcom LL, Daniel DM, Stone ML, Sachs R (1985) The measurement of anterior knee laxity after ACL reconstructive surgery. Clin Orthop 196:35–41
- Mononen T, Alaranta H, Harilainen A, Sandelin J, Vanhanen I, Osterman K (1997) Instrumented measurement of anterior-posterior translation in knees with chronic anterior cruciate ligament tear. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 116:283–286
- Myrer JW, Schulthies SS, Fellingham GW (1996) Relative and absolute reliability of the KT-2000 arthrometer for uninjured knees. Testing at 67, 89, 134, and 178 N and manual maximum forces. Am J Sports Med 24:104–108
- Neuschwander DC, Drez D Jr, Paine RM, Young JC (1990) Comparison of anterior laxity measurements in anterior cruciate deficient knees with two instrumented testing devices. Orthopedics 13:299–302
- Oliver JH, Coughlin LP (1987) Objective knee evaluation using the Genucom Knee Analysis System. Clinical implications. Am J Sports Med 15:571–578
- Rangger C, Daniel DM, Stone ML, Kaufman K (1993) Diagnosis of an ACL disruption with KT-1000 arthrometer measurements. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1:60–66
- Riederman R, Wroble RR, Grood ES, VanGinkel L, Shaffer BL (1991) Reproducibility of the knee signature system. Am J Sports Med 19:660–664
- Robnett NJ, Riddle DL, Kues JM (1995) Intertester reliability of measurements obtained with the KT-1000 on patients with reconstructed anterior cruciate ligaments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 21:113–119
- Rosene J, TD F (1999) Anterior tibial translation in collegiate athletes with normal anterior cruciate ligament integrity. J Athletic Training 34:93–98
- Sernert N, Kartus J, Köhler K, Ejerhed L, Karlsson J (2001) Evaluation of the reproducibility of the KT-1000 arthrometer. Scand J Med Sci Sports 11:120–125
- Sernert N, Kartus JT, Ejerhed L, Karlsson J (2004) Right and left knee laxity measurements: a prospective study of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries and normal control subjects. Arthroscopy 20:564–571
- Shelbourne KD, Nitz P (1990) Accelerated rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 18:292–299
- Shino K, Inoue M, Horibe S, Nakamura H, Ono K (1987) Measurement of anterior instability of the knee. A new apparatus for clinical testing. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 69:608–613
- Skinner HB, Wyatt MP, Stone ML, Hodgdon JA, Barrack RL (1986) Exercise-related knee joint laxity. Am J SportsMed 14:30–34
- Steiner ME, Brown C, Zarins B, Brownstein B, Koval PS, Stone P (1990) Measurement of anterior–posterior displacement of the knee. A comparison of the results with instrumented devices and with clinical examination. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 72:1307–1315
- Stäubli HU, Jakob RP (1991) Anterior knee motion analysis. Measurement and simultaneous radiography. Am J Sports Med 19:172–177
- Torzilli PA, Panariello RA, Forbes A, Santner TJ, Warren RF (1991) Measurement reproducibility of two commercial knee test devices. J Orthop Res 9:730–737
- Wojtys EM, Wylie BB, Huston LJ (1996) The effects of muscle fatigue on neuromuscular function and anterior tibial translation in healthy knees. Am J Sports Med 24:615–621