Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Vijay Ebenezer ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Implant surgery complications are frequent occurrences in dental practice and knowledge in the management of these cases is essential. The aim of this review was to highlight the challenges of treatment plan-related, anatomy related, and procedure-related surgical complications as well as to discuss the etiology, management and treatment options to achieve a satisfactory treatment outcome. (Implant Dent 2008;17:159– 168).

Keywords

Dental Implants, Implant Complications, Implant Failures.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Peri-implantitis is a site-specific infectious disease that causes an inflammatory process in soft tissues, and bone loss around an osseointegrated implant in function. The etiology of the implant infection is conditioned by the status of the tissue surrounding the implant, implant design, degree of roughness, external morphology, and excessive mechanical load. Treatment will differ depending upon whether it is a case of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis. This review article deals with the various treatment options in the management of peri-implantitis.

Keywords

Dental Implant, Peri-Implantitis, Peri-Implant Mucositis.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Insufficient alveolar bone height is a common clinical situation encountered more in the posterior jaws. Advanced surgical procedures such as bone grafting, sinus lifting, and nerve repositioning are required to overcome this condition and make implant treatment possible for such patients. Short implants are considered as a viable alternative in patients with reduced alveolar bone height to avoid more invasive surgical procedures. They simplify the implant treatment, reduce patient morbidity, shorten the duration of treatment, and make it less expensive. With the improvements in the surface topography of implants, which increase the bone implant contact, and use of adapted surgical protocols similar survival rates as that of regular implants have been reported even with short implants.

Keywords

Bone Grafting, Bone Implant Contact, Short Implants, Viable Alternative.

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Balakrishnan ¹, Vijay Ebenezer ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Superior orbital fissure syndrome is a complex of cranial nerve impairment that affects the CN III, IV, V and VI all of which enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. Superior Orbital fissure syndrome occurs as a result of compression of all or some of these nerves passing through the fissure. Three major factors contributing to the syndrome includes traumatic injury, neoplasm and inflammation. This article takes into account the various data previously reported in literature and aims at providing a detailed knowledge about the anatomy of the superior orbital fissure to provide a better understanding about the syndrome.

Keywords

Superior Orbital Fissure, Trauma, Cranial Nerve.

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Balakrishnan ¹, Vijay Ebenezer ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The region of face is the most aesthetic part of the body and one of the most important parts of the personality of a person. Thus trauma or congenital defects resulting in aesthetic defects in the face are a huge problem to a person’s confidence. Over the decades, craniofacial plastic surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons and aesthetic surgeons have struggled to administer the best possible treatment to achieve near absolute aesthetic results. This also is dependent on the material used as a graft to fill the void in the defect. This article aims to review various articles and find out the efficacy of the various materials used for graft.

Keywords

Tissue Repair, Tension, Scar, Wound Closure.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹, Balakrishnan Ramalingam ¹, M. Elumalai ²

Affiliations
1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt Arts and Science College, Nandhanam, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Biocompatibility of dental implants is affected by corrosion, and their functional ability and useful lifetime. It can cause a lot of problems or even failure of the implant.The oral environment is affected by the electrolytes and oxygen compositions that are produced differ from that of tissue fluids.This is a review and update of the interaction of dental implants with the environment, and effects of secretion contamination on the load of implant prostheses.

Keywords

Saliva Milieu, Materialsof Dental Implants, pH of Saliva, Systemic Diseases.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹, Balakrishnan Ramalingam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Background: Displacement of dental implants into the maxillary sinus is rare, but it primarily occurs in patients with severe pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and/or deficiency of the alveolar process. Some complications such as the infection of the paranasal sinuses and formation of the oroantral fistula can be followed by the displacement of a dental implant. Therefore, the displaced implant has to be removed immediately with surgical intervention show and another plan for rehabilitation should be considered.

Main body: The conventional procedure for the removal of a displaced implant from the maxillary sinus involves sinus bone grafting and new implant placement performed in two or more steps with a significant time gap in between. Simplification of these surgical procedures can decrease the treatment duration and patient discomfort.

Conclusions: In this review, we discuss the anatomical characteristics of the maxillary sinus and the complications associated with implant displacement into the sinus.

Keywords

Dental Implant Displacement, Maxillary Sinus, Simultaneous Treatment.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹

Affiliations
1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The commonly used replacement for natural teeth are the titanium dental implants. In spite of many advancement in composition, methods, and structural design, implant failure is a also significant concern for the operating personnel and patient. The lack of Osseo integration is considered to be the major factors leading to the failure of implant. The Occlusal overload, compromised systemic status of the patient, smoking, and implant characteristics are among the other major causes for implant failure. The purpose of this condensed review is to discuss whether corrosion has to play a role in the failure of a dental implant.

Keywords

Corrosion, Occlusal Load, Surface Roughness.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹, Balakrishnan Ramalingam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this article is to review survival/success rate of dental implants inserted invascularized free fibula grafts.

Background: Placement of dental implants following mandibular reconstruction during ablative surgery using vascularized free fibula grafts has proved to be a successful technique to achieve good mastication and complete dental rehabilitation. Insertionof implantsinto the new mandible provides a better access to the bone, interdental relationships are easier to assess, and oral rehabilitation can be acquired in a short span of time.

Result: Study design, treatment methods, follow-ups, defect location, and morphology varied among studies. A definite conclusion could not be reached. Future studies with long-term follow-ups are required.

Conclusion: Osseointegration of dental implants is a relatively safe technique with minimal complications. Patient selection plays a vital role, dental implants may be placed primarily, thus reducing the time to oral rehabilitation. Vascularized fibula grafts are a suitable method of mandibular reconstruction and are amenable to be successful in both primary and secondary endosseous implantation.

Keywords

Free Fibula, Dental Implantation, Osseointegration.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹

Affiliations
1 Oral and Maxillofacial Durgery Department, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Loss of tooth causes more of a psychological trauma to the patient tha n functional loss, particularly if the tooth loss is in the aesthetic segment. Traditional protocols suggested a consolidation period of 3-4 months before placing dental implants. Immediate implant placement, defined as the placement of dental implant immediately into fresh extraction socket site after tooth extraction, has been considered a predictable and acceptable procedure.

Keywords

Dental Implants, Functional Loss, Immediate Implant, Osseoprogenitor, Cortico-cancellous, Coagulum.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹

Affiliations
1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Pallikaranai, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Success of dental implants is multifactorial, it needs efforts from clinician as well as the patients, this article deals with one of the significant factor that causes failure of dental implants which is the parafunctional habits ie the parafunctional habits associated with patient who receives implants which in turn causing implant failure. Antipsychotic drugs also plays a crucial role in developing the parafunctional habits. It is very much acceptable that the parafunctional habits knowingly or unknowingly causing implant failure to that particular patient who has those habits, habits counselling plays a vital role in minimizing its detrimental effects on implants.

Keywords

Parafunctional Habits, Implants.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹

Affiliations
1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Peri implant infection is a very commonly seen complication following the placement of dental implants. It usually affects both the soft tissue and hard tissue surrounding the dental implants. Studies have shown the prevalence rates of dental implants to be around 56%^(1,2). There are several risk factors predisposing a patient with a dental implant to periimplantitis. Some of these include systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive disorders etc., habits such as smoking and alcoholism, poor oral hygiene and improper maintenance of the dental implant. Although a proper protocol has not been found to treat periimplantitis, several conservative and surgical approaches are used to treat periimplantitis. The baseline of treatment is improving the oral hygiene by means of mechanical cleaning and the usage anti-infective oral rinses^(2,3). Laser and photodynamic therapy have been found to yield excellent results in the treatment of periimplantitis and have come into light in the recent years. Surgical therapy includesresective therapy and regeneration using bone replacement grafts. The following is a brief review of the various studies done, to understand the etiology, risk factors and treatment modalities of periimplantitis⁽⁴⁾.

Keywords

Periimplantitis, Peri Implant Infections, Review, Periimplantitis Treatment.

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Chandhini Asokan ¹, Vijay Ebenezer ², Balakrishnan Ramalingam ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Velachery Main Road, Narayanapuram, Pallikaranai, IN
2 Professor, Head of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Professor, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken examining data to find the evidence of prophylactic administration of antibiotics inrelation to treating patients of maxillofacial fractures.

Study Design: Studies that fulfilled most of the requirements pertaining to it were retrieved. A computerized search was carried out using PubMed, and MEDLINE databases with the logical operators: "antibiotic" and "prophylaxis" and "maxillofacial trauma."

Results: A survey of these studies showed a drastic decrease in the infection rate of mandibular fractures in the antibiotic treated groups when being compared with the control groups. A variety of antibiotics had been used with an apparently constant effect. An "once a day" regimen ora 1-day treatment course had a similar or perhaps even better result than 7 days of treatment. No infections were corresponding to condylar, maxillary, or zygomafractures.

Conclusion: An "once a day" regimenor 1-day administration of prophylactic antibiotics seem to be the best documented to reduce infections.

Keywords

Antibiotics, Fracture, Prophylaxis.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹

Affiliations
1 Oral and Maxillofacial surgerydepartment, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The Working of self-tapping and nonself-tapping implant design in terms of implant stability,durability and ease in bone present in the maxilla and mandible It involved a total of 150 implants: 75 self-tapping and 75 nonself-tapping. The implants were placed in the various segments of the maxilla and mandible in sites prepared with either lateral bone-condensing or with bone-drilling techniques. Implant stability measurements were performed immediately after implant placement and weekly during a 12-week followup period ^(1,2).

Both types of implants placed after bone techniques results in agreeably good stability immediately after placement, as well as during the complete12-week observation time. After bone condensation, there were no much variation in initial stability or in complete implantstability⁽³⁾.

Keywords

Tapping, Stability, Bone Preparation.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹, Balakrishnan Ramalingam ², M. Elumalai ³

Affiliations
1 Professor and Head, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt Arts and Science College, Nandhanam, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The use of implants in replacement of missing teeth is usually minimal in patients with completed craniofacial growth. This literature review is to give an insight about the use of dental implants in growing patients and in patients with ectodermal dysplasia and the effect of maxillary and mandibular skeletal and dental growth on the strength of these implants. It is advisable that on deciding the optimal individual for implant placement, the time point of implant insertion, the status of skeletal growth, the degree of hypodontia, and extension of related psychological stress should be taken into consideration, in addition to the status of existing dentition and dental compliance of a pediatric patient.

Keywords

Children, Dental Implants, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Growth.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹, Balakrishnan Ramalingam ², M. Elumalai ³

Affiliations
1 Professor and Head, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt Arts and Science College, Nandhanam, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Implant is the best alternative option nowadays for missing tooth replacement. Lack of bone height poses a significant obstacle for its placement. Bone augmentation is an option to counter this problem. To treat the local physiological as well as anatomical limitation, maxillary sinus floor elevation has become an important pre-placement procedure in maxilla. With the advent of Various methodologies to increase the thickness of maxillary sinus floor, One of the techniques involve minimal elevation of maxillary sinus membrane, Schneiderian membrane, while other include placement of various type of grafts including allografts, autografts, bone morphogenetic proteins, and hydroxyapatite crystals. The bone substitutes used in sinus lift is reviewed in this article.

Keywords

Dental Implant, Schneiderian Membrane, Sinus Lift, Bone Graft.

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Vijay Ebenezer ¹, Balakrishnan Ramalingam ², M. Elumalai ³

Affiliations
1 Professor and Head, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt Arts and Science College, Nandhanam, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Success of a dental implant depends on osseointegration which is the direct structural and functional connection between the dental implant and the alveolar bone. Successful osseointegration requires both primary stability (mechanical stability) between the implant and the bone and secondary stability (biological stability) which occurs during bone remodelling during healing.

Keywords

Osseodensification, Osteotomy, Bone Density.

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