Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Abstract

Objective: To analyse the response to implementation of PPTCT program in a peripheral hospital and to study the involvement of husbands for counselling and testing.

Design: Prospective study

Setting: PPTCT centre attached to rural medical college, MVJ Medical College & RH

Study Population: All pregnant mothers attending the ante natal clinic at Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at MVJ MC & RH

Method: Data of 4372 women attending the antenatal clinic from April 2006 to December 2007 was analysed. Data of husband counselling and testing was also analysed.

Results: Out of 4412 women, 4372 (99%) underwent pre test counselling, 2566 (58.6%) underwent post test counselling. Total number of spouse tested 290 (6.6%).Acceptability of the test after pretest counselling is 99%. Women attended post test counselling and collected reports in 58.6%. Sero prevalence of HIV was 0.73% of which 62.5% came for post test counselling and 46.8% patients got Nevirapine. Only 10% of the husbands of total antenatal cases came for counselling of which 65% got tested

Conclusion: The acceptability of test after pretest counselling is satisfactory but the follow up for post test counselling and the proportion of sero positive women getting nevirapine is to be improved. There is need to enhance male involvement to make husband friendly antenatal clinic.

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Abstract

Introduction: Infections acquired in health care settings during the course of treatment are among one of the major causes of death and increased morbidity among hospitalized patients. Hospital acquired infections have significant bearing on economic costs owing to the increased length of stay.

Objectives:

1.To find out common organisms causing hospital acquired infection and their antibiotic susceptibility

2. To find the relation between invasive procedures and hospital acquired infections

Methodology: Retrospective analysis of inpatients records of medical intensive care units using a predesigned and structured questionnaire. Hospital acquired infections were identified as per operational definition which was based on microbiological reports.

Results: The rate of Hospital acquired infection was 1.2% among patients admitted to Medical ICU. It is observed that duration of hospital stay is considerably long among these patients. Organisms isolated from the specimens are Pseudomonas, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus, These organisms were sensitive to Amikacin in addition to other drugs such as Cephaperazone, Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Netilmycin. Logistic regression analysis (using statistical package for social sciences) revealed statistically significant association between Hospital Acquired Infections and Patients on Ventilators [Odds ratio =16.66 (P = 0.04].

Conclusion: The rate of Hospital acquired infections are more in intensive care units. Invasive procedures contribute to the development of Hospital acquired infection. Therefore strict infection control programmes and antibiotic policy should be formulated.

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Abstract

Title: Study about awareness and practices about Carbonated Drinks among school students in an International school, Bangalore

Background: The consumption of carbonated drinks in youngsters is increasing in alarming proportions. They are often not aware of the health hazards of the excess consumption. Studies have suggested that children who drink a lot of soft drinks risk becoming fat, weak-boned, cavity -prone and caffeine addicted. A cross sectional study was conducted in an International School to assess the awareness and practices in school students regarding carbonated drinks. The study subjects comprised of school students between ages 14years and 18years who were in eight standard to twelfth standard. A total of 300 students were randomly selected and included in the study. A self administered pretested structured questionnaire was introduced for the purpose of the study. Maximum of students responded gastritis (46%) specifically as the important ill-effects associated with the consumption of the carbonated drinks for long period of time followed by teeth diseases (20.15 %) and about 23.5% of the them were not aware of the ill-effects of the same at all. A holistic approach should be incorporated to combat the problems associated with the consumption of carbonated drinks.

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Abstract

Background: The preference for son and discrimination against the girl child is almost universal in India and manifest it in many ways. Changes in sex ratio reflect underlying socioeconomic, cultural patterns of a society. Skewed sex ratio is an issue of major concern. Desire for male child manifests so blatantly that parents have no qualms about repeated, closely spaced pregnancies, premature deaths and even terminating child before it is born.

Method: Total 200 antenatal women were interviewed by systematic random sampling with prior consent using a well designed, pre- tested questionnaire. The data was analyzed by percentages and chi-square test

Results: Overall in this study it was observed male preference was in 63% antenatal women. Out of total women with first child as a baby girl 78.6 % keenly wanted second baby as a boy. Almost more than half of the women (59%) were aware about consequences of female foeticide and 69% were aware of the PNDT act.

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Introduction: Uterus, a vital reproductive organ is subjected to many benign and malignant diseases. Many treatment options are available including medical, conservative and surgical approach, but still hysterectomy remains the most common gynecological procedure performed worldwide

Objectives:

1. To describe the profile of hysterectomy cases

2. To evaluate the various indications of hysterectomy

3. To evaluate the various pathological findings

Methodology: Study was conducted in M.V.J medical college and research hospital, Bangalore rural using a predesigned and structured questionnaire. Patients in the Gynecological wards who have undergone Hysterectomy from the period 2010 January to 2011 June were the study subjects.

Results: A total of 293 subjects were interviewed, findings are as follows, mean age of hysterectomy cases is 44 ± 9.9, majority of the cases were in the age group 35-45 years. Common indications of hysterectomy are Uterine prolapse (36%), fibroid (21%), dysfunctional uterine bleeding (17%). Significant pathological findings are Cervicitis(52%), Leiomyoma(12%), Adenomyosis(9%). Information about risk factors for cervical cancer revealed the following. Mean parity is 3, Regular Pap smear test was done in only 1.3% of the cases, none of them were aware about HPV vaccination. None of them reported about multiple sexual partners and STDs. About 1.7% of the study subjects reported that their partners had undergone circumscion, OCP usage for more than 8 yrs was seen in 6.1% of the cases. Poor birth spacing was seen in 33%, poor personal hygiene was reported in 37% of the cases.

Conclusion: As 52% of the study subjects reported cervical inflammation as the pathology findings. Regular cervical cancer screening programmes must be emphasized such as regular Pap smear test should be conducted in women of reproductive age group,

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