Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal

Abstract

Materials and Method: Thirty patients with clinical diagnosis of obesity (BMI > 30 Kg/m2) were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups i.e. control group (group A) and experimental group (group B). Control group received diet modification whereas experimental group received submaximal aerobic exercise along with diet modification. Outcome measures were documented using body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (W/H) on first day pre intervention and last day post intervention.

Results: The t-test value of BMI for group A is 5.16 and for group B is 8.08. The t-test value of W/H for group A is 4.26 and for group B is 5.04. The mean values of BMI and W/H for control group are 0.93±0.70 and .052±.04. The mean values of BMI and W/H for experimental group are 1.86±0.91 and 0.11±.091. The unpaired t-test was used for between group analyses for all the outcome measures. Level of significance was defined at p < 0.05 and confidence interval of 95 % was taken. The results of unpaired t-test were as follows: BMI: 3.206 (p

Conclusion & Clinical Significance The conclusion of the study is that submaximal aerobic exercise is helpful in reduction of body mass index and waist to hip ratio in obese population.

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Materials and Method: 60 novice runners were randomly selected and divided in two groups, one experimental and one control group. Control group was trained only with sports specific exercises while in experimental group a non sports specific exercise was added. Athletes were trained for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks effects of cross training were observed on the speed of the runners.

Results: The mean values of muscle strength, muscle power and speed for control group are 4.5±4.01, 0.016±0.029 and 0.73±0.069 respectively. The mean values of muscle strength, muscle power and speed for experimental group are 8.83±5.031, 0.038±0.053 and 0.205±0.0156 respectively. Unpaired T-test was used to compare results of control group and experimental group. The results of unpaired t-test were as follows:

Muscle strength: 3.62 (≤0.05)≤

Muscle power: 1.948 (≤0.05)

Speed: 4.13 (≤0.05)

Conclusion & Clinical Significance: It has been concluded on the basis of outcome measures and statistical results that cross training exercises will help runners to improve their muscle strength, muscle power and speed.

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Purpose of study: Previous studies have shown the effects of ergonomics and stretching separately on these work related upper limb disorders but none of the study so far has evaluated the combined effects of stretching and ergonomic interventions.

Materials and method: 90 subjects performing computer work for at least 20 hours per week with minimum four hours continuously per day from last two years were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, subjects received hydrocollator pack, advice on ergonomics and work style modifications. In group B, subjects received same intervention as in group A with additional stretching of upper fibres of trapezius muscle and levator scapulae muscle. And group C was control group and was provided only hot packs. Pre-test and Post-test values were collected by using standard goniometer as an outcome measure.

Results: After analyzing the results, significant improvement was found in all the three groups but both statistically and clinically, maximum improvement was found in group B.

Conclusion: It is recommended that patients with chronic neck disability associated with occupation will be given combination of stretching and ergonomic interventions along with other conservative treatments.

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Objectives: Objectives of the performed meta- analysis is to reaffirm the efficacy of manipulation and mobilisation and also compare between the two that which has been giving evidence based results, otherwise shown statistically significant results in randomised controlled trials and lastly to give a clear picture of manual therapy which should be applied clinically for future significant findings.

Method: Spine, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, American Journal of public health, The Spine Journal, Clinical Biomechanics, Journal of American physical therapy association, Journal Of Musculoskeletal Pain were searched for the period of 1992 to 2010. Data was extracted and assessed for methodologic quality. Pooled effects were calculated among homogenious trials using random effects model. Studies on efficacy of mobilization and manipulation on mechanical disorders of spine were included.

Results: 18 trials of high quality are included. Out of 18, in 1 trial mobilization and manipulation when given in conjunction with exercise was beneficial than exercise alone, in 10 trials manipulation gave better results, in 2 trials manipulation and mobilization when given to thoracic region cured cervical radiculopathy, 2 trials showed that both manipulation and mobilization gave beneficial results, 2 trials showed that mobilization is better than then manipulation and 1 trial evaluated negative results from both the manual therapy techniques.

Conclusion: There is some evidence that when mobilization and manipulation are given along with conventional therapy or individually have been proven beneficial so clinically worthwhile efforts are anticipated.

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Purpose of the Study

To determine the relative efficacy of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) as compared to Conventional Therapy in chronic low back pain due to Sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

Materials and Methods

30 patients 24 females and 6 males aged 30 - 50 yrs (41 ± 7.61), with a height of 158 ± 7.34 cm and weight of 66.2 ± 10.59 kg whose primary reported symptom was chronic low back pain were included for the study. The study was conducted in two phases: Phase 1 involved screening of Sacroiliac joint (SIJD) in the subjects having chronic low back pain (LBP) of greater than 3 months duration on the basis of subjective history and assessment criteria. The subjects who were tested positive for SIJD were made to sign an informed consent and included in the Phase 2 where they were randomly divided in to two groups: Group I Experimental Group (MET) Group II Conventional Therapy Group

Dependent Variables

(1) Pain perception on VAS, (2) Disability score on Revised Oswestry Disability Index, (3) Apparent functional leg length measurement using tape measure. The subjects in both the groups were treated for 6 days and Post treatment measurements (Day 6) were compared with Pre treatment (Day 1) measurements using appropriate statistical analysis.

Results

The apparent functional leg length difference found in SIJD could be restored to near normal in MET group. As far as reduction in pain and disability are concerned, both the groups showed almost similar results.

Conclusion

The present study concludes that SIJD (hypomobility) is a significant contributor and must be ruled out in each and every subject suffering from chronic LBP. It can be diagnosed on the basis of history and cluster of physical tests and can be successfully managed using MET alongwith Conventional Therapy.

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Background: Premature birth, commonly used as a synonym for preterm birth, refers to the birth of a baby before its organs mature enough to allow normal postnatal survival and growth and development as a child. Positioning an infant appropriately is one of the easiest ways to provide postural support that has both an immediate and lasting impact on an infant's motor development. We can prevent complications like respiratory distress syndrome, chronic lung disease, pneumonia by proper positioning of child. No relationship between these two positions with oxygen saturation is yet proved in preterm infants.

Methods: This was a comparative study between high side lying and side lying position that were randomly assigned to 40 preterm infants i.e. those who were born in less than 37 weeks gestation age and were haemodynamically stable. They were made to lie in each position in neonatal nursery under constant supervision for 3 regular hours in same day. Saturation of peripheral oxygen in infant was recorded by pulse oximeter every 15 minutes during these 3 hours and monitoring was continued till it reached the baseline again. The infant was assigned in the next position once oxygen saturation reached the baseline again. Random order of positioning was used.

Results: The influence of both positions on the saturation of peripheral oxygen (SPO2) in preterm infants was then evaluated and results formulated using paired t-test for evaluation of data. The data was collected with positioning using Pulse Oximeter as an outcome measure.

Conclusion: This highlighted that high side lying is better than side lying in improving saturation of peripheral oxygen in preterm infants.

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Introduction: Neural tissue provocation tests (NTPT) have been increasingly incorporated into clinical practice. Unfortunately, the early terminology used in describing these tests-'neural tension test' and 'adverse mechanical tension'- did little to further the acceptance, understanding or credibility of the physical treatment of neurogenic pain.

A more appropriate term is 'neural tissue provocation tests' as they are passive test applied in a manner to selectively stress different neural tissues in order to assess their sensitivity to mechanical provocation. Many experts in the field of neurodynamics have clearly stated the importance of the reproduction of a patient's symptoms, which implies the presence of pathology. The other feature which is vital to the interpretation of any neuromusculoskeletal clinical measure is the comparison between sides. It is essential to compare sides for there is tremendous variation in flexibility of the peripheral nervous system in both the lower and upper quarter.

Objectives: While there has been considerable research on neurodynamics, there has been little research investigating the diagnostic validity of such tests. The purpose of this study was to find out the rate of true positive (sensitivity) Upper limb neurodynamic test for median nerve (ULNT1) in patients with cervical spine mediated neural symptoms. This research also attempted to find bilateral variability, that is, difference in the angles of elbow extension within the range at which the responses were provoked, between the asymptomatic and symptomatic side of the patient.

Methods: Experimental same subject study design with 30 randomly selected patients in the age group of 20-60 years. Sample population was drawn from physiotherapy out-patient department of Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital and New Hope Physiotherapy Centre, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects with cervical pain and associated neural signs and symptoms (unilateral) went through ULNT1.

Results: Out of 30 patients, 26 were tested positive with ULNT1. True positive rate (sensitivity) was calculated using simple percentage. To find difference in the angles of elbow extension between asymptomatic and symptomatic side, paired t-test was used.

Conclusion: It was concluded that Neural tissue provocation test (ULNT1) is highly sensitive in diagnosing the patients with cervical spine mediated neural signs and symptoms. Significant difference in the angles of elbow extension existed between the asymptomatic and symptomatic sides.

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Introduction: Neural tissue provocation tests (NTPT) have been increasingly incorporated into clinical practice. Unfortunately, the early terminology used in describing these tests-'neural tension test' and 'adverse mechanical tension'- did little to further the acceptance, understanding or credibility of the physical treatment of neurogenic pain. A more appropriate term is 'neural tissue provocation tests' as they are passive test applied in a manner to selectively stress different neural tissues in order to assess their sensitivity to mechanical provocation. Many experts in the field of neurodynamics have clearly stated the importance of the reproduction of a patient's symptoms, which implies the presence of pathology. The other feature which is vital to the interpretation of any neuromusculoskeletal clinical measure is the comparison between sides. It is essential to compare sides for there is tremendous variation in flexibility of the peripheral nervous system in both the lower and upper quarter.

Objectives: While there has been considerable research on neurodynamics, there has been little research investigating the diagnostic validity of such tests. The purpose of this study was to find out the rate of true positive (sensitivity) Slump Test (modified) in patients with lumbar spine mediated neural symptoms. This research also attempted to find bilateral variability, that is, difference in the angles of knee extension within the range at which the responses were provoked, between the asymptomatic and symptomatic side of the patient.

Methods: Experimental same subject study design with 30 randomly selected patients in the age group of 20-60 years. Sample population was drawn from physiotherapy out-patient department of Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital and New Hope Physiotherapy Centre, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects with lumbar pain and associated neural signs and symptoms (unilateral) went through modified Slump Test (ST1). The test was performed bilaterally, first on asymptomatic and then on the symptomatic side of the patient.

Results: Out of 30 patients, 28 were tested positive with ST1. True positive rate (sensitivity) was calculated using simple percentage. To find difference in the angles of knee extension between asymptomatic and symptomatic side, paired t-test was used.

Conclusion: It was concluded that Neural tissue provocation test (ST1) is highly sensitive in diagnosing the patients with lumbar spine mediated neural signs and symptoms. Significant difference in the angles of knee extension existed between the asymptomatic and symptomatic sides.

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Background: Prematurity as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is a baby born before 37 weeks of gestation counting from the first day of the last menstrual period. Infants born at early gestational ages (<32 weeks), when compared with later ages (32-36) weeks scored lower on tests of gross motor development. So mild abnormalities detected in first few months would improve with early intervention programme.

Methods: The preterm infants born before 37 gestational weeks and having APGAR score above 7 (after 5 minutes) were randomly selected and divided into two groups (N=15). Early developmental intervention programme was given to one group and home intervention programme was given to other group (control group). The outcome measure was Gross Motor Function Measure.

Results: According to the need of the study unpaired t-test was applied and significant improvement was seen.

Conclusion: Greater improvement in motor performance of preterm infants who received the early intervention programme when compared with home intervention was revealed.

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Purpose of the study: To determine the effects of Nerve Mobilisation on Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT) in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Materials and Methods: 30 male subjects with VPT > 25, mean height of 175.93 and mean weight of 82.53 kg on the basis of thorough assessment and after signing informed consent were randomly divided into experimental and control group. The vibration perception Threshold was measured on all the four points on the plantar aspect of the foot i.e. pulp of the toe and 1st, 3rd and 5th metatarsal heads bilaterally for both the groups on Day 1 prior to treatment.

The subjects in the experimental group were given Tibial nerve mobilization bilaterally. This procedure was continued for a total of 21 days. The subjects in the control group were not given any intervention.

Dependent Variables: VPT readings at great toe and 1st, 3rd and 5th metatarsal head.

The subjects in both the groups were reassessed for Vibration Perception Threshold on the 21st Day. The post- test measurements of VPT were then compared with the pre - test ones and the appropriate data analysis was done.

Results: It was found that the subjects who were given tibial nerve mobilization showed reduction in VPT scores .

Conclusion: Nerve mobilisation may be an effective technique for delaying the diabetes related peripheral neuropathy, if detected at its earlier stages. This will ultimately help in preservation of the vibration sense of the foot and consequently reduce or delay the incidence of the devastating effects such as foot ulceration which may lead to foot amputation.

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Introduction: Patients with low back pain (LBP) present at different points in its genesis, with symptom severity and effects on quality of life a major factor in the timing of presentation. Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris along with paraspinal muscles are the most important muscles of the group. There is group action of all these muscles in a particular sequence which is necessary for smooth spinal movements and stabilized spine during dynamic state of the body.

Methodology:

Study design: Experimental

Study setting: Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital Patiala

Sampling: Random sampling technique

Sample size: 30 patients in group A which is control group and 30 patients in group B which is experimental group.

30 patients were included in 2 groups each group 1 was treated with routine physiotherapy as control group whereas group 2 was treated with routine physiotherapy along with gluteus maximus activation (isometric contraction of gluteus maximus in lengthened position). Outcome measures were taken in terms of VAS scale before and after the treatment daily for 10 days.

Result: Group 2 treated with gluteus maximus activation got relief early than group 1 although group 1 also got relief but took more number of days when compared with group 2.

Conclusion: Gluteus maximus activation should also be considered while treating mechanical low back pain.

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