A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Joseph, Nitin
- Incidence, Correlates and Outcomes of Low Birth Weight - a one Year Longitudinal Study
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, J.N.Medical College, Belgaum, IN
3 Department of Community Medicine, J.N.Medical College, Belgaum,, IN
4 Department of Pediatrics, Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, IN
5 Department of Community Medicine, Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, IN
6 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manglore, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 2, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 63-67Abstract
Background
Birth weight is a reliable and sensitive predictor of a newborn's chances for survival, growth and long term physical and psychosocial development. Thus knowing the magnitude and associated risk factors of low birth weight (LBW) will help in minimizing its incidence in the community.
Aims
To find out the incidence of LBW babies, its risk factors and its effects during the first year of life.
Study design
This longitudinal study was done in three subcentre areas of South India. Subjects All the 194 babies born from November 2004 to April 2005 formed the birth cohort.
Outcome measures
Weight of the newborn was recorded in the initial visit followed by monthly follow up visits to enquire about their morbidities.
Results
The incidence of LBW among 194 babies was 2.48 per 1000 live births. The risk factors significantly associated with LBW were age at first pregnancy below 19 years, less than 100 or no intake of iron and folic acid tablets (IFA) during antenatal period, birth spacing of less than 2 years between pregnancies and babies of Scheduled caste or tribe (SC/ ST) families. Incidence of episodes of all morbidities was more and that of anemia was significantly more among LBW compared to normal birth weight babies during the first year of life.
Conclusions
LBW was affected by multiple risk factors with consequent effect on occurrence of morbidities. Such factors need to be affectively controlled to improve child health and development.
Keywords
Low Birth Weight, Incidence, Correlates, Outcomes, Morbidities, Community, Longitudinal Study
References
- Biswas R, Dasgupta A, Sinha RN, Chaudhuri RN. An epidemiological study of low birth weight newborns in the district of Puruliya, West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2008;52:65-71.
- Kumar A. Primary newborn care. Health Action 2002;15:5-6.
- World Health Organisation, Development of indicators for monitoring progress towards “Health for all by year 2000”. Health for All Series, No. 4, 1981, Geneva.
- United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization, Low Birth Weight: Country, regional and global estimates. UNICEF, New York, 2004, p 1-9.
- Agarwal AK. Social Classification: The Need to Update in the Present Scenario. Indian J Community Med 2008;33:50-1.
- Mondal B. Low birth weight in relation to sex of baby, maternal age and parity: A hospital based study on Tangsa tribe from Arunachal Pradesh. J Indian Med Assoc 1998;96:362-4.
- Hirve SS, Ganatra BR. Determinants of low birth weight: A community based prospective cohort study. Indian Pediatr 1994;31:1221-4.
- Schlep FP, Pongpaew P. Analysis of low birth weight rates and associated factors in rural and urban hospital in Thailand. J Trop Pediatr 1985;31:4-8.
- Gebremariam A. Factors predisposing to low birth weight in Jimma Hospital south western Ethiopia. East Afr Med J 2005;82:554-8.
- Karim E, Mascie-Taylor CG. The association between birthweight, sociodemographic variables and maternal anthropometry in an urban sample from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ann Hum Biol 1997;24:387-401.
- Chumnijarakij T, Nuchprayoon T, Chitinand S, Onthuam Y, Quamkul N, Dusitsin N, et al. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight newborn in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 1992;75:445-52.
- Wang CS, Chou P. Risk factors for low birth weight among first-time mothers in southern Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2001;100:168-72.
- Coutinho PR, Cecatti JG, Surita FG, Souza JP, Morais SS. Factors associated with low birth weight in a historical series of deliveries in Campinas, Brazil. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2009;55:692-9.
- Mavalankar DV, Gray RH, Trivedi CR. Risk factors for preterm and term low birthweight in Ahmedabad, India. Int J Epidemiol 1992;21:263-72.
- Stojanoviæ M, Bojaniæ V, Musoviæ D, Miloseviæ Z, Stojanoviæ D, Visujiæ A, et al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and socioeconomic factors as predictors of low birth weight in term pregnancies in Nis. Vojnosanit Pregl 2010;67:145-50.
- Siza JE. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates among pregnant women attending a referral hospital in northern Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res 2008;10:1-8.
- Dinh PH, To TH, Vuong TH, Höjer B, Persson LA. Maternal factors influencing the occurrence of low birthweight in northern Vietnam. Ann Trop Paediatr 1996;16:327-33.
- Nair SN, Rao PRS, Chandrashekar S, Acharya D, Bhat VH. Socio-demographic and maternal determinants of low birth weight: A multivariate approach. Indian J Pediatr 2000;67:9-14.
- Janjua NZ, Delzell E, Larson RR, Meleth S, Kristensen S, Kabagambe E, et al. Determinants of low birth weight in urban Pakistan. Public Health Nutr 2009;12:789-98.
- Vega J, Sáez G, Smith M, Agurto M, Morris NM. Risk factors for low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation in Santiago, Chile. Rev Med Chil 1993;121:1210-9.
- Park K. Preventive Medicine in Obstetrics, Paediatrics and Geriatrics. In: Park K, editor. Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 18th Ed. Jabalpur: Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers; 2005. pp. 460.
- Tema T. Prevalence and determinants of low birth weight in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. East Afr Med J 2006;83:366-71.
- Kalanda B, Verhoeff F, le Cessie S, Brabin J. Low birth weight and fetal anaemia as risk factors for infant morbidity in rural Malawi. Malawi Med J 2009;21:69- 74.
- Rahmanifar A, Kirksey A, Mc Cabe GP, Galal OM, Harrison GG, Jerome NW. Respiratory tract and diarrheal infections of breast-fed infants from birth to 6 months of age in household contexts of an Egyptian village. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:655-62.
- Tantracheewathorn S, Lohajaroensub S. Incidence and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia in term infants. J Med Assoc Thai 2005;88:45-51.
- Influence of Mastication Rate on Prandial Glycemia among Prediabetics:An Observation
Authors
1 Department of Internal Medicine, KMC–Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IN
2 PSG Institute of Medicsl Sciences, Coimbatore, IN
3 Department of Physiology, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Internal Medicine, KMC – Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IN
5 Department of Community Medicine, KMC – Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 10, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 14-19Abstract
Background: Thorough mastication has the potential to affect postprandial blood sugar levels (BSL) by improving digestibility and absorption of nutrients. Associations between mastication and glucose metabolism in diabetics have been shown in previous studies. However, the association between mastication and BSL in pre-diabetes has not been clarified. Our objective was to examine association between frequency of chewing and BSL in prediabetes population-based cohort.
Method: On attaining Institutions ethical committee clearance, considering all inclusion and exclusion criteria and after taking informed consent, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 95 prediabetic individuals. Subjects recruited to study received a fixed calorific load of 150 calories in form of 25 grams of groundnuts on two successive days. We decided to use groundnuts as substrate for our study as we hypothesized this would result in elevated cephalic phase insulin secretion, since it requires thorough mastication for deglutition and is rich in protein (26%), fat (49%) but little carbohydrate (16%), of which >50% is insoluble fiber. On Day 1 subjects were observed as they were chewing at their routine habituated rates without them being conscious that they are being observed while on Day 2 they were asked to chew each bolus forty times before swallowing. Postprandial BSL were estimated, all parameters and their obtained values were scrutinized on both days and data was statistically analyzed.
Results: On comparing the mean post prandial BSL between normal chewing versus 40 time chewing, statistically significant decrease was observed with respect to 40 chews per bolus (p < 0.000).
Conclusions: These findings support hypothesis that when in pre-diabetic individuals a simple yet effective method of thorough mastication will decrease postprandial BSL vis –a-vis faster chewing and swallowing.