Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

N. Anitha ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ², S. Leena Sankari ², K. Ramesh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology.SreeBalaji Dental College and Hospital, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Sree Balaji Dental College And Hospital, IN
3 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, IN

Abstract

Lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous neoplasm of the lymphatic system with a marked predilection for the head and neck region. Most common location is submandibular region and in oral cavity tongue is commonly affected Around half the cases are present since birth. Herein we report a case of lymphangioma in 25 year old female. The clinical and histopathological finding of the case with possible etiology, management are discussed.

Keywords

Lymphangioma, Hamartoma, Cystic Hygroma.

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A. Jebilla Pringle ¹, S. Satheesh Babu ², E. Rajesh ³, N. Anitha ³, N. Aravindha Babu ³, K. M. K. Masthan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekaram, Kanyakumari District, IN
2 Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Ariyur, Puduchery, IN
3 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the ischolar_main proximity of maxillary and mandibular inter radicular sites using orthopantomogram (OPG) and cone beam computed tomograph (CBCT) for the primary stability of mini implants. The cone beam computed tomographic images and orthopantomographic images of 70 subjects were taken. The interdental sites from distal of canine to mesial of second molar are examined for ischolar_main proximity. The ischolar_main proximity was measured at four levels from cementoenamel junction in 70 CBCT and OPG images. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the values obtained from CBCT and OPG images; the ischolar_main proximity was least 6mm above the cementoenamel junction in maxilla and mandible in the range of 1.09-3.62mm, 1.45-4.17 mm respectively. The study concluded that CBCT images are more accurate and reliable. At 5mm from CEJ in the region between the first molar and second premolar in maxilla and in the area between first molar to first premolar in mandible the ischolar_main proximity is least and adequate for mini implant placement.

Keywords

Orthopantomogram, CBCT, Implants.

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N. Anitha ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, L. Malathi ¹, E. Rajesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental college and hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Pigmentation of oral mucosa occurs due to accumulation of pigments and thereby leading to colour change. Pigmented lesions of oral cavity can be physiologic or pathologic. The pigments causing discolouration can be either from external sources (exogenous) or internal sources(endogenous). Certain drugs can also cause pigmentation of the oral mucosa. Benign and malignant tumours of melanocytic origin can also be pigmented in nature. Endocrine diseases (adrenal) can also cause pigmentation. Diagnosing pigmented lesions requires thorough knowledge of various causes and proper diagnosis is important for planning the treatment.

Keywords

Pigmentation, Pigments, Melanocytes.

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L. Malathi ¹, N. Anitha ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept of Oral Pathology Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

People use mouth rinses as a part of their oral hygiene in their day to day life. Although rinses impart some benefits to users, improper use of mouth rinses may result in various side effects1. Usually mouthwashes are antiseptic solutions intended to reduce the microbial load in the oral cavity, although other mouthwashes might be given for other reasons such as for their analgesic, anti- inflammatory or anti-fungal action.

Keywords

Mouth Wash, Oral Hygiene, Anti Septic, Allergic Reaction.

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G. Nishanth ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, N. Anitha ¹, L. Malathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education (BIHER) Chennai, IN

Abstract

Periodontal abscess is the third most frequent dental emergency, representing 7–14% of all the dental emergencies.. Numerous aetiologies have been implicated. The diagnosis is done by the analysis of the signs and symptoms and by the usage of supplemental diagnostic aids. The treatment of the periodontal abscess has been a challenge for many decades. In the past, the periodontal abscess in periodontal diseased teeth was the main reason for tooth extraction. Today, three therapeutic approaches are being discussed in dentistry, that include, drainage and debridement, systemic antibiotics and periodontal surgical procedures which are applied in the chronic phase of the disease.The localization of the acute periodontal abscess and the possibility of obtaining drainage are essential considerations for successful treatment.The aim of this review is to give a clear idea about periodontal abscess and its management.

Dento alveolar abscess is the third most frequent dental crisis, representing to 7–14% of all the dental crises.. Various aetiologies have been involved. The diagnosis is done by the examination of the signs and manifestations and by the utilization of supplemental diagnostic guides. The treatmen has been a challenge for a long time. Before, this in periodontal diseased teeth was the fundamental purpose behind tooth extraction. Today, three remedial methodologies are being examined in dentistry, that incorporate, drainage and debridement, systemic antibiotics and periodontal surgeries which are applied in the incessant period of the disease.The restriction of the acute dentoalveolar abscess and the plausibility of acquiring drainage are basic contemplations for effective treatment.The point of this review is to give a reasonable thought regarding periodontal abscess and its management.

Keywords

Abscess, Dental Emergencies, Periodontitis, Vitality Test.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ², N. Anitha ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Palatal swellings can at times be a challenging task for a clinician to diagnose. A mass or swelling of the palate can result from developmental, inflammatory, reactive or a neoplastic process. In differential diagnosis, swellings of origin must be considered for diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews various non-neoplastic palatal swellings.

Keywords

Palatal Swelling, Palate, Begin, Non-Neoplastic.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, L. Malathi ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

By definition Dental caries is an irreversible microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth, which often leads to cavitations. The etiology of dental caries is generally agreed to be a complex problem complicated by many indirect factors that obscure the direct cause or causes. There is no universally accepted opinion for the etiology of dental caries. The oral flora and the saliva plays a very important contributing factor in dental caries. Saliva is the most valuable oral fluid is critical to the preservation and management of oral health. Saliva containing various organic and inorganic substances provides primary natural protection for teeth and soft tissues in the oral cavity assists in mastication, deglutition and digestion of food. The secretion of saliva can be affected due to various local and systemic causes. However if a patient is taking medication and has altered salivary secretion the differential diagnosis should include the possibility of an adverse drug reaction. The drugs may lead to alteration in the flow rate of saliva. Salivary dysfunction as a clinical entity has received considerable attention in recent years. This article critically reviews the dental hard tissue alterations especially dental caries that are caused due to reduced salivary secretion as a result of long term medication.

Keywords

Dental Caries, Medication, Dry Mouth, Hyposalivation.

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Gulshan Ryhanath ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, E. Rajesh ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN
2 Professor, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN
3 Reader, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Autoimmune blistering diseases are a group of disorders in which the body attacks the healthy tissue, causing blistering lesions primarily affecting the skin and mucous and membranes. The symptoms and severity of blistering diseases vary from one person to another, even among individuals with the same disorder. In some cases, blistering lesions can involve a significant portion of the skin. Although, there is no cure for autoimmune blistering diseases, they can often be controlled with treatment. In other cases, autoimmune blistering diseases if left untreated can eventually cause life-threatening complications.

Keywords

Blisters, Lesions, Diagnosis, Treatment.

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L. Malathi ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², E. Rajesh ¹, N. Anitha ¹, R. Hariharan ³

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Neuralgia is the disorder produced by change in neurological structure or function. These neuralgias produces symptoms which affect the physical as well as mental health of the patient. There are several neuralgias that occur in maxillofacial regions, they are trigeminal neurlagia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, nervous intermedius neuralgia and occipital neuralgia. Out of all these, trigeminal neuralgia is the most common cause for occurrence of or facial pain. Neuralgic pain is characterized by mostly unilateral, superficial, short, shock like pain with recurrence attacks. They also have trigger points which can arise pain on appropriate stimuli. The aim of this article is to discuss various types of neuralgias and their recent advancements in treatment.

Keywords

Neuralgia, Pain, Aneurysm.

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N. Anitha ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ², L. Malathi ¹, P. Sangeetha Priya ³, N. Aravindha Babu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Professor and Head, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
4 Professor, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Geriatrics, is a specialty that focuses on health care of elderly people. It aims to promote health by preventing and treating diseases and disabilities in older adults. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set 55 as the beginning of old age. Living a long life can be attributed to a number of factors, such as improvements in the standard of living, better sanitation, nutrition, and healthier lifestyles. This review discusses on the importance of evaluating the oral health of the geriatric population in a detailed manner, beyond simple clinical assessments to look for, understand and diagnose possible signs and symptoms or oral pathoses in the elderly.

Keywords

Geriatric Dentistry, Old Age, Aging.

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E. Rajesh ¹, N. Anitha ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ², Hariharan ³, N. Aravindha Babu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Palliative care is the care given to terminally ill patients to improve the quality of life. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world with higher annual incidence. These oral cancer patients are not only compromised on general health but also on oral health, alleviation of pain, reducing the suffering, providing relief, treatment of any other complication which occur during treatment or post treatment are taken care in palliative care. The major concerns in these patients include mucositis, xerostomia, candidiasis, pain, dysphagia, dyspnoea, depression, anxiety and nutritional deficiencies.

Keywords

Oral Cancer, Pain, Dysphagia, Dyspnoea.

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R. Hariharan ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Human whole mouth saliva (WMS) is secreted by salivary glands, namely parotid, submandibular/sublingual and other minor glands of the oral cavity. The human saliva consists of various proteins and peptides which serve as diagnostic aids in detection of various contagious and organ related diseases. Saliva can be used to detect various systemic and oral diseases. In any disease early diagnosis helps in proper treatment planning and better prognosis. Saliva has a great potential as a diagnostic fluid and offers advantage over serum and other biological fluids by an economic and non- invasive collection method for monitoring of systemic health and disease progression.This review examines the diagnostic application of saliva for systemic diseases.

Keywords

Saliva, Diagnostic Fluid, Biomarker, Systemic Disease.

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G. Nishanth ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

The cystic lesions that affect the oral and maxillofacial region are predominantly odontogenic in origin. The odontogenic cell rests entangled within tissue of the jaws such as cell rests of Malassez, cell rests of serre, and enamel organ leads to its formation. The factors leading to the enlargement of these jaw cysts are increased the permeability of cyst wall, increased the protein content of the cyst fluid, and when the intracystic fluid pressure on the jaw bone is increased. This review is an attempt to analyze and compare the components of cystic fluids such as albumin, prealbumin, globulin, and total protein content among various odontogenic cysts.

Keywords

Odontogenic Cysts, Rushton Bodies, Keratin.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

On focus with route of drug administration, the oral cavity is an attractive and the safest site for the delivery of drugs. As an advantage it can overcome acidic environment thereby causing instability of the drug, extensive first pass metabolism and low bioavailability of drug results an inadequate absorption. The buccal mucosa is rich in blood supply and relatively permeable. Buccal cavity was found to be most accessible site for both local and systemic delivery of drug. This review presents a brief description of advantages and limitations of oral mucosal drug delivery, mechanisms of drug permeation followed by current developments in this drug delivery systems.

Keywords

Drug, Buccal, Sublingual.

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A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², K. M. K. Masthan ³, N. Anitha ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research

Abstract

Suspected cases of abuse and neglect should be reported by the health and dental care providers to parents, society and law enforcement agencies. This review reports the oral and dental aspects of physical and sexual abuse and dental neglect in children and pediatric and dental care provider’s role in evaluating such conditions. Perioral and intraoral injuries which raise suspicion for child abuse or neglect are evaluated through bite marks. Multiple kinds of maltreatment have been exposed to children nowadays. Hence health and dental care professionals should be aware and educated about these concerns. Oral health problems can also be noticed in bullying and human trafficking victims. These are noticed by the dentist during physical examination or else children or young adults may reveal these facts about experiencing abuse or neglect. It is mandatory for all dental and health care professionals to know about the signs and symptoms of child abuse and neglect and in addition they should also know how to respond to those conditions.

Keywords

Oral Health, Tongue, Lips, Oral Mucosa.

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E. P. Sridevi Anjuga ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Lichen planus (OLP) is relatively common, chronic dermatologic disease that frequently affects oral mucosa besides skin, genital mucosa, scalp and nails. Oral lichenoid reaction (OLR) represent a prevalent endpoints for extrinsic agents (allergens, medicines, dental materials) modified self antigens or superantigens. In lichen planus, an immune mediated pathogenesis is acknowledged although the correct causative agent is unknown. Despite comparable clinicopathological characteristics: etiology, diagnosis and prognosis between OLP and OLR. Diagnosis of OLP is established either by clinical or by clinical and histopathologic confirmation. Histopathologic features of OLP and OLR are similar with suggestions of certain discriminatory features by some authors.The significant role played in the diagnostic process by the inclusion of the clinician and the oral pathologist. In this article, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management, malignant transformation of OLP and OLR is reviewed.

Keywords

Lichen planus, Lichenoid Reaction, Dermatologic Disease, Oral Pathologist.

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