Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Gunjeet Singh ¹, ShashankShekhar Gautam ², Anshu Gupta ³, Pankaj Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, MMDU, Mullana, IN
2 Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, MMDU, Mullana, IN
3 Professor, Department of Pharmacology, MMIMSR, MMDU, Mullana, IN

Abstract

The skin is one of the largest organs in the human body. Majority of skin diseases requires lifelong treatments since they are chronic in nature. Thereby, appropriate diagnosis by the physicians and rational prescription of drugs becomes a vital component of drug therapy. ADR monitoring is considered to be mandatory as they become severe and potentially life-threatening. Primarily, in off-label setting, patients are treated with drugs which are not registered for that specific indication. Dermatologists have been at the forefront of the application of azathioprine and have thus been using the immunosuppressant for treating patients over several years.

Keywords

Azathioprine, off-label, adverse drug reaction

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Pankaj Saini ¹, Varsha A. Singh ², Kunal Sharma ³, Gunjeet Singh ³, Abhishek Chauhan ⁴, Shailja Sharma ⁵

Affiliations
1 Junior Resident, Department of Microbiology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Junior Resident, Department of Pharmacology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
4 Junior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
5 General Physician, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) has been identified in human pulmonary and extra pulmonary diseases and is of great concern for clinicians and microbiologists because of their increasing global incidence. They are now increasingly recognized as important pathogens in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent population. They should be identified rapidly and should be carefully differentiated as contamination, colonization ordisease. Cultures were made on conventional LJ and LJ with PNB media. Growth was confirmed as AFB (acid fast bacilli) by ZN staining. NTM were identified by growth on LJ with PNB media, colony morphology, rate of growth, pigmentation, catalase activity and confirmed by MPT 64 antigen rapid test (using SD Bioline TB Ag MPT 64 test kit) . Data was analysed statistically using SPSS software. Out of total 500 processed samples (250 pulmonary & 250 extrapulmonary), 12(21.05%) and 7(21.8%) NTM were isolated from pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples respectively. Maximum pulmonary NTM (41.7%) were isolated from > 60 years age of patients in contrast to extrapulmonary NTM isolates which were more in 20-40 years of age group. There was 16.7% previously treated patients in pulmonary while 100% were newly diagnosed patients in extrapulmonary TB cases. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and differentiation among Mycobacterium tuberculosisand NTM so that these NTM are not underestimated in routine diagnostic procedures merely as environmental or laboratory contaminants.

Keywords

Non-tuberculous mycobacterium, p-nitrobenzoic acid, Pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary TB, MPT64 antigen.

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Gunjeet Singh ¹, Sanjeev Gupta ², Rani Walia ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Dept. of Pharmacology, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Professor & Head, Dept. of Dermatology, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Professor & Head, Dept. of Pharmacology, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Skin diseases seriously impact the quality of life of an individual. It affects all age groups and its chronic nature disturbs the financial status of the sufferer and family. Periodic audit of prescription in the form of drug utilisation study is a way to improve the quality of prescription and reduces the irrational prescribing and use of drugs. The present study was done to assess the drug prescribing patterns in dermatology outpatient department.

Keywords

Drug utilisation, Dermatology, Irrational

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Shashank Shekhar Gautam ¹, Gunjeet Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Senior Resident, Dept. of Pharmacology MMIMSR, MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, IN
2 Post Graduate Junior Resident, Dept. of Pharmacology MMIMSR, MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, IN

Abstract

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition with unknown aetiology. Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain and several additional symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, depressive episodes and anxiety. The underlying pathophysiology of fibromyalgia is still poorly understood and treatment is often unsatisfactory. Current treatments include drugs that target serotonin and noradrenaline levels within the central nervous system, e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors and voltage-gated calcium channel subunit ligands, e.g., gabapentin and pregabalin. Investigation of a range of novel targets, such as melatoninergic, cannabinoid, dopamine, NMDA, angiotensin, orexin and opioid receptors and ion channels, in addition revisiting bioamine modulation and subunits has provided efficacy outcomes that improve the health status of patients with FM. Nevertheless, modest and limited efficacy is often observed reflecting the heterogeneity of FM with existence of subpopulations of patients, the contribution of peripheral and central components to the pathophysiology and the extensive range of accompanying co-morbidities. The complexity and multidimensional nature of FM is emphasized by the diversity of pharmacological targets gaining interest. Clues to underlying mechanisms which offer themselves as novel and potential targets for new medications are being provided by advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of FM.

Keywords

Fibromyalgia, chronic pain,fatigue, NMDA receptors, melatonin receptors, gabapentanoids.

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