Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

L. Malathi ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ¹, Sudha Jimson ¹, V. Hemasri ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept of Oral Pathology Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Verrucous carcinoma is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It most typically affects the mouth with buccal mucous membrane being the most typical site affected. Clinically its proliferative finger like projections or a cauliflower like growth could be a typical feature towards diagnosis. It’s more common in tobacco user and more predilection in males. The histopathological diagnosis of verrucouscarcinoma is quite difficult and need immense expertise to report a case of verrucous carcinoma. Though verrucous carcinoma is a benign lesion with minimum aggressive potential however long standing cases shows transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. Here in we discussthe clinical and histopathological finding of the case of 80 year old male patient with oral verrucous carcinoma on buccal sulcus as a differential diagnosis with possible etiology, management of the lesion.

Keywords

Verrucous Carcinoma, Buccal Mucosa, Incisional Biopsy, Cauliflower Like Growth.

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R. Hariharan ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, L. Malathi ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

During infancy and early childhood,breastfeeding is one of the most important activities.For the first six months of life,the only source of nutrition for a healthy infant is breast milk as specified in the policy statement of the AAP section. It is beneficial to both mother and the child.To infants it offers ideal nutrition, resistance to infectious diseases, enhanced immune systemsince it contains secretory immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG),reduced risk of chronic diseases and allergy,physical and developmental growth benefits.The most common infection encountered during childhood is Acute otitis media (AOM),commonly referred to as middle ear infection.In US, children aged through 0 to 4 years, the health care visits with AOM as primary diagnosis was 575 per 1000 visits in 2007. AOM begins as an upper respiratory tract infection that can lead to Eustachian tube dysfunction which can eventually result in hearing loss in children[1,3]To mother,the benefits of breast feeding include increased physiologic postpartum recovery and reduced long term risk of obesity,osteoporosis and breast and ovarian cancers[1]. As recommended by HHS Healthy people 2010 goals, one of the consequences of continued breastfeeding beyond six months is compromised dental health. However there is no valid link has been made between breastfeeding and dental cavities^[1,4].

Keywords

Breastfeeding, Nutrition, Oral Microbiome.

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N. Anitha ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, L. Malathi ¹, E. Rajesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental college and hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Pigmentation of oral mucosa occurs due to accumulation of pigments and thereby leading to colour change. Pigmented lesions of oral cavity can be physiologic or pathologic. The pigments causing discolouration can be either from external sources (exogenous) or internal sources(endogenous). Certain drugs can also cause pigmentation of the oral mucosa. Benign and malignant tumours of melanocytic origin can also be pigmented in nature. Endocrine diseases (adrenal) can also cause pigmentation. Diagnosing pigmented lesions requires thorough knowledge of various causes and proper diagnosis is important for planning the treatment.

Keywords

Pigmentation, Pigments, Melanocytes.

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L. Malathi ¹, N. Anitha ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept of Oral Pathology Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

People use mouth rinses as a part of their oral hygiene in their day to day life. Although rinses impart some benefits to users, improper use of mouth rinses may result in various side effects1. Usually mouthwashes are antiseptic solutions intended to reduce the microbial load in the oral cavity, although other mouthwashes might be given for other reasons such as for their analgesic, anti- inflammatory or anti-fungal action.

Keywords

Mouth Wash, Oral Hygiene, Anti Septic, Allergic Reaction.

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G. Nishanth ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, N. Anitha ¹, L. Malathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education (BIHER) Chennai, IN

Abstract

Periodontal abscess is the third most frequent dental emergency, representing 7–14% of all the dental emergencies.. Numerous aetiologies have been implicated. The diagnosis is done by the analysis of the signs and symptoms and by the usage of supplemental diagnostic aids. The treatment of the periodontal abscess has been a challenge for many decades. In the past, the periodontal abscess in periodontal diseased teeth was the main reason for tooth extraction. Today, three therapeutic approaches are being discussed in dentistry, that include, drainage and debridement, systemic antibiotics and periodontal surgical procedures which are applied in the chronic phase of the disease.The localization of the acute periodontal abscess and the possibility of obtaining drainage are essential considerations for successful treatment.The aim of this review is to give a clear idea about periodontal abscess and its management.

Dento alveolar abscess is the third most frequent dental crisis, representing to 7–14% of all the dental crises.. Various aetiologies have been involved. The diagnosis is done by the examination of the signs and manifestations and by the utilization of supplemental diagnostic guides. The treatmen has been a challenge for a long time. Before, this in periodontal diseased teeth was the fundamental purpose behind tooth extraction. Today, three remedial methodologies are being examined in dentistry, that incorporate, drainage and debridement, systemic antibiotics and periodontal surgeries which are applied in the incessant period of the disease.The restriction of the acute dentoalveolar abscess and the plausibility of acquiring drainage are basic contemplations for effective treatment.The point of this review is to give a reasonable thought regarding periodontal abscess and its management.

Keywords

Abscess, Dental Emergencies, Periodontitis, Vitality Test.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, L. Malathi ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

By definition Dental caries is an irreversible microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth, which often leads to cavitations. The etiology of dental caries is generally agreed to be a complex problem complicated by many indirect factors that obscure the direct cause or causes. There is no universally accepted opinion for the etiology of dental caries. The oral flora and the saliva plays a very important contributing factor in dental caries. Saliva is the most valuable oral fluid is critical to the preservation and management of oral health. Saliva containing various organic and inorganic substances provides primary natural protection for teeth and soft tissues in the oral cavity assists in mastication, deglutition and digestion of food. The secretion of saliva can be affected due to various local and systemic causes. However if a patient is taking medication and has altered salivary secretion the differential diagnosis should include the possibility of an adverse drug reaction. The drugs may lead to alteration in the flow rate of saliva. Salivary dysfunction as a clinical entity has received considerable attention in recent years. This article critically reviews the dental hard tissue alterations especially dental caries that are caused due to reduced salivary secretion as a result of long term medication.

Keywords

Dental Caries, Medication, Dry Mouth, Hyposalivation.

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L. Malathi ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², E. Rajesh ¹, N. Anitha ¹, R. Hariharan ³

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Neuralgia is the disorder produced by change in neurological structure or function. These neuralgias produces symptoms which affect the physical as well as mental health of the patient. There are several neuralgias that occur in maxillofacial regions, they are trigeminal neurlagia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, nervous intermedius neuralgia and occipital neuralgia. Out of all these, trigeminal neuralgia is the most common cause for occurrence of or facial pain. Neuralgic pain is characterized by mostly unilateral, superficial, short, shock like pain with recurrence attacks. They also have trigger points which can arise pain on appropriate stimuli. The aim of this article is to discuss various types of neuralgias and their recent advancements in treatment.

Keywords

Neuralgia, Pain, Aneurysm.

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N. Anitha ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ², L. Malathi ¹, P. Sangeetha Priya ³, N. Aravindha Babu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Professor and Head, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
4 Professor, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Geriatrics, is a specialty that focuses on health care of elderly people. It aims to promote health by preventing and treating diseases and disabilities in older adults. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set 55 as the beginning of old age. Living a long life can be attributed to a number of factors, such as improvements in the standard of living, better sanitation, nutrition, and healthier lifestyles. This review discusses on the importance of evaluating the oral health of the geriatric population in a detailed manner, beyond simple clinical assessments to look for, understand and diagnose possible signs and symptoms or oral pathoses in the elderly.

Keywords

Geriatric Dentistry, Old Age, Aging.

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S. Satheesh Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ², L. Malathi ², N. Aravindha Babu ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Ariyur, Puduchery, IN
2 Reader, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Dept, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Xerostomia is the subjective feeling of dryness of mouth which is often associated with hypofunction of the salivary gland. Xerostomia can also have a major impact on a patient’s oral health and quality of life. Patients with xerostomia complaints of problems with mastication, phonetics, deglutition and wearing dentures. Treatment of this condition always depends on the cause. Oral physicians should be able to diagnose this condition and able to give proper treatment to provide comfort to their patients. This article reviews the causes of xerostomia and its management.

Keywords

Drymouth, Saliva, Salivary Flow, Xerostomia.

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L. Malathi ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², P. Sangeetha Priya ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

The initial dissection and preparation of any specimen for histological or microscopic analysis involves more than simply the transcribed macroscopic description and sampling of the specimen. Grossing is a gross examination of surgical specimens in which pathologists inspect the excised specimen with the bare eye to obtain diagnostic information. Grossing of surgical pathology specimens isthe first and an important step in tissue processing, leading to diagnosis. It forms a connecting link between the patient and the pathologist. A correct grossing procedure helps in minimizing the processing errors while at the same time providing useful information about the specimen helping in the achievement of correct diagnosis. The purpose of this short review is to provide adequate insight about the grossing procedure of the pathologic specimens of the head and neck region and to emphasize the importance of grossing in diagnostic oral pathology and provide guidelines to carry out the procedure in a sequential order.

Keywords

Grossing, Fixative, Specimen, Diagnosis.

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N. Aravindha Babu ¹, Sudakshina Mukherjee ², L. Malathi ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Physiotherapy can be the alternative line of treatment for orofacial pain. It can be considered and well tolerated by the patients since it is painless, but by now also the concept is quite unclear to many so implementation in dental practice is far fetched. So dental professionals should be aware of the positive benefits regarding this line of treatment and try to incorporate in the challenging cases of various orofacial pain.

Keywords

Physiotherapy, Orofacial Pain, Dentists.

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E. P. Sridevi Anjuga ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², L. Malathi ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Domestic violence or intimate partner violence as it sometimes called is a world wide problem. Women are much more likely to be injured by a family members or by someone knownto them. Domestic violence is a wide spread problem, its actual extent is difficult. Domestic violence refers to violence against women not only in homes but also in work place. In recent survey it shows that 27% of women have experienced domestic violence since the age of 15 in India. The violence tends to escalate often the first to detect the domestic violence victim since usual site of injuries are in head and neck region. The dentists can play a vital role in preventing violence against women and children by helping and providing necessary treatment and care.

Keywords

Domestic Violence, Injury, Women, Dentist.

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