Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

R. Hariharan ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, L. Malathi ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

During infancy and early childhood,breastfeeding is one of the most important activities.For the first six months of life,the only source of nutrition for a healthy infant is breast milk as specified in the policy statement of the AAP section. It is beneficial to both mother and the child.To infants it offers ideal nutrition, resistance to infectious diseases, enhanced immune systemsince it contains secretory immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG),reduced risk of chronic diseases and allergy,physical and developmental growth benefits.The most common infection encountered during childhood is Acute otitis media (AOM),commonly referred to as middle ear infection.In US, children aged through 0 to 4 years, the health care visits with AOM as primary diagnosis was 575 per 1000 visits in 2007. AOM begins as an upper respiratory tract infection that can lead to Eustachian tube dysfunction which can eventually result in hearing loss in children[1,3]To mother,the benefits of breast feeding include increased physiologic postpartum recovery and reduced long term risk of obesity,osteoporosis and breast and ovarian cancers[1]. As recommended by HHS Healthy people 2010 goals, one of the consequences of continued breastfeeding beyond six months is compromised dental health. However there is no valid link has been made between breastfeeding and dental cavities^[1,4].

Keywords

Breastfeeding, Nutrition, Oral Microbiome.

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R. Hariharan ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, R. JayasriKrupaa ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Diabetes is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders manifested by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting all age groups. There are 2 major types of diabetes mellitus are type I, Insulin dependent type and type II, Non insulin dependent type. Gestational diabetes is a state of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. It is one of the major disease increasing the mortality and morbidity worldwide.Hyperglycemia in diabetes is caused by insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. The common oral manifestations in diabetics are periodontal diseases, fungal infection, salivary dysfunction, burning mouth syndrome, delayed wound healing etc.This article aims to review and increase the awareness among the dental professionals about oral manifestations and complications of diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

Hyperglycaemia, Xerostomia, Burning Mouth Syndrome, Periodontitis.

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R. Hariharan ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, R. Jayasri Krupaa ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Kidney disease is a worldwide disease, with higher rate of increasing incidence and prevalence. Chronic renal failure is adisease in which chronic destruction of nephrons occurs and ends up in irreversible loss of kidney function associated with reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate(GFR). Renal function is measured using GFR by estimating Creatine Clearance(CC). Patients suffering from End Stage Renal Disease(ESRD) may also encounter with hypertension, anaemia, infection, risk of bleeding, adverse effects of drugs and several other oral manifestation. Chronic renal failure cause various oral manifestations which affect both teeth and their surrounding tissues. The aim of this article is to provide knowledge for dentist regarding the association between renal diseases and their oral manifestation and to provide guidelines for managing these patients by improving the dental protocols for those patients. By improving the treatment protocol and oral hygiene of these patients, dentist can be able to prevent endocarditis and septicaemia.

Keywords

Chronic Renal Failure, Creatinine Clearance, Dialysis, Xerostomia.

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L. Malathi ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², E. Rajesh ¹, N. Anitha ¹, R. Hariharan ³

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Neuralgia is the disorder produced by change in neurological structure or function. These neuralgias produces symptoms which affect the physical as well as mental health of the patient. There are several neuralgias that occur in maxillofacial regions, they are trigeminal neurlagia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, nervous intermedius neuralgia and occipital neuralgia. Out of all these, trigeminal neuralgia is the most common cause for occurrence of or facial pain. Neuralgic pain is characterized by mostly unilateral, superficial, short, shock like pain with recurrence attacks. They also have trigger points which can arise pain on appropriate stimuli. The aim of this article is to discuss various types of neuralgias and their recent advancements in treatment.

Keywords

Neuralgia, Pain, Aneurysm.

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R. Hariharan ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Human whole mouth saliva (WMS) is secreted by salivary glands, namely parotid, submandibular/sublingual and other minor glands of the oral cavity. The human saliva consists of various proteins and peptides which serve as diagnostic aids in detection of various contagious and organ related diseases. Saliva can be used to detect various systemic and oral diseases. In any disease early diagnosis helps in proper treatment planning and better prognosis. Saliva has a great potential as a diagnostic fluid and offers advantage over serum and other biological fluids by an economic and non- invasive collection method for monitoring of systemic health and disease progression.This review examines the diagnostic application of saliva for systemic diseases.

Keywords

Saliva, Diagnostic Fluid, Biomarker, Systemic Disease.

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