Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

R. Hariharan ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, R. JayasriKrupaa ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Diabetes is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders manifested by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting all age groups. There are 2 major types of diabetes mellitus are type I, Insulin dependent type and type II, Non insulin dependent type. Gestational diabetes is a state of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. It is one of the major disease increasing the mortality and morbidity worldwide.Hyperglycemia in diabetes is caused by insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. The common oral manifestations in diabetics are periodontal diseases, fungal infection, salivary dysfunction, burning mouth syndrome, delayed wound healing etc.This article aims to review and increase the awareness among the dental professionals about oral manifestations and complications of diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

Hyperglycaemia, Xerostomia, Burning Mouth Syndrome, Periodontitis.

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A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, R. JayasriKrupaa ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Generally, drug induced reactions are more commonly seen in population. Certain drugs have the capacity to cause pathologic reactions in the oral and perioral region.Drug induced diseases can help the clinician to determine the relationship with a particular group of drugs. The underlying mechanism is unknown but the final outcome of the disease can be predicted by pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics. Xerostomia, Swelling, Dysguesia, Nonspecific Ulceration, Vesiculobullous or ulcerative mucositis, pigmentation of mucosa, Gingival enlargement, oral malodour, taste alterations, discoloration of teeth are the clinical presentation of drug induced reaction. This review article gives a brief description about the diseases caused by drugs, so that dentists can update their knowledge for a better diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords

Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Induced Xerostomia, Salivary Gland Diseases.

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A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, R. JayasriKrupaa ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

On examination, lymph node enlargement may be an incidental finding, or may be associated with a patient complaint. Over half of the patients examined every day may have enlarged lymph nodes in the head and neck region. Oral health care providers must able to determine when lymphadenopathy should be investigated further since it has a high frequency of occurrence. But it is the duty of the clinician to search for a precipitating cause and examine other nodal locations to exclude generalized lymphadenopathy. Generally lymph node larger than 1 cm in diameter is considered as an abnormal lymph node. Malignancy should be considered when palpable lymph nodes are identified in the supraclavicular region, or when nodes are rock hard, rubbery, or fixed in consistency. Patients with unexplained localized cervical lymphadenopathy presenting with a benign clinical picture should be observed for a 2- to 4-week period. This article reviews common causes of lymphadenopathy, and clinical approach to a patient with cervical lymphadenopathy.

Keywords

Cervical Lymphadenopathy, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis.

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