Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, S. Rajeshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
4 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the bleaching efficacy of Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.

Material and Methodology: An in-vitro experimental study was carried out on 18 sound human maxillary fully erupted Premolars extracted stored in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS). They were segregated in to 3 Groups (Group I , Group II and Group II) consisting of 6 samples in each group. Their UV transmission wavelengths between 380-780 were determined using Spectrophotometer. The samples of the three groups were subjected to bleaching treatments with 10% Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis was carried out and data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel for transferred to SPSS for analysis.

Results: It was observed that the bleaching procedure significantly changes the enamel translucency, making it opaquer. It was found in our study that Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide has a superior bleaching efficacy showing a mean value of 0.4 ± 0.88 prior treatment which increased to 3.3 ± 2.32 post treatment with the bleaching agent than Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide. The efficacy of 10% carbamide peroxide was found to have least efficacy. The study showed that the mean value of samples in group III was the highest (3.3 ± 2.32) followed by group II (1.9±0.43) and group I (1.7 ± 2.26).

Conclusion: Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide had superior bleaching effect compared with Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.10% carbamide peroxide was found to have the least efficacy than other combinations

Keywords

Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.

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S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, S. Rajeshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
4 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the bleaching efficacy of Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.

Material and Methodology: An in-vitro experimental study was carried out on 18 sound human maxillary fully erupted Premolars extracted stored in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS). They were segregated in to 3 Groups (Group I , Group II and Group II) consisting of 6 samples in each group. Their UV transmission wavelengths between 380-780 were determined using Spectrophotometer. The samples of the three groups were subjected to bleaching treatments with 10% Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis was carried out and data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel for transferred to SPSS for analysis.

Results: It was observed that the bleaching procedure significantly changes the enamel translucency, making it opaquer. It was found in our study that Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide has a superior bleaching efficacy showing a mean value of 0.4 ± 0.88 prior treatment which increased to 3.3 ± 2.32 post treatment with the bleaching agent than Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide. The efficacy of 10% carbamide peroxide was found to have least efficacy. The study showed that the mean value of samples in group III was the highest (3.3 ± 2.32) followed by group II (1.9±0.43) and group I (1.7 ± 2.26).

Conclusion: Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide had superior bleaching effect compared with Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.10% carbamide peroxide was found to have the least efficacy than other combinations

Keywords

Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.

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S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ²

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Oral health is an integral portion of overall general health. Oral diseases qualify as a global and major public health problem owing to their high prevalence and incidence in all regions of the world. Oral health in India is usually not considered as an issue with priority by the public health sector. The main hindrance that deprives people of availing services is the high cost. The year 1929 is considered remarkable as birth of modern health insurance took place. Though India has accomplished a lot in terms of General Health Insurance, achievements are not made as far as comprehensive dental insurance system is concerned which is virtually nonexistent. Increasing awareness about various available modalities for dental care among public necessitates dental coverage which still remains a large untapped market. Effective dental insurance system will help people get minimum essential dental treatments at affordable prices. It reduces global economic burden of oral diseases. This creates awareness regarding preventive and prophylactic procedures percolating at the grass ischolar_main levels which further enables to instill positive dental attitude. Hence it is a good tool for oral health promotion as well. A state of enormous transition exists in the oral healthcare delivery system of India. The biggest challenge of the present time is the need for dental health providers to serve the rural population with care and also understanding the insurance sector.. A better apprehension regarding dental insurance in India is needed to gain clarity. This review was carried out with an aim to explore the factors associated with its operation.

Keywords

Health Insurance, Dental Insurance, India, Dental Health Insurance Companies, Dental Health Insurance Schemes, Benefits of Dental Insurance.

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Shreelakshmi Sekar ¹, Meignana Arumugham Indiran ², Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ³, Srisakthi Doraikannan ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Background: Oral Health is a fundamental human right. It is an integral portion reflecting the status of overall general health. Poor oral health is commonly associated with many systemic diseases. Oral diseases qualify as a major public health problem at global level owing to its high prevalence. India is no exception and due to its large population size, the absolute burden of oral diseases is immense. Oral health is not usually considered as a matter of concern and given priority in most of the developing countries.

Aim: To assess the status of oral health of residents in Chennai for formulating a draft oral health policy.

Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using convenient sampling methodology. Data were collected according to the World Health Organization oral health assessment criteria 2013. The data tested for significance using statistical software packages, SPSS Software version 17.0. Frequency tables were computed. Chi square test was done to test whether the difference in the various parameters is statistically significant.

bOut of 318 males, 117(36.79%) require scaling and 250 (78.61%) of them need restorative treatments. Extraction is indicated for 27 (8.49%). Prosthetic treatment is recommended for nearly 50 (15.72%) of them. It also shows that out of 282 females, around 178 members comprising of 63.12% require scaling, 220 (63.12%) need restorative treatments while extraction is indicated for 78(27.65%) of them and 50(15.72) women were recommended prosthetic treatments.

Conclusion: The study population was characterized by high prevalence of dental caries.

Keywords

Oral Diseases, Prevalence, Residents, Oral Health Status, Oral Health Policy.

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S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ², Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, Srisakthi Doraikannan ²

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Background: Toothbrush is the widely used personal and the most cost effective oral hygiene maintenance aid. Hence it must be appropriately selected.

Aim: To determine if professional health education or following brushing technique after reading instructions given by the manufacturer has an impact on dental plaque levels.

Method: The present trial was examiner blind, randomized and two visit study with 100 volunteers. The total sample consisted of 100 subjects and they were equally divided in to 4 groups. Group I were given health Education and instructed to use V-Beat Toothbrush. Group II were taught health education and instructed to use normal toothbrush. Group III and IV were instructed to use V-Beat and normal toothbrushes respectively. Participants were assessed for dental plaque status according to Turesky’s Gilmore modification of Quigley-Hein plaque index using two-tone disclosing agent at baseline and first visit (7 days) which were subjected to comparisons. Data were entered in Excel and transferred to SPSS (Version 23) and correlation between and within the groups were determined for analysis.

Results: Group-I was found to be statistically significant than other groups compared in the study. On comparing Group-I and IV, least correlation was shown. However, greater significance was observed in Group-I. Further Comparisons of Groups I & II with III & IV led to the finding that significant difference was observed in the groups to which health education was given.

Conclusion: Health education intervention followed by usage of V-Beat tooth brush was most effective in reducing plaque.

Keywords

Dental Plaque, Oral Health Education, Plaque Scores, Toothbrush Design, Toothbrush Selection.

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