Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd <div id="i-scholarabout">Indian Journal of Public Health Research &amp; Development is a double blind peer reviewed international Journal. The frequency is half yearly. It deals with all aspects of Public Health including Community Medicine, Public Health, Epidemiology, Occupational Health, Environmental Hazards, Clinical Research, and Public Health Laws and covers all medical specialties concerned with research and development for the masses. The journal strongly encourages reports of research carried out within Indian continent and south East Asia. The journal has been assigned international standards (ISSN) serial number and is indexed with Index Copernicus (Poland). It is also brought to notice that the journal is being covered by many international databases.</div> en-US rksharma1@gmail.com (Dr. R.K. Sharma) rksharma1@gmail.com (Dr. R.K. Sharma) Fri, 03 Jul 2020 17:37:35 +0000 OJS 2.4.2.0 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Stress in Families of Children with Disabilities https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194741 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The institution of family is considered essential for the existence of society. Family serves as a shock absorber in times of crisis and stress. Having a child with disability in a family is not the same as having a child without a disability. This study intends to portray the characteristics of families with children with mental retardation. The various forms of stress experienced by these families and their expectations, experiences and limitation are described during the course of the study.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Parents of Mentally Retarded children from 7 special schools for children with disabilities in the urban limits of Trichy District were chosen for the study. Family Interview for Stress and Coping in Disabilities (FISC-MR) was the tool used for the study.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Fathers reported more stress related to their child’s temperament and their relationship to their child. Mothers reported more stress from the personal consequences of parenting. Fathers were more sensitive to the effects of the family environment whereas mothers were more affected by their personal support networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The delicate balance of family relationships can be strengthened or broken by the impact of stress felt by the parents of these special children.</p> Sheila Christopher, L. Cresenta Shakila, R. Leema Suganya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194741 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Physical Activity Measurement Using Accelerometer in Phase-I Cardiac Rehabilitation https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194742 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is important in improving cardiovascular fitness. Estimating physical activity (PA) levels and Energy Expenditure(EE) in Phase-I CR using Accelerometer can help in understanding cardiovascular fitness better.</p><p><strong>Method and Materials:</strong> PA of 16 participants post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) in Phase-I CR was measured using Actigraph accelerometer. Metabolic Equivalents (METs) and average of daily EE(in Kcals) and steps taken were calculated. Correlation of the Six minute walk distance (6MWD) on the day of discharge and PA levels measured by Actigraphaccelerometer was done.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> PA energy expenditure averaged 283.71 Kcals/3days, step counts/day 4861.50, METs 5.79 and the EE in light and moderate intensity activities were 1.01 Kcals and 5.72 Kcals respectively. The time spent in these activities were 62.25 minutes in light intensity and 2 minutes in moderate intensity activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> PA measured by Actigraph accelerometer was of low to moderate levels in Phase-I CR. There was a weak correlation between PA levels measured by Actigraph accelerometer and 6MWD achieved at the time of discharge.</p> Shilpa Gupta, Arun G. Maiya, Kalyana Chakravarthy, Stephen Rajan Samuel https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194742 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study to Assess the Effect of Childbirth Education on Intrapartum Coping behaviours of Primiparous Women in a Selected Maternity Center of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Pune https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194743 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Child birth is a normal physiological process, yet gaining confidence by enhancing knowledge about childbirth can be considered an important factor influencing a parturient’s birthing experience.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A prospective quasi-experimental study conducted on 60 registered primigravidae attending the ANC OPD of a hospital at Pune. 30 included in the intervention group, received 3 sessions of CBE. The effect of this measured intranatally by a self-developed Intrapartum Behavioural Observation Checklist. The coping behaviours of the intervention group measured and compared against 30 primigravidae women who received conventional antenatal education.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Primigravidae were poorly informed about childbirth preparedness and not prepared for the experience of childbirth. Majority had no concept regarding the severity of pain, duration of labour and coping measures stress of labour.</p><p>Significant reduction in episiotomy rates, use of analgesics and improvement in coping behaviours found among the experimental group. Hence the research hypothesis was accepted, level of significance = 0.001.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong> Gaps identified in the knowledge and practice of childbirth preparedness among primigravidae in urban Pune. Also analyzed the positive effects of childbirth education on intrapartum coping behaviours of primiparous women. Episiotomy rates and use of intrapartum analgesics were less in the Intervention group. Intrapartum behavioural compliance and exhibition of positive self-care, intra partum coping behaviours were also significantly high.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of this study indicate that the short term; need based childbirth educational intervention demonstrated a highly significant impact on the intrapartum coping behaviours of primiparous women.</p> Shobha Naidu, Deepak Sethi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194743 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Physicochemical Characteristics, Heavy Metal Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Jamun Honey (<i>Syzygium cumini</i> L.) from Western Ghats, India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194744 <strong>Context:</strong> This study is aimed to analyse heavy metal content and antioxidant potential of three types of Jamun honey samples from Western Ghats of India. Ash, pH, and colour intensity were anlyased. Heavy metal analysis for Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and Mercury (Hg) were carried out using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Total polyphenol (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant assays such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were performed. Comparative studies of Jamun honeys revealed strong correlation between TPC and TFC as significant radical scavenging activities. Colour values represented strong correlation with TPC and TFC at (r= 0.9) and FRAP at (r= 0.8) whereas a negative correlation with IC 50 values of DPPH at (r= -0.6) was observed. Shruti S. Kulkarni, Sadanand B. Patil, Sanjay Mishra, Avinash A. K. Math, Satyen K. Panda, K. Lakshmi Rao https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194744 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Short Term Effect of Isolytic Contraction on Hamstring Flexibility in Asymptomatic Subjects with Hamstring Tightness:A Randomised Controlled Trial https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194745 <p><strong>Aim:</strong> To Study short term effect of Isolytic contraction on Hamstring flexibility in asymptomatic subjects with hamstring tightness with respect to active knee extension test, Straight Leg Raise test and Lumbar Lordosis Index.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The Objectives of the study are as follows:(1) To find effect of Isolytic contraction on hamstring flexibility. (2) To find effect of Isolytic contraction on static and dynamic hamstring flexibility.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This study was conducted for the duration of 6 months. 300 subjects of age 20 to 40 years were screened out of which 276 subjects were selected for the study depending on the inclusive and exclusive criteria. Asymptomatic subjects with AKT &lt;20 degree in the age group of 20 to 40 years were included in the study. These subjects were then divided into 2 groups Pre-treatment assessment and Post-treatment assessment were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Statistically significant differences in the AKT, SLR, and LI were seen between the two groups. AKT (Right) It indicated that it was extremely significant (p&lt;0.0001) and (p = 0.0079) in the interventional group subjects. AKT (Left) It indicated that it was extremely significant (p &lt; 0.0001) and (p = 0.6384) in the interventional group subjects. SLR (Right) It indicated that it was extremely significant (p&lt;0.0001) and (p = 0.1199) in the interventional group subjects. SLR (Right) It indicated that it was extremely significant (p &lt; 0.0001) and (p = 0.2819) in the interventional group subjects. Intra group analysis of these values within the group was done using Wilcoxon test and the Inter group analysis between the groups was done by Mann- Whitney test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study results concluded that there was a significant result using isolytic contraction on hamstring flexibility in asymptomatic subjects having hamstring tightness with respect to Active knee extension test, Straight leg raise test and Lumbar lordosis index.</p> Shubham Kamble, Radhika Chintamani, Vaishali Jagtap https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194745 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Analysis and Comparison of Salivary L-Fucose and HSP 70 in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194746 <p>The aim of this study was to assess the level of salivary L-Fucose and Heat Shock Protein 70 in subjects in subjects with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer.\</p><p><strong>Method &amp; Results:</strong> The study was done among 90 subjects - 30 healthy subjects, 30 subjects with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and 30 subjects with Oral Cancer. Saliva samples were collected and the levels of L-Fucose and HSP-70 were determined. Data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA test for the comparison between the groups. Post hoc tukey`s analysis was used for comparing the study groups to the control group.The levels of L-Fucose and HSP-70 in saliva were increased significantly in subjects with Oral potentially malignant disorders and Oral Cancer in comparison to the healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Elevated levels of HSP 70 and L-fucose in saliva in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer indicate their usefulness as biomarkers for early prediction.</p> Supriya Bhat, Gogineni Subhas Babu, Suchetha Kumari N., K. Saidath, Medhini Madi, Sajad Buch, Harshini Ullal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194746 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Knowledge Attitude and Practices of Biomedical Waste Management among Dental Practioners in Karad City Maharashtra, India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194747 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Biomedical waste is generated routinely in high amounts in the dental office, the correct disposal of which bears importance to the dentist, staff and healthcare workers. This is the first of its kind study in the city of Karad which will provide an important insight into the proper method and knowledge of disposal of health care waste by the dental practitioners. The application of this study will be in accessing the legal necessity and social responsibility of the healthcare personnel’s in the effective management of biomedical waste.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> The study population included 100 private practitioners in Karad City, Maharashtra. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dental waste management. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the results.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> of 100 study participants, 73 (73%) were males and 27 (27%) were females. The maximum number of participants belonged to the age group of 34-38 years (29%). Undergraduate qualification was more (80%) and 43% participants had an experience of 0-5 years. Chi-square analysis showed a highly significant association between participant who attended continuing dental education (CDE) program and their practice ofdental waste management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Lack of knowledge and professional training in disposal of biomedical waste becomes a direct threat to the humans as well as the environment. CDE programs would help bring about a change in the management of healthcare waste.</p> Surabhi Mahajan, Shiva Kumar K. M., Vidya Kadashetti https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194747 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gynaecological Manifestations of Systemic Malignancies https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194748 <p><strong>Context:</strong> Round cell tumours and haematolymphoid malignancies presenting with gynaecological symptoms are not infrequent. Often, those are a component of a symptom complex which has a clue towards the aetiology. Round cell tumours or haematolymphoid malignancies presenting solely as structural lesions of the female genital tract are really uncommon. A series of 10 such cases are depicted here.</p><p><strong>Aims:</strong></p><p><strong></strong>1. To study the epidemiological pattern among these patients</p><p>2. To assess the prognosis of such cases.</p><p><strong>Settings and Design:</strong> Single institutional observational study.</p><p><strong>Method and Material:</strong> Cases were selected from the case record files and data collected. CT scan of (Thorax + Abdomen + Pelvis)was done in all cases. The diagnosis was established by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in each case.</p><p><strong>Statistical Analysis Used:</strong> Descriptive statistics used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Median age of presentation was 25 years. Median duration of symptoms was 3 months, most commonly pain abdomen. Fallopian tubes and ovaries were involved in 90% cases, with pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 80% cases. Majority of the underlying malignancies were haematolymphoid malignancies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Clue to suspicion of underlying round cell tumours or haematolymphoid malignancies are younger age, mass lesion of uterus and adnexa, regional lymphadenopathy and absence of ascites. Earlydiagnosis is necessary since the above group of diseases represent curable malignancies even at advanced stages so we need to treat before their performance score deteriorates.</p> Swarnabindu Banerjee, Barnini Ghosh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194748 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Substance Abuse and its Impact on Health among Higher Secondary Students among Atulya Healthcare Pune https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194749 <strong>Context:</strong> Healthcare professionals are crucial in the identification and accessibility to treatment for people with substance abuse. The objective of the study was to assess students’ knowledge towards substance use disorders and examine the consequences of these on health. Substance abuse is a social problem, not in India alone, but the entire world. The use of drugs has its own culture and history, which varies from country to country. The problem of substance abuse is growing at an explosive rate and in just little over a decade it has spread its malevolent tentacles to almost every part of the globe surmounting almost all barriers of race, caste, creed, religion, sex educational status, economic strata etc.As the first experience of substance abuse often starts in adolescence, and studies have shown that drug use is mainly related to cigarette and alcohol consumption, an initial exploration of substance abuse prevalence, including cigarette and alcohol, seems to be the first step in preventing and controlling drug consumption. Tejashri Ligade, Sagar Kulkarni, Aejaz Ahmad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194749 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Selective Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Pelvic Mal-Alignment in Acute Post-Stroke Hemiparesis:A Case Report https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194750 <strong>Context:</strong> Stroke is one of the common upper motor neurological disorders with the overall worldwide prevalence of 3% . Majority of post-stroke individuals develop abnormal pelvic muscles function and pelvic tilt which can affect the trunk and lower limb functions. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation less commonly used to treat the acute stroke population. Thus, we conducted this case study to evaluate the clinical usefulness of selective PNF on the pelvic pattern in two subjects with acute post-stroke hemiparesis. Both cases were treated with routine and selective PNF techniques such as rhythmic initiation, the dynamic and stabilizing reversal in anterior elevation and posterior depression pattern for 30 minutes, daily for 4 consecutive weeks. Trunk impairment scale and PALM device were used to assess the trunk balance and pelvic tilt respectively before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Both cases were improved with a clinically meaningful difference. Therefore we also precede this treatment protocol in our randomized clinical trial further. Thangarasa Ponvel, Sukumar Shanmugam https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194750 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Original Article Effect of Scapular Position:Motion Maintenance Exercise Programme During Post Traumatic Shoulder Immobilization https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194751 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The scapula plays a key role in nearly every aspect of normal shoulder function. Alteration in scapular position and motion is found in association with most shoulder injuries. This alteration is term as scapular dyskinesis. Prevalence of scapular dyskinesis is about 67 to 100%. But many literature focus on treatment after occurrence but very few aim at prevention during immobilization phase.This made indeed to study the effect of scapular position-motion maintenance programme during shoulder immobilization phase.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the effect of scapular position-motion maintenance exercise programme during post traumatic shoulder immobilization phase, To compare the effect of scapular position -motion maintenance exercise programme and conventional physiotherapy during post traumatic shoulder immobilization phase.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A Total of 40 subjects were selected aged between 20 to 50 years. They were divided into two groups. Group A (experimental) and group B (conventional). Both groups received treatment for 6 weeks for a duration of 30 minutes. The outcome measure used were VAS, Posture assessment, pectoralis minor muscle length, Linnies test and scapular assistance test.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The study concludes that experimental group (scapular position-motion programme) proved more efficacious in reducing risk of scapular dyskinesisin patients with humerus fracture during immobilization phase as compared with conventional treatment.</p> Trusha Shambhubhai Goti, Sandeep Babasaheb Shinde https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194751 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hand Hygiene Practices and Training Gap in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Coastal Karnataka India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194753 Background: Non-adherence to hand hygiene practices is a well-known factor contributing to healthcareassociated infections in any healthcare setting. Mere knowledge of such practices doesn’t guarantee the compliance to the practices by healthcare personnel. In this study we explored the quantum of adherence to handhygiene practices, the opportunity missed, the steps and the duration to be followed for hand hygiene practices and the training gap among the healthcare providers. Methodology: A six-month cross-sectional study using a mixed-method approach of observations, interview and feedback mechanism is used to find the effectiveness of hand hygiene practices and any training gap to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Observations for two thousand opportunities for hand washing and written interview of 40 healthcare workers is carried out on hand hygiene practices at a neonatal intensive care unit of coastal Karnataka, India. Results: The hand hygiene practices were as low as 0% observed while performing an non-invasive activity like clearing an alarm at the bedside. There is a gap found in the duration of hand-washing practices, hand hygiene before and after any care activity is performed on the neonate. This gap resulted in the spread of healthcare-associated infections. Conclusion: During the infections control training emphasis should also be given on the opportunities and hands on practices of hand hygiene. Usha Rani, Kiran Chawla, Leslie E. Lewis, Indira Bairy, Vasudeva Guddattu, Jayashree Purkayastha, Christy Thomas Varghese https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194753 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Protocol on Care of Newborn in Phototherapy on Knowledge and Practice among Nurses at Selected Hospitals in South India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194754 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The present study assess the Effectiveness of Protocol on Care of Newborn in Phototherapy on Knowledge and Practice among Nurses at Selected Hospitals in South India</p><p><strong>Method and Material:</strong> A pr-experimental one group pre and post test study design was used to collect all the necessary and relevant data from nurses. The study was conducted in the maternity ward and phototherapy unit of two hospitals. Based on inclusion criteria 50 nurses were selected and non probability convenient sampling techniques were used.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In pre test level of knowledge of nurses regarding care of newborn in phototherapy, 17 (34%) had inadequate knowledge, 19 (38%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 14 (28%) had adequate knowledge. In post test majority of 44(88%) had adequate knowledge, 6 (12%) had moderately adequate knowledge and no one had inadequate knowledge. The improved mean value for knowledge was 10.43 with “t” value of 13.47 and improved mean value for practice was 6.78 with “t” value of 17.26. This results shows the high statistical significance at p&lt;0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concludes that there was a significantly improvement of knowledge and practicable in post test after administration of protocol. Thus protocol was observed to an effective tool to improve the knowledge and practice on care of newborn in phototherapy and it may be useful to implement future reference.</p> V. Santhi, S. Nalini, Lisy Joseph https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194754 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Health Coverage Across the Globe:A Contemporary Scenario https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194755 <strong>Context:</strong> Health was declared as fundamental human right by WHO constitution of 1948. The major key role playing factor in HAQ rankings is the universal health care programme and health schemes which are initiated and ran by the government. Health care provision is incredibly complex and many nations around the world spend considerable resources trying to provide it. Developed countries have their own insurance scheme which benefits its population and meets their health care needs. No uniform one-size-fits- all operational model exists when it comes to the successful implementation of a scheme. For instance, multinational insurers who are successful in one country have met failure in other countries. Developing country like India must try to improve their health care system by following certain initiatives incorporated by other countries. Low income countries like Africa and Nepal need to take extra measure to improve health insurance program and to provide quality care to their people. It is evident that there are an enormous number of ways that health care insurance programs vary around the world. There is a need to identify the characteristics of the most effective systems and the most equitable ones which could serve as a framework by all countries. Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Hanitha Rajasekar, Neha Taneja https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194755 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Unmet Need of Objective Monitor to Evaluate Performance Status in Lung Cancer Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194756 <strong>Context:</strong> Quality of life (QOL) of lung cancer patients can be improved by using modern technical tools. There is a necessity to develop a system which incorporates all the functions to evaluate severity of the disease and critical condition of the patients. There exists a need of an objective monitor for monitoring performance of lung cancer patients with parameters of HRV, SPO<sub>2</sub> and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). A questionnaire-based survey was carried out in cancer physicians, surgeons and radiotherapists. Total 100 clinicians participated in this questionnaire, 35 medical oncologists, 35 oncosurgeons and 40 radiation oncologists. The analysis of this survey showed that presently ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) scale was preferred to KPS (Karnofsky Performance Status) scale (70% versus 30%) because of simplicity to remember. The popular parameters preferred among clinicians were SPO<sub>2</sub> (45%), 2D Echocardiography (30%), chest X-ray (42%). But for HRV test, all the clinicians (100%) rejected the availability of test facilities. SPO<sub>2</sub> and PEFR were also rated as mobile tools for assessing the performance. ECOG Scale was easier to utilize than KPS for understanding the performance Status in cancer patients. It is suggested that HRV, SPO<sub>2</sub> and PEFR could be an added value to improve the QOL in cancer patients. Reema Shyamsunder Shukla, Yogender Aggarwal, Yogender Aggarwal, Shreeniwas Sheelawant Raut, Shreeniwas Sheelawant Raut, Rakesh Kumar Sinha, Rakesh Kumar Sinha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194756 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Treatment Seeking Behaviour among TB Patients Registered Under RNTCP in District Bareilly https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194757 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and ranks the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. India is the highest TB burden country accounting for more than one fifth of the global burden of tuberculosis. The objectives were (1) To assess the treatment seeking behaviour of TB patients registered under RNTCP in a select district and (2) to determine the default rate in patients having history of treatment interruptions.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted among the TB patients registered during 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2016 under RNTCP for DOTS in Bareilly. Purposive sampling was carried out, 10 DMCs were selected in district Bareilly of which a total of 2010 TB patients were interviewed.</p><p><strong>Results and Conclusions:</strong> In the present study majority of the patients were in the age group of 20-39 years (35.0%), male (55.7%) and were sputum positive (69.5%) Cases with a history of treatment interruption had a very high default rate of 23.3% while cases that didn’t interrupt their treatment had a low default rate of 3.93%. This association was found to be statistically significant. People who had a positive history for treatment interruption had seven times more risk of becoming a defaulter.</p> Ratnesh , Hemalatha Umashankar, D. Sudeepa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194757 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Invitro Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Cemented to Natural Teeth Treated with Various Soft Drinks https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194758 Introduction: The common problem during the orthodontic treatment is debonding of brackets which leads to failure of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of four soft drinks (Coca-Cola, 7Up, Tropicana orange, minute maid apple juice) on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets cemented to natural teeth treated with various soft drinks Materials and Method: A total of 50 extracted human premolars were collected and stored in normal saline solution. They were cleaned and cemented with edge wise stainless steel brackets using composite. Then they were cycled in the said four soft drinks for 2 hours up to 7 days. The samples were tested for their shear bond strength using Universal testing machine (INSTRON) with a cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. The values were tabulated and analyzed statistically using ANOVA. Results: The lowest mean resistance to shearing forces was shown by the control group (18.74 ± 5.15 Mpa) followed by 7Up group (20.17 ± 6.76 Mpa), orange juice group (21.79 ± 5.15 Mpa), Coca Cola group (24.58 ± 11.68 Mpa) and highest resistance to shearing forces by apple juice group (26.04 ± 1.31 Mpa). There was no statistically significant difference among the groups. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in bond strength of the teeth among the different groups suggesting that consumption of soft drinks after cementation of orthodontic brackets do not significantly affect in de-bonding the brackets. Ravi Gupta, Arun Prakash C., Amith A. Singh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194758 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Understanding the Basics of Research as a Beginner:A Highlighter https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194759 <strong>Context:</strong> Research has grown beyond leaps and bounds; scientific progress solely depends on inquisitiveness and tireless coordination of teamwork. The word research is so attractive for a beginner, the student fraternity is overwhelmed about this process. Irrespective of any field, now the research is becoming an indispensable part of the educational system. This article is intended to create basic awareness about research and its components, especially for the research-oriented students in the field of medical, paramedical, allied health sciences, etc. Ravi Shankar M. V., Vidya C. S. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194759 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Food Insecurity Standard of Living and Nutritional Status of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) on ART:Rural-Urban Differences https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194760 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Synergistic effect of malnutrition, food insecurity and poor standard of living pour significant changes and poor outcome in already compromised PLHAs due to increased financial burden as well as emotional breakdown. <strong>Objective:</strong> To assess the nutritional status , food insecurity and standard of living (SLI) with rural urban differences and their association if anyamong the PLHAs who have been stablished with one year of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> A facility based cross-sectional study on PLHAs was carried out in tertiary care centre of western Maharashtra with a sample size of 246. Data was collected by means of pretested semi structured questionnaire after taking Institutional clearance. Strict confidentiality was maintained throughout the study.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the study participants was 43.37 years with majority (50.9% rural, 39% Urban) were secondary class educated. Only 20% of urban and 8.5% of rural had income above 10,000 per month. Maximum (48.2 %) of rural were doing heavy works (construction/agricultural) while majority of urban were unemployed (30.5%) followed by business (21%) work. 36.9% (Rural) and 28.6 % (Urban) had spouse positive for HIV status. Even after one year of treatment, only 36.9% rural and 41% urban PLHAs were having CD4 count above 500. 49.6% (Rural) and 46.7% (Urban) were food insecure while 27.7% (Rural) and 14.3% (Urban) had low standard of living. 36.2% (Rural) and 30.5% (Urban) were undernutrition with 51.8% (Rural) and 54.3% (Urban) having abnormal waist circumference. BMI Category had statistically significant association with SLI and food insecurity in urban participants while it was not statistically associated with rural participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Inspite of freely delivered ART for one year and majority having good adherence rate, there were actionable changes in nutritional changes among PLHAs of both rural and urban areas. Neglected factors like food insecurity and standard of living needs to given special focus to affectively crub the high incidence of undernutrition among them. Immediate long term measures need to be taken to provide them adequate food and basic amenities of life with secure Job status.</p> Ravishekar N. Hiremath, Shailaja S. Patil, D. B. Kadam3 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194760 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Reading Skill of Deaf Students from Ludhiana Punjab https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194761 <strong>Context:</strong> Learning to read is a complex cognitive perspective, it’s a child ability to decode, analyze and construct linguistic meaning from a the written print; reading include identification of alphabets, bond of spellings and assessing them in memory i.e. word reading, phonic awareness and knowledge of alphabets are the base of learning to read[15];Total 60 students were enrolled in the study, 30 deaf and 30 age-matched hearing, all the students were from age group of 8.5 to 11.5 years (50% male and 50% female in each group); extensive eye examination was performed prior to the study, all the participants were free from Ocular and systemic pathology. Two different tests were performed for reading skill; Reading comprehension was evaluated with ADR I Net Dynamic reader, and English reading tool was used, the tool was developed and used by Pratham-ASER Centre to evaluate reading speed; both the test showed statistically significant difference; (P-Value of &lt;0.001) were deaf students had scored less marks in reading comprehension test and they were slow in reading speed also; deaf were taking more time to read in comparison of hearing students (P-Value of &lt;0.001). Renu Thakur, Sangeeta Pant, Jaikishan Jaya Kumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194761 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Twin Inside a Twin/Fetus–in-Fetu–Review Article https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194762 <strong>Context:</strong> The case was described in a British medial journal in 1808 and is thought to occur in about one in every 500,000 births1. In recent years, similar births have occurred in India, Indonesia and in Singapore3. It is the process in which baby carries a twin inside them is called fetus in fetu.This is a rare condition characterized by abnormal embryogenesis in a diamniotic, monochorionic pregnancy4. Covering is made up of a fibrous membrane that contains some fluids (equivalent to the amniotic fluid) and a fetus attached by a cord or pedicle. In the uterus, the growth of an FIF initially similar to its twin, but stops suddenly because of either the vascular dominance of the host twin or any defect in the parasitic twin [2]. Parasitic twin mostly seen anencephalic, but in almost all cases its vertebral column and limbs are present (91% and 82.5%, respectively). Ritu Yadav, Poonam Ahlawat, Poonam Ahlawat https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194762 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique Over Sleep Disturbances and Quality of Life in Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194763 Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the immune system affecting the synovial tissue of the joint, tendon sheath and bursae. The symptoms are joint pain, stiffness, joint swelling, deformity, functional disability and sleep disturbance. Rheumatoid arthritis is three times more frequent in women than men. There are various study done on Rheumatoid arthritis on their pain management and reducing deformity but there is lack of study on their sleep disturbance and quality of life. Objective: To find out the effect of Jacobson’s progressive relaxation technique on sleep disturbance and quality of life in chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis. Methodology: Experimental study with a convenient sampling of 30 Rheumatoid arthritis subjects with age group of 20-70 years received Jacobson’s progressive relaxation technique 1 session per day for 10 days. Outcome Measures: Sleep disturbance was evaluated using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and quality of life was evaluated by using Short form health survey-36(SF-36) Results: Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 22, which showed significant improvement in both sleep disturbance and quality of life in chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis. Conclusion: Thus, Jacobson’s progressive relaxation technique has shown significant result in improving sleep disturbance and quality of life in chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mariyam Farzana, Mukesh Kumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194763 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Comparison of Therapeutic Ultrasound and Low Level Laser Therapy Over Pain and Scar Health in Post Episiotomy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194765 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Episiotomy is a surgical procedure made in the perineum of the gravida in the late second stage of labour in order to facilitate delivery of the fetus.various study had done on episiotomy to relieve pain but there is a lack of study on scar health in episiotomy.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To find out the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound and low level laser therapy over pain and scar health in post episiotomy.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Quasi-Experimental study 10 subjects with age group of 25 to 30 years into two groups (GROUP A &amp; GROUP B). GROUP A (5 subjects) treated with therapeutic ultrasound. GROUP B (5 subjects) treated with low level laser therapy. Outcome measures for pain and scar healing was evaluated using Numerical Pain Rating Scale(NPRS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There is no statistically significant difference in the post test mean values of Numerical Pain Rating Scale(NPRS) between GROUP-A and GROUP-B with the significant value of 0.216 (p&gt;0.05). There is a significant difference in the posttest mean values of Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale(POSAS) between GROUP-A and GROUP-B with the significant value of 0.042 (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study concludes that low level laser therapy promotes the scar health better than the Therapeutic Ultrasound in episiotomy.</p> Mariyam Farzana, R. Shanmuga Priya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194765 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Specific Training on Selected Physiological Variable among Kabaddi Players https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194766 <strong>Context:</strong> The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of specific training on selected physilogicalvariable among school boys kabaddi players from government higher secondary school koomapatti..The age of the subjects ranged from 15to18 years. The selected subjects n=30 were divided into one experimental group and one control group at random. The investigator selected a training that is specific training for kabaddi players which improved certain selected physiological fitness variables namely Resting Heart Rate. As the result of field training the physical fitness level of the kabaddi would improve. The experimental group endured the training activities for 6 weeks with a schedule of six days whereas the control group remained with no activities. The data procured in prior and after the training programme was examined. To find out difference between experimental and control group of Resting Heart Rate t-ratio was employed and the level of significance was set at 0.05. The results of the study showed that the Resting Heart Rate of the experimental group was significantly improved than the control group. S. J. Albert Chandrasekar, K. Jaya Prakash https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194766 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Urinary Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein “IFABP” as a Marker for Gut Maturation in Preterm Babies https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194768 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> Formula-fed premature babies have a higher incidence of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) than breast-fed babies which may be caused by breast milk induced gut maturation. The effect of breast milk on maturation of the gut has been widely studied in animal models and recently in humans.</p><p><strong>The Aim of this Study:</strong> Is to evaluate the effects of breast-feeding on maturation of the intestine in premature babies by measuring the postnatal values of a specific enterocyte marker which is urinary intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP).</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Maturation of the gut was studied in 60 premature babies(&lt;37 weeks of gestation) without gastrointestinal morbidity. 30 of them were exclusively breast-fed and the other 30 were formula-fed. Urinary I-FABP levels as the measure of gut maturation were measured at 7th, 12th, and 22<sup>nd</sup> post-natal days.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In breast-fed babies, there was a statistically significant increase in urinary I-FABP levels between 7<sup>th</sup> and 12<sup>th</sup> days after birth compared with formula-fed babies (p&lt;0.01)</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The pattern of postnatal changes in urinary I-FABP levels suggests a delayed physiological response causing significantly delayed gut maturation in formula-fed babies compared with breast-fed ones.</p> Samir Tamer Abd-Allah, Hanan Mostafa Kamel, Madeha Abd-Allah Sayed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194768 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Relationship Individual Factors with Sickness Absence in Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194769 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Workers in health industries are more likely to have health problems. Health problems may result in in sickness absence. High rate of sickness absence can decrease productivity and consumer satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyse individual factors with types of sickness absence.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Retrospective study design. Data collection was done using secondary data in the form of sickness absence data report of hospital in 2017. A binary logistic regression test was used to identify the significance of correlation of age, sex, years of service and marital status correlation with types of sickness absence.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Of 416 workers, 100 people submitted 163 sickness absence letter with the total of 653 days. Women workers with age range of 26-45, who were married and with 5 years of service were the group with the most sickness absence. Short term sickness absence was the most common type. The results of multivariate binary logistic regression showed that age (p value = 0.659 and Exp (B) = 0.783), sex (p value= 0.929 and Exp (B) = 0.945), years of service (p value = 0.620 and Exp (B) = 0.866), marital status (p value = 0.773 and Exp (B) = 0.837) variables were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is no significant relationship between individual factors and type of sickness absence.</p> Samsul Arifin, Abdul Rohim Tualeka https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194769 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Climate Variability and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194770 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an arboviral infectious disease that has occurred frequently as an extraordinary event due to its fast spread and lethal potential in Indonesia. The vector <em>Aedes aegypti</em> is sensitive to climate variability. This study determines the relationship between climate variability and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia from 2009 to 2017.</p><p><strong>Subject and Method:</strong>This study used the monthly dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence obtained from the Surabaya Health Office and the monthly climate variability parameters (average temperature, rainfall, humidity) obtained from the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics and website www.worldweatheronline.com. Data analysis was done using One-Sample <em>Kolmogorov Smirnov Test</em> and Spearman non-parametric correlation test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed a correlation between all three climate variability parameters with dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence (average temperature p&lt;0.05, r=-0.603; rainfall p&lt;0.05, r=0.407; humidity p&lt;0.05, r=0.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Average temperature is negatively correlated to dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence, while rainfall and humidity are positively correlated to dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence. This study shows preliminary evidence on the correlation of climate variability and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.</p> Sandra Choi Ning Tang, Musofa Rusli, Pudji Lestari https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194770 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Associations Between TNF-&#945; and Interleukin-18 and ADIPOQ Gene Polymorphisms in Iraqi Obese Women Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194771 Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome has always been an enigma, and it still continues to be. In addition to an ovulatory subfertility, women with PCOS show an increased danger of pregnancy complications, obesity, so the effect of this issue isn’t simply constrained to reproductive age, however all through life. A total of (128) samples (50 normal Weight and 78 obese groups). Those samples was collected from the Kamal Al-Samarraie hospital, Ministry-of Health in Baghdad-Iraq from April 2017-August 2017. The aim of this present study to was to detect association from polymorphism ADIPOQ gene (rs12495941) with risk of Polycystic ovary syndrome for Iraqi women patients and compare between ADIPOQ gene of Iraq population with gene bank of NCBI. Examine Interleukin-18(IL-18), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) of Polycystic ovary syndrome Iraqi women patients. TNF-α, and IL-18 showed significantly change(p&lt;0.05) in Obese with PCOS and low weight with PCOS groups when comparing with control group. followed by no-significant change (p&gt;0.05)when comparing between Obese without PCOS and low weight with PCOS groups, also shows significant change(p&lt;0.05)when comparing between low weight with PCOS and control group.The results show substitution three Transition A&gt;G and G&gt;A, six Transversion T&gt;G, T&gt;A, and C&gt;A, showed 98% identified with a standard in Gene Bank from patients group while having 100% identified with a standard in Gene Bank with the control group. Sarah Ibrahim Hashoosh, Asmaa A. Hussien, Salah Al Chalabi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194771 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Ladder Training on Selected Physical Variable among College Men Football Players https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194772 <strong>Context:</strong> The purpose of this study was to find out the Effect of ladder training on selected physical and physiological variables among college men football players. In order achieve the purpose of the study the thirty players from G.T.N Arts College and S.B.M College of Engg in Dindigul were taken as subjects. The age groups of the subjects were between 17 to 25 years. Thirty men football players were selected and the subjects were divided into two groups consist of 15 subjects. G.T.N Arts College acted as experimental group (group I) S.B.M College of Enggs acted as Control group (group II). Each subject was oriented in the procedure to the administration of the test. The subjects were formed a random group design consisting of Ladder training given to experimental group and control group, of 15 each, the control group not given any kind of Ladder training. After the experimental period of six weeks in progression, post test scores were obtained from all the two groups. The differences between initial and final scores on physical variable considered as the effect of Ladder training on subjects. The mean differences were tested for significance using ‘F’-ratio set at 0.05. The result of the study reveals that ladder training would positively improve the college men football player Physical variable significantly. R. Saravana Kumar, N. C. Jesus Raj Kumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194772 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Proposed Genetic Profiling System Based on Gel Electrophoresis for Forensic DNA Identification https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194773 <strong>Context:</strong> DNA can be considered as the core of forensic science in courts due to its importance and accuracy and validity. STR analyses were done for 10 profiles using the genetic analyzer, the DNA extracted from FTA cards and sent to profiling step with 15 loci, four loci had been selected according to their diversity (non-similarity). Gel electrophoresis has been applied on the profile’s PCR using a marker designed for only four loci. The neural network had been used to learn about DNA features. The dataset used is 10 gel electrophoresis images. Four features extracted from images (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820 and FGA) in base-pair, canny edge detection technique had been used along with multiple filters to clarify the images, then fed into the neural network to be learned, and then tested and 100% recognition rate was the result, another DNA-PCR-Gel-electrophoresis has been done to only four of profiles independently and each one of them had successfully identified and recognized. The whole process is about introducing a proposal system to be used as a DNA identification system, which can be used in airports and outlets for fast recognitions of criminal suspects or major events such as airplane crash or terrorist attacks. Sarmad M. Hadi M., Z. Al Faiz Ali, A. Ibrahim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194773 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 C2 Lateral Mass Vertebrae Anthropometry for Evaluating C2 Straight Lateral Mass Screw Fixation https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194774 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The cervical vertebra is an important vertebra as there are blood vessels in its surroundings from the brain to the entire vertebrae. Cervical injury has the most fatal consequences when it occurs as high as C1-C2. If instability occurs in the C1-C2 vertebrae and atlantoaxial joints, the procedure of surgical techniques include cervical arthrodesis or spinal fusion. C2 straight lateral mass fixation is one technique that can be used for fixation in patients with spinal cord compression and anomalous vertebral artery by inserting shorter screws in the lateral mass of the C2 vertebrae from the posterior direction. There have been not many references similar to the present study of anatomy to discover the screw characteristics needed in this technique.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> This study aimed to identify the length of the lateral mass in the C2 vertebra for the purposes of the C2 straight lateral mass screw fixation technique.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This research was an observational descriptive study with cross sectional design that observed the results of cervical CT-Scan. Observation was made using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer application and measurements were based on a sagittal cross section. The length was measured from the posterior parallel to the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL). The initial mean was measured on the right and left side; afterwards, the final mean is the total mean of both sides.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> From 10 samples, there were mean long lateral masses of C2 vertebrae on the right side of 13.511 ± 1.081 millimeters, the left side of 13.444 ± 1.396 millimeters, and the final mean of 13.48 ± 1,216 millimeters. It was rounded to an average of 13.5 ± 1.2 millimeters.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong> The line parallel to the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) is more posterior than the line parallel to the foramen transversum wall which causes the measured length to be shorter. This is useful for the C2 straight lateral mass screw technique as it avoids the possibility of lesions in the vertebral artery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The average lateral mass length in the population of Surabaya is 13.5 ± 1.2 millimeters.</p> Sarrah Dwiananda Mayasafira, Joni Susanto, Eko Agus Subagio https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194774 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Preferred Learning Method of Undergraduate Medical Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194775 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Learning style is the way students begin to focus, internalize and remember new and difficult information. Identifying the learning styles of medical students will enable the faculty to use appropriate Teaching and Learning method to increase the grasping ability of students. Purpose of the study was to assess the preferred learning styles of medical students by using VARK questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study based on the VARK (Visual, Auditory, Read &amp; write and Kinesthetic)questionnaire done among 414 medical students of Subharti Medical College Meerut UP. The VARK questionnaire was administered to 1<sup>st</sup> year 86(20.7%), 2<sup>nd</sup> year 91 (22%), 3<sup>rd</sup> year 116 (28%), and final year 121 (29.3%) students. The students were categorized as visual learner, auditory, read/write or kinesthetic, depending on the predominant option they chose.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Of the total 414 medical students participated in the study. 24.1%,25.8%,14.2% and 5.70% were unimodal, bimodal, trimodal and quarimodal modality as their preferred modality of learning. Among the unimodallearners the percentages of students who preferred visual(20%), auditory (35%), reading/writing (12%), kinesthetic (33%). AV(29.9%) followed by AK(26.1%) were most preferred bimodal modalities of learning. AVK(44.1%) was most preferred trimodal modality of learning. There was no significant difference among different year of medical students for preferredunimodal modalities of learning (p=0.55), different bimodal modalities of learning (p=0.9) and different trimodal modalities of learning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Audio visuals which includes short movies, video clips and animated versions are most preferred modalities for exciting and interesting learning. Kinesthetic learning which includes ECE (early clinical exposures) role plays, case presentation, simulations etc works more on affective and psychomotor component of learning and gives a better understanding, adds meaningfulness to the topic and renders a long lasting memory. A teaching session which includes all the modalities makes a strong, positive and permanent impression on a students mind about the subject.</p> Saurabh Shrama, Sartaj Ahmad, Sartaj Ahmad, Bhawana Pant, Deepak Kumar, Bhawana Pant, Kaynat Nasser, Deepak Kumar, Kaynat Nasser https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194775 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Smoking & Alcohol on Hypertension in Various Professionals a:Cross Sectional Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194776 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To study the effect of smoking &amp; alcohol on hypertension in various professionals.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A cross sectional study was done from 1<sup>st</sup> August 2015 to 30<sup>th</sup> August 2017 in district Bareilly. A Predesigned &amp; Pretested questionnaire was used comprising of demographic data, alcohol &amp; tobacco use. Three types of professionals were included in this study: Doctors, Managerial staff, School teachers from the teaching institutions.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The Smoking history among professional groups found that majority of doctors (67.70%) were smokers followed by managerial staff (60%) and school teachers (30%) &amp;p-value (&lt;0.001) was found statistically significant. Alcohol consumption history among professional groups found that majority (60%) doctors were alcoholic followed by (43.08%) managerial staff and (30%) school teachers and p-value (&lt;0.001) was found statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this study among professional groups the association of hypertension with alcohol and smoking was found highly significant.The odds of developing high blood pressure and its adverse consequences in professional groups can be minimized by promoting a healthy lifestyle.</p> Shailesh Gupta, Shruti Gupta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194776 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Credibility of Health Care Advertising:An Empirical Understanding of its Multi-dimensional Structure and Scale Validation with Special Reference to Children’s Health Food Drinks https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194777 <strong>Context:</strong> Advertising techniques need to be transformed based on the observations of the perceptions of consumers since they can be the directional force to any advertising aimed at those groups. The study fruitfully provides an empirical understanding about the multiple components of advertising credibility of consumer healthcare products. One of the major tasks undertaken in this research was to develop a scale which is statistically reliable and valid to measure advertising credibility in the current marketing environment of Kerala with special reference to children’s health drinks. Indu Manish Kumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194777 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Service Quality Perceptions to Wards Health Insurance Products https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194778 <strong>Context:</strong> A healthy and competent workforce is the biggest asset of any nation and therefore, it is an important objective of every progressive government to ensure health for all. In this regard, insurance is the backbone in managing the risk of the country. In today’s globalised world of fierce competition, providing a quality service to the customers is the key for existence and success of any business. Service quality or quality of service is said to be a function of three variables, viz., expectation, perception and performance. The main objective of this paper is to identify the service quality of health insurance products and services offered by the public and private health insurance companies and to identify the key factors contributing to the service quality. The study is based on primary data. The gaps between perception and expectation scores on various dimensions of service quality of health insurance products have been captured by the SERVQUAL tool. Mahfuja Begum https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194778 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Unwed Mother:A Socio-Legal Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194779 <strong>Context:</strong> This research evaluated the effects of a social support program on young unwed mothers. Measures of social support, stress, affect, and life events were compiled by 15 program participants and 15 matched controls before and after the program six months later. The results showed significant increases in the size of the family and friend network for program participants relative to controls. Also, program participants reported more involvement in work and school and maintained a high level of positive affect significantly more than controls. The two groups did not differ in reported levels of stress. The implications of the findings for future research and program development were discussed. Payashwini Sharma, Aqueeda Khan, Aqueeda Khan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194779 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness with Resting and Post: Exercise Cardiac Output in Overweight and Obese Individuals https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194780 Background: Epicardial adipose tissue is known to have adverse effect on local coronary health, cardiac structure and function. Echocardiography has shown to be a reliable method to measure the adipose thickness. Aim: To study the association between epicardial adipose tissue thickness with resting and post-exercise test cardiac output. Method: A cross-sectional study of 26 overweight and obese subjects in the age group of 20 to 50 was included. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness was measured using M-mode echocardiogram. Resting and post exercise cardiac output, ejection fraction and heart rate recovery were measured during sub-maximal exercise on treadmill. Results: There was no significant correlation of epicardial adipose tissue thickness with resting and postexercise cardiac output, ejection fraction and heart rate recovery. Conclusion: Cardiac output, Ejection fractionat rest and post - exercise, also Heart rate recovery were not affected by epicardial adipose tissue thickness of less than 4mm. Sridevi , Kalyana Chakravarthy Bairapareddy, Bhamini Krishna Rao, Arun G. Maiya, Gopala Krishna Alaparthi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194780 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Factors Affecting Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases among Hotel Employees in Udupi District, Karnataka https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194781 <strong>Context:</strong> Several research has indicated the increasing morbidity and mortality across the globe. Diet, lifestyle habits, stress are the most common risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Hotel employees have been reported to have increased workload and stress which increases their risk to CVD related morbidity and mortality. This paper is a pilot study of the cross-sectional research study undertaken to identify risk factors associated with CVD risk among hotel employees in Udupi district of Karnataka. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information pertaining to medical history, lifestyle habits, stress, sleep, bowel toxicity, inflammation and pain, blood glucose, blood lipids, diet, blood pressure and weight status. Research identified abnormal blood sugar levels, lipid profile, high blood pressure, high waist circumference and lifestyle habits like smoking and alcohol consumption as common risk factors among hotel employees. Over 69% had moderate to high risk of CVD due to the above mentioned risk factors. A good diet and lifestyle management can modify these risk factors and reduce risk of CVD among hotel employees. K. Thirugnanasambantham, Lalitha Ramaswamy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194781 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Comparative Evaluation of Depth of Cure of Bulk:Fill Composite Resin and Alkasite Restorative Material by Vicker’s Hardness Test https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194782 <p><strong>Background:</strong> This study evaluates depth of cure (hardness ratio) of a bulk-fill resin composite and an alkasite material in self cure and dual cure mode and compares and evaluates the Vicker’s hardness and depth of cure of a bulk-fill resin composite and an alkasite material in self cure and dual cure mode.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> A dual-cure alkasite material and a bulk-fill composite resin were divided into three parts: Group A-bulk-fill resin composite, Group B-self-cured alkasite material and Group C-lightcured alkasite material. The samples were prepared in a stainless steel split mould of 6mm height and 4mm diameter. Vicker’s hardness testing was performed to evaluate depth of cure of 4mm at three levels of 0mm, 2mm and 4mm.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The statistics were analyzed using SPSS Software and One- way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests. The data obtained revealed that Cention N showed the greatest depth of cure in dual cure mode.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Most dual cure restorative materials exhibit better strength post light-curing compared to only the self-cure mode.</p> Gowrish Bhat, Namrata Khanna, Mithra Nidarsh Hegde, Vandana Sadananda https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194782 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Health Implications on Consumption of Food at Fast Food Outlets in Chennai https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194783 Context: The recent lifestyles of youngstershas changed in such a way that, it led to an impact on their dietary patterns. Nowadays youngsters prefer to go for the food which is available in fast food outlets, although these foods are high in caloric content, sugar, salt and fat some of which will also laden with preservatives, there is a great demand for this foods and the expansion of multinational fast foods are the evidence for its growth. The health implication starts with overweight and hypertension which will reduce the life span. Foods prepared at fast food outlets will be at extreme heat to complete the cooking process. Fast foods have become a prominent feature of the diet among youngsters and the main reason is fast food outlets deliver food quickly which is convenient to lifestyle in metro cities and also in developing countries. A balanced and nutritional diet is required to have a healthy life and it is a responsibility of fast food outlets to full fill the dietary requirements of consumers. The objective of the paper is to highlight the health implications on consuming food and beverages with high calorific value, inadequate cooking, food laden with colorings and additives. H. M. Moyeenudin, Mark Keith Faraday, Mark Keith Faraday, John Williams, John Williams, Manivel K., Manivel K. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194783 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study to Evaluate Prevalence, Knowledge and Awareness of Needle Stick Injury among Dental and Nursing:Under Graduate Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194784 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Blood borne pathogens such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B and C viruses are commonly transmitted through needle stick injuries (NSI). Health care workers are the most commonly affected group of people. This study was conducted to test the prevalence, knowledge and awareness among the Dental and Nursing students.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong> Cross sectional study was done among dental and nursing students. Data was collected through questionnaire and analyzed. Total 410 students participated in the survey, (160 Dental students and 250 Nursing) students<strong>.</strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The nursing students were affected frequently by NSI compared to dental students. 82.76% nursialth care department.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The prevalence of NSI was higher in nursing students compared to dental students. Both dental and nursing students lacked the knowledge and awareness about the NSI reporting. Reinforcement of the importance of reporting NSI, knowledge about the management of the same, following the guidelines of universal precautions and proper biomedical waste disposal method especially of the sharps and needles through formulated training programs designed for students would considerably reduce the risk of NSI and transmission of infection.</p> Harshada Zagade, Nilesh Kumar, Tukaram Zagade, Aaditee V. Vande https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194784 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Mental Imagery Technique on Balance in Postmenopausal Women with Postural Disturbance:A Randomized Controlled Trial https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194785 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Decreased blood estrogen after menopause causes decreased the sensitivity of higher centers because of impaired postural control in postmenopausal women which can increase the risk of fall.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To find the effect of mental imagery technique on balance in postmenopausal women with postural disturbance.</p><p><strong>Method/Design:</strong> 32 PMW who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Subjects were allocated in two groups of 16 each into an experimental and control group. Berg balance scale and Balance error scoring system were taken before the start of the intervention and at the end of four weeks. According to the allocated group, BT was given to Group A and BT + MI to Group B thrice a week for four weeks.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There was a significant improvement in Group B in BESS, with p-value &lt;0.01. Comparison between the group indicates the individuals treated with a combination of BT with MI technique significantly improved better than those individual treated with BT alone. Comparison of the mean difference of BBS score between the two groups A and B was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> On comparing the mean difference of BEES it can be concluded that MT along with conventional BT is beneficial for postmenopausal women with postural disturbance when compared to conventional balance training alone.</p> Hulsha Paudyal, Suchetha P. S., Suchetha P. S., Dhanesh Kumar K. U., Dhanesh Kumar K. U. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194785 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 An Observational Study on Factors Associated with Pre- Eclampsia/Gestational Hypertension among Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital at Udupi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194786 <p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Pre-Eclampsia and Gestational Hypertension are often categorised under the complicated hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The present study was carried out to observe the maternal age distribution, family history of hypertension, blood group distribution, gravida status, gestational age at delivery and baby weight distribution among healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with PE/GH attending a tertiary care hospital at Udupi district.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> After obtaining the consent from pregnant women fulfilling the criteria for the study, details on maternal age distribution, family history of hypertension, blood group distribution, gravida status, gestational age at delivery and baby weight distribution were obtained from the patient records. Healthy pregnant were defined as those who had no complications in pregnancy till delivery and cases were defined as the ones who developed GH/PE anytime after 20 weeks of gestation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The present study identified that among Control 16.7% and among Case 29% had family history of hypertension. Larger percentage of women had blood group of O+ among control whereas it was B+ among case. Among Case, 48.6% women delivered at ≤37 weeks. The babies born to Control women had a birth weight of 3.07 ± 0.38 kg as compared to babies born to women with Gestational Hypertension/Pre-eclampsia which was 2.6 ± 0.32 kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study could identify the distribution pattern of maternal age, family history of hypertension, blood group, gravida status, gestational age at delivery and baby birth weight and among healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with PE/GH attending a tertiary care hospital at Udupi district.</p> Jenu Maria Thomas, Revathi P. Shenoy, Parvati V. Bhat, Asha Kamath https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194786 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Specific Training on Selected Physical Variable among Kabaddi Players https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194787 <strong>Context:</strong> The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of specific training on selected physical variable among school boys kabaddi players. The age of the subjects ranged from 15 to 18 years. The selected subjects n=30 were divided into one experimental group and one control group at random. The investigator selected a training that is specific training for kabaddi players which improved certain selected physical fitness variables namely muscular strength. As the result of field training the physical fitness level of the kabaddi would improve. The experimental group endured the training activities for 6 weeks with a schedule of six days whereas the control group remained with no activities. The data procured in prior and after the training programme was examined. To find out difference between experimental and control group of Muscular strength t-ratio was employed and the level of significance was set at 0.05. The results of the study showed that the muscular strength of the experimental group was significantly improved than the control group. K. Jayaprakash, S. J. Albert Chandrasekar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194787 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Selected Yogic Practices on Aerobic Capacity and Anaerobic Power of School Girls https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194788 <strong>Context:</strong> The objective of the present study was to find out the effect of selected aerobic capacity and anaerobic power of sedentary school girls of west Bengal. Subject: twenty five(n=25) sedentary school students were randomly selected as subjects for this study from Atulia Neta Adharsha Vidyapath, North 24 paraganas. The age ranged from 16-18 years. The study was confined in a single experimental group and no control group was considered. In the present study of aerobic capacity and anaerobic power were two variables. Aerobic capacity were measured in terms of maximum oxygen consumption during excersice i.e. VO2 max. Aerobic capacity &amp; anaerobic power were measured respectively by Queens College Step Test and Margaria-kalamenanaerobic power test. A structured yogic training was intervened for six week. Mean and Standard deviation statistical procedure was carried out. The mean of different variables were compared by using t-test statistical significance was tested at 0.05 levels. The results highlighted that there were the significant difference in aerobic capacity between pre and post treatment condition. On the other hand a significant difference was found in anaerobic power between the pre and post treatment condition. K. Nagajothi, N. C. Jesus Rajkumar, T. Arun Prasanna https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194788 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Low Level Laser Therapy Versus Ultrasound Therapy with Plantar Fascia Streching in Subjects with Plantar Fasciitis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194789 <p><strong>AIM:</strong> To find the effectiveness of low level laser therapy versus ultrasound therapy with plantar fascia stretching in subjects with plantar fasciitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Non equivalent quasi experimental study design was used in this study.Total of 30 subjects with plantar fasciitis were selected using non probability convenience sampling technique. 30 Subjects was divided into two groups by lot system. Group A received low level laser therapy and Group B received ultrasound therapy and for both the group plantar fascia stretching was given. The outcome measures are FAAM (foot ankle ability measure) and NPRS (numerical pain rating scale). Data collected and tabulated was statistically analysed.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> Statistical analysis of post-test, foot and ankle ability measure questionnaire (FAAM) and NPRS (numerical pain rating scale) revealed that there is statistically significant difference seen between Group A and Group B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> From the result, it has been concluded that low level laser therapy with plantar fascia stretching (Group A) is more effective than ultrasound therapy with plantar fascia stretching (Group B) in decreasing pain and improving the quality of life in subjects with plantar fciitiass.</p> K. Koteeswaran, Ramya K., Rajeshwari , Manikumar Muthiah, Sankara Kumaran Pandian https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194789 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Expiratory Training and Inspiratory Training with Lumbar Stabilization in Low Back Pain:A Randomized Controlled Trial https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194790 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Low back is the leading cause of work absence and activity limitation. It is often associated with faulty posture. Postural muscles have role in both postural control and respiration. Thus it is important to address breathing in treatment of low back pain.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The concept of breathing in low back pain is rarely translated into clinical practice. Thus, the present study will attempt to explore the evidence related to breathing and low back pain. On comparing the effect of expiratory training and inspiratory training with lumbar stabilization, the study will enlighten us whether expiratory or inspiratory training is more beneficial.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The study is an RCT which included 36 subjects of the age group 20-50 years, assigned into three groups: group A (inspiratory training with lumbar stabilization), group B (expiratory training with lumbar stabilization) and group C (lumbar stabilization exercise). The intervention was performed every day in a week for 3 weeks. The outcome measures, VAS, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and stabilizer pressure biofeedback were measured at baseline and 3 weeks after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> On comparing the outcome measures pre and post, all the three groups demonstrated clinically significant results, while group A produced statistically significant result in improving pain measured on VAS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study provides an affirmation for the effect of breathing in low back pain. The effectiveness of the interventions can be translated into clinical practice for the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain.</p> Kavya V., Dhanesh Kumar K. U. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194790 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Influence of Self-Efficacy on Student Engagement of Senior Secondary School Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194791 Context: The present study examined to investigate the influence of self-efficacy on student engagement of Senior Secondary School students. The respondents were students from senior secondary school of Jammu and Kashmir. A Sample of 400 senior Secondary School Students (200 boys and 200 girls) were selected from Jammu and Kashmir by employing simple random sampling. T-test, correlations and regression were employed to analyze the data. The study indicated that (a) there exists significant difference between senior Secondary School boys and girls with their self-efficacy (b) there exists Significant Difference Between Private and Government senior Secondary school Students with their self-efficacy (c) there exists Significant Difference Between senior Secondary School Boys And Girls with their student engagement (d) there exists significant difference between private and government senior Secondary school Students with their student engagement. It revealed that significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and student engagement of senior secondary school students. It also found the self-efficacy had significant influence on student engagement of senior Secondary School Students. Kundan Singh, Bilkees Abdullah https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194791 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Ruptured Bicornuate Uterus Mimicking Ectopic Pregnancy:A Case Report https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194792 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Congenital malformations of uterus occur due to abnormal formation, fusion or resorption of mullerian ducts during fetal life. A normal uterus is formed by fusion of two mullerian ducts which starts at 10<sup>th</sup> week and uterine development is completed by 20<sup>th</sup> week. If the two mullerian ducts fail to fuse it results in separate uterine horns also known as Bicornuate uterus.</p><p><strong>Presentation of Case:</strong> We are presenting a case of 24 year old primigravida presented to us at 15<sup>th</sup> weeks of gestation who was having amenorrhoea for 3 months and 26 days along with gaseous distention of abdomen and lower abdomen pain for 6-7 days. She again underwent an abdominal ultrasonography at a different centre and it was suggestive of abdominal pregnancy. She underwent an abdominal ultrasonography again after 2 weeks of this where she was diagnosed as abdominal pregnancy with minimal as cites. To take further advice she presented to us the next day with both the reports. An assessment of ectopic pregnancy was made, she was counselled and consent for lapratomy was taken. At surgery a gravid bicornuate uterus with pregnancy in left cornua was found. Tubes and ovaries were normal. The conceptus ruptured the left uterine wall and the omentum was found adhered to the uterus. Omentum was ligated. The ruptured left horn was removed at its junction to right horn. Product of conceptus was taken out, pelvis was drained of blood and uterus and abdomen were closed in layers after achieving complete hemostasis.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong> Our patient had ultrasonographic diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy at 15<sup>th</sup> week so an emergengency laparotomy was done to save patients life. On laparotomy bicornuate uterus with ruptured pregnancy in left horn was found. Blood, fluid replacement therapy and exploratory laparotomy followed by repair of uterus and drainage of pelvic blood was necessary to save patients life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This case highlights the fact that a bicornuate uterine pregnancy can mimc an ectopic pregnancy and the two should be differentiated.</p> Kusum Sharma, Renu Yadav, Shekhar Sharma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194792 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Patient Satisfaction in a Dental Hospital with Respect to Clinician Expertise https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194793 Aim: To compare the level of patient satisfaction in a dental hospital with respect to clinician expertise. Objective: To assess the patient satisfaction in a dental hospital and compare the patient satisfaction between those who were treated by undergraduates, fourth year undergraduates and Compulsory Rotational Interns (CRI) based on the clinician’s speed of treatment, explanation and caring and cleanliness. Background: Patient satisfaction is regarded as an important outcome of care and is one of the major factors that contribute to better patient compliance and consequently to improved clinical outcomes. Measuring patient satisfaction allows for evaluation of health systems, particularly comparisons between different models of care delivery. Rationale: As teaching facilities, dental school clinics must constantly strive to find a balance between meeting the needs of the patient and meeting the needs of the student, all the while knowing that patients and their satisfaction are critical to the education of our students. Materials and Method: This study was conducted among the patients undergoing treatment in Saveetha Dental Hospital, Chennai. Feedback was collected from 1500 patients of which 500 were treated by third years, 500 were treated by final years and 500 were treated by CRI (Compulsory Rotational Internship) and the satisfaction level of patient was assessed based on the speed of the procedure, explanation of the procedure, empathy and cleanliness on a scale of 0-10 and the average score was compared among third year undergraduates, fourth year undergraduates and CRI. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software using Anova and Post-Hoc test. Results: Overall, the satisfaction score of patients treated by interns were higher in all the categories followed by final years and third years. Interns were significantly better than third years and final years in terms of explanation and cleanliness. But, there was no statistically significant difference between 3rd years, fourth years and interns in terms of speed of treatment. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that as the level of expertise increases the level of patient satisfaction increases. L. Sri Varsha, Sheeja Varghese https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194793 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Psychological Effects of Trauma to Anterior Teeth https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194794 <p><strong>Context:</strong> Dental trauma has a very distressing experience on physical, emotional and psychological aspects of the patient. The aim of the study was to determine the psychological effects of anterior dental trauma on patients.</p><p>A questionnaire study was carried out to know the psychological aspects of trauma to anterior teeth based on the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) index. It is regarded as the most comprehensive tool for measuring Oral Health Related Quality of Life. This study concentrated only on psychological discomfort and psychological disability. Each item was scored on a five-point scale ranging from “never” (coded 0) to “very often” (coded 4).</p><p>The statistical significance of the scores thus obtained and the mean levels of the severity scores between genders and age groups were calculated using the statistical chi-square test. In our study psychological effects to anterior teeth trauma was most observed in the age group of 18-25. Interestingly when the observation was monitored across genders, we observed large psychological effect in females when compared to male gender.</p> Lakshmi Nidhi Rao, Aditya Shetty, Mithra N. Hedge https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194794 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Physical Characteristics and Somato Type of Trained Badminton Players https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194795 Context: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship among somato type characteristics and physical training of young male and female Badminton players. A total of 30 players (15 males and 15 females), who represented Kerala in national level competitions, were evaluated with the sex as a factor. Different body measurements were recorded following the guidelines proposed by the ISAK such as body mass, height, skinfold thicknesses at different sites (biceps, triceps, subscapular, supraspinale and medial calf), girths (arm relaxed, thigh, and calf) and breadths (biepicondylarhumerus and femur). In addition to anthropometrical analysis, body composition and somato type of the participants had been assessed. A t- test for independent samples was performed to examine the statistical differences between sex groups and a Pearson’s coefficient was applied to evaluate the correlation between variables. An endomorph-ectomorph somatotype characteristics was observed for the entire group. Analysis, taking into account the sex factor, revealed an endomorph-mesomorph somatotype for the males and an endomorph-ectomorph somatotype for the females. Data corresponding to body composition contrasted by sex showed higher body fat percentage for the female group than the males. Within the tested age interval range, body fat content in female players was higher than the male counterparts. Although these differences might be the consequence of a normal growth, it was advisable to integrate educational and nutritional strategies in order to maintain an optimum body fat content. Training procedure must be considered to improve the body type for the specific sports event. M. Senthil Kumar, T. Vinoy Vincent https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194795 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Health Care Services Under Consumer Protection Laws of Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir:A Socio-Legal Mapping https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194796 <strong>Context:</strong> Ever since the passing of the <em>Jammu &amp; Kashmir Consumer Protection Act,</em> 1987, the doctorpatient’s relationship came under critical scrutiny, controversy and litigation. The inadequacy of consumer protections laws results in unavoidable contingency, spiralling cost shifting and inordinate health care complexities. It examines health care services as a matter of consumer rights under Consumer Protection Act, 1986, Jammu and Kashmir Consumer Protection Act, 1987 and <em>Consumer Protection Act, 2019</em>. It makes consumers to navigate between hope and despair for access to health care. The paperis driven to analytical study of inadequacy of consumer laws in dealing effectively deficiency of medical service, insufficiency of health care services,lack of medical professionalism and negligence in Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar by encompassing a legislative survey of consumer laws in inculcating Consumer Right Awareness (CRA) and toning of structural governance of grievance redressal mechanism. The gap between the precept and practice of consumer justice and compensation in health care services is identified for adoption of a robust infrastructural and schematic revamping. M. Z. M. Nomani, Ajaz Afzal Lone, Alaa K.K. Alhalboosi, Aijaj A. Raj, Zubair Ahmed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194796 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF):Revolutionary Boon to Dentistry https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194797 <p><strong>Context:</strong> With time, the treatment protocol changes and currently there is a new school of treatment called accelerated orthodontics wherein the goal is to shorten the time needed to align the teeth.</p><p>Platelets are one of the initiators both in the soft and hard tissue wound healing processes. They contain growth factors such as the platelet derived growth factor, transforming growth factor, Endothelial growth factor, and others. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a natural biomaterial with favourable results in orthodontics and other specialities with minimal risk.</p><p>The following article attempts to summarise the relevant literature regarding benefits of PRF over PRP, focusing on its preparation, advantages and disadvantages of using it in clinical scenarios in medicine and dentistry, due it’s minimally invasive technique and low risks.</p> Paridhi Gupta, Bhagyalakshmi , Raghunath https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194797 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Compliance of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003:A Baseline Survey in Vijayapura District of North Karnataka https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194798 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> According to WHO, tobacco use is considered a single most preventable cause of death. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2009-10, almost 1 in every 2 adult males and 1 in 5 adult females use tobacco in some form in India. In 2003, the Government of India enacted comprehensive legislation for tobacco control called the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act (COTPA). The purpose of the COTP Act is fulfilled only when the community takes participation in its strict implementation.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To measure the level of compliance to COTPA-2003 in Vijayapura district of North Karnataka.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A cross sectional survey was planned to assess the implementation of COTPA 2003 in Vijayapura district by using structured Interview method for a period of two months. Around 250 places were assessed in five taluka head quarters each of the district by using proforma based on the regulations given in Section 4, 5, 6a, 6b, 7,8,9 of COTPA 2003.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Implementation level found in the district was 30% for section-4, 84% for section-5, 92% for section-6a, for 64% section-6b and 99% for section-7, 8, 9.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> COTPA includes measures that are intended to protect residents from exposure to secondhand smoke, to significantly restrict tobacco advertising and to eliminate easy access to tobacco products by youth. The COTPA-2003 implementation in all the taluka headquarters of district is found less as expected. The reason may be less awareness regarding the act &amp; the punishment followed after violation.</p> Praveen Ganganahalli, Santosh D. Patil, Mohd. Shannawaz, Prakash Chauhan, M. B. Biradar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194798 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 One Year Clinical Evaluation of Different Bulk Fill Restorative Resins in Class-I Restorations https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194799 <strong>Context:</strong> The aim of this study is to compare the one year clinical performance of three bulk fill restorative materials in posterior class I occlusal restorations. 20 patients received three class I with one of three bulkfill restorative resins. Sonicfill, Tetric Evoceram and Filtek bulkfill. All restorations were evaluated at baseline, at three, six, nine months, and one year after placement. Two calibrated examiners other than the operator were evaluated each restoration. Modified USPHS criteria was used to evaluate the restorations. The results were statistically insignificant. More studies need to be carried out and for a long period of time. Rashmi N. C., Anupama A., Nikita Singh, , Deepak Gupta, Ankita Sharma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194799 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Lower Extremity Perfusion among Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusin a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kochi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194800 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetes as one of Non-communicable diseases has consumed a large share of money, material, time and human resources of health systems. Now, due to advancement in lifestyle and industrial process, prevalence of diabetes and its associated complications have been raised. Among these complications, diabetic foot considered as a common complication of diabetes.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The present study was a quantitative quasi experimental two group pretest posttest design. The study was done at Amrita Hospital, Kochi. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Burger Allen exercise on level of lower extremity perfusion among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Totally 100 samples were taken in which 50 are in experimental and 50 in control group using convenience sampling technique.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In the present study, majority were males with the average age among experimental group were 55.30 +- 4.58, 36(72%) and 55.30+- 4.58, 34 (68%) in the control group. The study result showed that mean and standard deviation of ABPI score among both groups on Day 1(0.07 ± 0.01), day 2 (0.05 ± 0.02) and day 3(0.19 ± 0.01). There was statistical significance with the p value &lt;0.01. There was also significant difference between the groups and within the groups in ABPI scores in 3 days among patients with type 2 DM which is significant at &lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In the light of present study result, it depicted that the Buerger Allen exercise improve lower extremity perfusion among patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p> Reshma K. Sasi, Rafia Islam, Anjana Sunil, Anju Markose https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194800 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Child Abuse:An Empirical Study Emphasizing on Child Health in Present Indian Socio-Economic Situation https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194801 <strong>Context:</strong> Child abuse is often neglected in the society. However, it should not be overlooked as this problem might become a major problem in the long run. Due to the hush-hush nature of this problem in the society, it is slowly creeping in as social stigma amongst the people which restricts the problem from being addressed directly. The main objective of the paper is to identify the health related factors of Child Abuse in present Indian socio-economic situation. The results of the study show that Child abuse is a growing peril in the Indian society and it must be addressed as soon as possible. Less research has been done in this field and there is a need to explore the various options in order to mitigate it. Adjusted odd ratios (OR) was used for the analysis of the data. Satakshi Chatterjee, Arunangshu Giri, Pradip Paul, Manigrib Bag, Swatee Biswas, Abanti Aich https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194801 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Glimpse of Manual Scavanging in India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194814 <strong>Context:</strong> Across India, manual scavenging and its allied forms — the manual cleaning of dry latrines, sewers, manholes and septic tanks, abstraction of debris from sewage canals and any interaction with excreta — are openly prevalent, defined as a “cultural vocation”. “In India, every five days, a manual scavenger dies in a sewer, septic tank or a manhole,” the report verbally expressed. However, its scope was constrained as its primary source of data was statistics from NCSK, which has disarrayed information organised arbitrarily. The few key features of the Act Prohibits the expression or maintenance of insanitary toilets, Prohibits the engagement or employment of anyone as a manual scavenger, Violations could result in a years’ imprisonment or a fine of INR 50,000 or both. The press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has verbally expressed that a Task Force was constituted for carrying out a National Survey of manual scavengers in 2018 in 170 identified districts of 18 states. The right technology is considered as one of the solution to eradicate this scourge. In spite of that, the social and gender issues should be abolished by educating pupil about this ill. Shailla Cannie, Aasavri Cannie https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194814 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Knowledge of Primary School Teachers Regarding Learning Disorders among Children at Schools of Satara District https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194815 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> “Learning disorder is a general term that refers to a group of disorders manifested by difficulty in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, &amp; mathematical abilities. These disorders are inherent to the person supposed to be because of central nervous system malfunction. Most students who undergo from learning disorders will not be recognized before standard 3-4 of primary school since their teachers don’t have adequate knowledge about learning disorder. Teachers are the child’s first contact person in school and the perfect person to find out a learning difficulty. Unluckily, most either pay no attention to the problem or blame it on the child’s personality.2</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> The study was designed in the form of non-experimental descriptive type. Study comprised of 316 primary school teachers from conveniently selected schools at Satara district.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> Majority of the teachers was belongs to 41 to 58 age groups 203(64.24%), 199(62.97%) were females, 277(87.65) were Hindu, 301(95.25%) teachers was married, 214(67.72%) teachers were having educational qualification of D.Ed., 243(78.89%) teachers was having above 11 years of experience. 166(52.26%) of the subject had poor knowledge,146(46.20%) teachers had average knowledge &amp; 04(1.26%) had good knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Present study showed the need for intensive training of primary school teachers on learning disorders.</p> Shivaji H. Pawar, Durgawale P. M., Kakade S. V. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194815 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and SSRI in Treatment of Conversion Disorder https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194816 <strong>Context:</strong> Current understanding of the phenomenon of conversion disorder implicates some role of the unconscious in the pathophysiology of this condition. It is therefore less likely to respond to treatment when the manifestations of the conversion are confronted directly as a unitary method of therapy. Many patients who experience a conversion disorder are unable to understand this inner conflict, which is perhaps occurring on an unconscious level. They may achieve resolution of the conflict, as well as their physical symptoms, once they are gently made aware of this connection. Once the patient is aware of this, the psychological currency of the symptom loses value, and the symptom may be allowed to improve. Efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and SSRI in treatment of Conversion Disorder reveals that CBT combined with SSRI would be more efficacious to reduce the symptoms severity than SSRI alone for conversion disorder patients. Shubhangni Jain, Nudrat Jahan, Dinesh Kataria https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194816 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 In Vitro Study of Constitutive and Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus with Reference to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Experience From Tertiary Care Hospital in Punjab https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194817 <p><strong>Backround:</strong> Serious infections due to methicillin resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) have become a major clinical challenge. Globally Macrolide-lincosamide streptogramin B family of antibiotics are commonly used to treat such infections as an alternative to vancomycin. The study was to conducted to find out the presence of inducible clindamycin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus and their association with methicillin resistance.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The study conducted over one year (Jan 2016 - Dec 2016) in microbiology department of Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot. Two hundred fifteen S.aureus isolates were included in the study. Methicillin resistance was detected by cefoxitin (30μg) disc diffusion method and inducible clindamycin resistance by erythromycin and clindamycin disc approximation test (D-Test).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 215 clinical isolates of<em> S. aureus</em>, 140 (65.11%) were MRSA. Erythromycin and clindamycin resistance was seen in 79.06%(170/215) and 49.30% ( 106/215) respectively. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin were higher in MRSA than MSSA (erythromycin resistance:100%v s 22.5% and Clindamycin resistance:70.1% vs 10.6%). Both iMLSB and cMLSBphenotypes are predominant in MRSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Detection of MRSA in our study shows the need to improve health care practices and to formulate new infection control policies to control MRSA infections. Inducible and constitutive resistance is comparatively higher in our study in MRSA .So It is necessary to perform D-test for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance among MRSA in routine antibiotic sensitivity testing so that therapeutic failures can be avoided.</p> Sneh Lata , Rosy Bala, Neerja Jindal, Nitin Gupta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194817 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study of Gender Based Knowledge Level on Risk and Cause of Obesity among Management Students of Urban, Rural, Semi Urban Areas of East Midnapore District https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194818 Context: Obesity is becoming a huge burden for our society, it causes premature death and impairment of health some times for life long as it calls many diseases. The obesity is preventable. Awareness on obesity is a key of success of controlling that, but unfortunately our society is not showing aware of it. In this study we are trying to find out the knowledge level on risk and causes of obesity among different genders by using independent samples t test and to see the difference of knowledge level (both causes and risk of obesity) among rural, semi urban and urban, we have done ANOVA. We have used SPSS, 17th version. Total 138 students from those areas are included in the study. The study shows overall knowledge score is poor and there is gender inequality existing in semi urban and rural areas in respect of knowledge. Also the study showed knowledge level on obesity is statistically different among urban, rural and semi urban areas. Sourav Gangopadhyay, Jayeeta Majumder, Susmi Biswas https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194818 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Prevalence of Dengu Fever in India along with its Prevention and Treatment By Herbal Medicine https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194819 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Dengue viruses are the causative organism of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Dengue virus belongs to family Flaviviridae. Dengue virus has four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) that spread by the bite of infected Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes. In Ayurvedic perspectives, Dengue fever comes under the group of Abhishangaja Jvara. Dengue fever can be controlled and prevented by the number of herbal drugs which is free from any side effects. Main aim of this article is to elaborate the dengue fever and its incidence in India along with review herbal drugs which is effective in prevention and treatment of dengue fever.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> This review work was carried out by using a widespread and planned data mining approach. To achieve significant literature author uses the key words“dengue fever ” “dengue fever in India” and “herbal medicine for Dengue fever”searched in Google Scholar, web of science, Science direct, Scopus, Medline and PubMed Central journal literature.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Seven publications were included in the final selection after systematic analysis.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Dengue is endemic in more than 128 countries; about half of the world’s populations are at risk for infection. It is suggested that herbal plants could be used for prevention and treatment of dengue fever as potential anti-DENV agents and increasing the platelet (PLT) count, white blood cells (WBC) etc.Some herbal extracts have ovicidal activity against Ae. Aegypti.</p> Niraj Srivastava, Varsha Saxena, Amit Singh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194819 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Influence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Protocol on Physical Function Performance in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Long Term Physiotherapy Treatment https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194820 Background: The study aimed to find the effect of Structured Cardiorespiratory fitness protocol on Physical Function Performance in geriatric patients undergoing long term physiotherapy treatment. Method: An Experimental Study was conducted among 45 Geriatric patients undergoing more than 2 month Physiotherapy treatment. The intervention were carried out daily for 6 weeks. All Patients received Structured Cardiorespiratory fitness Protocol. The interpretation of the study was done on the basis of comparing pretest and post-test assessment of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Respiratory Rate, Borg scale. Result: pre and post-test Comparison result, respiratory rate (13.6 ± 1.42 and 13.8 ± 1.25; p=0.026) and PEFR (168.67 ± 48.97 and 171.11 ± 49.55; p=0.02) were found to be statistically significant and Borg scale were found to be extremely significant (15.73 ± 1.42 and 15.02 ± 0.23; p&lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: A Structured Cardiorespiratory fitness protocol was improved the physical function performance in geriatric patient undergoing long term physiotherapy treatment. Vishva D. Bhuva, Javid H. Sagar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194820 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Efficacy of Tele-Rehabilitation for the Management of Physical Impairments of the Children with Cerebral Palsy in the Inclusive Educational Settings:A Protocol for a Systematic Review https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194821 Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) elucidates a group of permanent disorders of movement and posture disorders caused by non-progressive damage to developing brain with a prevalence rate of about 2-2.5 per 1000 live births in the world. Despite the effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation in various physical ailments, there is a paucity of the literature of tele-rehabilitation for CP in inclusive educational settings. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to identify the efficacy of tele-rehabilitation in limiting down and managing these physical impairments of CP children in educational settings. Method and Analysis: This protocol for a systematic review is based on principles of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews &amp; meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P). Published literature in the English language on the efficacy of tele-rehabilitation in improving physical impairment among CP children between ages 3-18 years will be included in the review. The electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Pedro, EMBASE, and MEDLINE (Ovid) will be used for literature search between 2000 to 2018 years. The Rev Man 5.3 software will be used to extract the data. Down and Black critical appraisal checklist will be employed to evaluate the risk of bias. The guidelines for grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) will be used to assess the quality of research evidence. Ethics &amp; dissemination: This review does not inculpate the collection of primary data, so no ethical approval is required for the study. Findings of the review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation. Criteria for the review were set a priori and the present protocol got registration from PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Review) with ID: 42019130555. Pardeep K. Pahwa, Anshika Singh, Shobha Sharma, Suresh Mani https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194821 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Emotional Flanker Compatibility in Patients with Non-Demented Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Ageing https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194822 <strong>Context:</strong> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of the dopaminesynthesizing cells of the mesostriatal-mesocortical neuronal pathway,which affects motor pathway in basal ganglia (BG). Neuropsychological studies showed that degeneration of dopamine neuroreceptor also affects nigrostriatal and mesocortical limbic system which is associated with emotional processing in PD. However, very few studies have identified deficit in selective attention in patients with PD patients except in patients with PD-MCI (PD-Mild Cognitive Impairment) or PD-D (PD-Dementia). Thus, the present study examined the effect of emotion on attentional processing in PD and matched control. Emotional flanker task was designed by using pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) based on their normative valence ratings. Results revealed that attentional processing of emotional images were slower in PD patients in comparison to matched healthy control. Pooja Rai, Indramani L. Singh, Tara Singh, Trayambak Tiwari, Deepika Joshi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194822 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Treatment Success Rate among Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Registered Under Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Services in District Amritsar, Punjab, India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194823 <p><strong>Background:</strong> MDR-TB has become an urgent public health problem worldwide, threatening the global TB control. The success rate of treating multi drug resistant remains very low.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted on all MDR-TB patients who were registered and being treated under PMDT services in Amritsar district from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016. The treatment outcome with their clinico-demographic determinants was ascertained. Data management and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 110 registered MDR-TB patients, 88 (80.0%) were males and 22 (20.0%) were females. The various treatment outcomes observed were - 36 (32.7%) cured, 20 (18.2%) treatment completed, 16 (14.5%) defaulted, 22 (20.0%) died, 11 (10.0%) regimen changed or shifted to XDR TB regime, 5(4.5%)transferred out. The success rate (cured+ treatment completed) was 50.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> On statistical analysis, it was observed that age (p=0.012),weight band of patients under RNTCP (p=0.040) were significantly associated with the treatment outcome. Other factors like sex, residence, typeof tuberculosis and the HIV status of the patient did not affect the treatment outcome.</p> Pooja Sadana, Vishal Verma, Priyanka Devgun https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194823 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Denture Identification Method:A Review https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194824 <strong>Context:</strong> Denture marking is accepted as a means of identifying dentures and persons in geriatric institutions, during war, crimes, and civil unrest, natural and mass disasters, post mortem and medico-legal investigations. This review highlighted the various method of denture marking and significance of placing identification marks on dentures. Prabhjot Kaur, Anchal Arora, Navjot Kaur https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194824 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Repair of Cast Partial Denture Made Easy:An Alternative Approach https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194825 Context: Patients wearing cast partial denture might face breakage of denture due to any reasons. The ideal approach for repair of broken cast partial is electrosoldering. This paper presents an alternative approach for repair of cast partial denture using heat cure acrylic resin. Pradeep S. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194825 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Indigenous Healing Practices and Beneficiaries’ Perception https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194826 <strong>Context:</strong> For centuries, the concept of indigenous healing has been regarded as a non-invasive medical practice, and despite the development of clinical treatments, many people still depend on it for mental health. It is estimated that in developing countries, 80% of the population living in rural areas depend on indigenous healers for their healthcare needs (WHO, 2001). Despite the establishment of modern hospitals and educational institutions, people from the southern region of Karnataka believe that unnatural occurrences are due to Bhootas (Spirits) and a certain portion of the population attribute mental illness to witchcraft and supernatural causes. In order to overcome these obstacles,people approach healers for a miracle solution. Acknowledging the significant role of the belief system of people seeking the help of traditional healers for various problems, the present study was conducted to understand the perception of the beneficiaries regarding indigenous healing. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the belief system remains prominent in every aspect of the life of individuals who seek the help of healers, while indigenous healers need to be trained in order to provide better mental healthcare to the patients. Prakasha Amin, Mohan A. K. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194826 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Distraction Versus Cutaneous Stimulation on Venipuncture Pain Response among Children https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194827 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Intravenous procedure is invariably painful for children. Non-pharmacological techniques such as distraction and cutaneous stimulation provide coping strategies that help to manage and reduce perception of pain and decrease anxiety without medications. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of passive distraction (group I) versus cutaneous stimulation (group II) on venipuncture pain response among children.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> A quantitative two group post-test only single centered study was conducted among 100 children, between the age group of 3 to 7 years attending a selected hospital and undergoing venipuncture at a given time. OUCHER Scale (Asian Version- Male and Female) was used to assess pain responseto compare the effectiveness of passive distraction and cutaneous stimulation aimed at decreasing pain by applying ice pack over the site of procedure. The comparison of effectiveness of interventions wascomputed by using independent‘t’ test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The result showed that the mean pain score of group I (passive distraction) and group II (cutaneous stimulation) was 4.68±2.66 and 3.48±2.16, which was statistically significant (p = 0.01). There was a significant association between selected clinical aspects of children like being afraid of coming to hospital, being hospitalized and fear of needles with the pain score at p&lt; 0.05 among children received distraction technique, whereas there was no association between the selected clinical aspects of children with the pain score in group received cutaneous stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In the present study cutaneous stimulation was found more effective pain relieve strategy than passive distraction during venipuncture.Hence, all the health care professionals should use optimal nonpharmacological pain management techniques in all aspects of paediatric practice and improve children outcomes to an extent as possible while maintaining high quality health care.</p> Prini Varghese, Ahalya V., Aiswarya Kuriakose https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194827 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study on Customer Attitude and Shopping Intention Towards Health Care Products https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194828 <strong>Context:</strong> The study aims to identify various factors that influence purchase intention towards health care products. The study purpose of the paper is to recognize various purchase intention factors. A survey of 100 respondents was carried out with the help of the questionnaire. The researcher used Anova and Regressison analysis to check the hypothesis and to analyse the data. The result identified various attracting features that lead to purchase of health care product. Involvement and awareness towards healthy life style and time management played great impact over the customer shopping intention. This paper provide insights to the manufactures of health care products about the various determinants that the customer consider being most important and significant contributor in decision making process before making the purchase.Context: The study aims to identify various factors that influence purchase intention towards health care products. The study purpose of the paper is to recognize various purchase intention factors. A survey of 100 respondents was carried out with the help of the questionnaire. The researcher used Anova and Regressison analysis to check the hypothesis and to analyse the data. The result identified various attracting features that lead to purchase of health care product. Involvement and awareness towards healthy life style and time management played great impact over the customer shopping intention. This paper provide insights to the manufactures of health care products about the various determinants that the customer consider being most important and significant contributor in decision making process before making the purchase. R. Sharmila, M. Kavitha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194828 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Oral Health Literacy and its Relationship with Level of Education and Self: Efficacy among Patients Attending a Dental Rural Outreach Clinic in India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194829 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the relationship between Oral health literacy (OHL) with the level of education and self-efficacy among adults (age 18-77 years) patients attending a dental outreach clinic in Udupi Taluk. Basic Research Design: A cross-sectional study of adult patients attending a dental outreach clinic by convenience sampling.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Information was obtained about patient’s sociodemographic factors along with the self-efficacy by using Dental Copings Belief’s scale (DCBS) questionnaire and OHL was assessed by using a word recognition instrument Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30).One way ANOVA and Pearson’s χ2 test were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants:</strong> 200adult patients age range of 18-77 years who wanted to seek dental care in a dental outreach clinic. Main Outcome Measures: Oral health literacy (OHL) and Self efficacy (DCBS).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In this study the OHL was significantly associated with the level of education of patients.Among the 200 subjects who claimed to be able to read and write English language andhad completed education till class 10th; more than 50% of the subjects had Low (≤21)OHL scores. Only 12.5% of the total study population had High OHL (≥26) and were clearly able to understand simple dental terminology. Moderate levels of literacy was recorded in 75.6% in graduate and postgraduates indicating that even these people partially understood dental terms. There was no significant association between oral health literacy and selfefficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Ourstudy suggests level of education to be a strong indicator of the OHL in the Indian Population. Further research to develop new instruments to measure the OHL, in a culturally diverse country like India, which has people of different mother tongues should be encouraged.</p> Shatakshi Srivastava, Shashidhar Acharya, Deepak Kumar Singhal, Abhishek Dutta, Kush Kalra, Nishu Singla https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194829 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Perception and Prevalence of Substance Use among Undergraduate Medical Students in Mumbai https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194830 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Substance Use is a major public health concern due its potency to lead to long term addiction and its effects on an individual’s health. Medical students follow general young adult patterns and are not exempt from the consequences of substance use, which may include injuries, work and social impairment, violence, risky sexual behaviour, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and death. In lieu of the same, it is crucial that the perception towards and prevalence of Substance Use in Undergraduate Medical Students be assessed.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To study the Perception and Prevalence of Substance Use among Undergraduate Medical Students in Mumbai.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This study was conducted among Undergraduate Medical Students in Mumbai with help of a prestructured online questionnaire. A total of 250 participants were included in the study. The Data were entered and analysed using SPSS (Version 20). Descriptive statistics was done thereon.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Majority (70.3%) agreed that substance abuse was a common problem in medical students and felt that Alcohol (71.8%) and Tobacco (20.9%) were the most commonly used substances.91.3 % perceived that substance use was most common in the age group 18-30 years and 52.9% felt that male gender had a tendency to lean towards substance use. Prevalence of substance use was 68.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a high prevalence of substance use amongst medical students. An integrated approach involving multiple stakeholders is integral to target the same.</p> Priyanka Manghani, Nishtha Khatri, Ashish , Vasava, Veena Mulgaonkar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194830 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 An Assessment of Trust in Medical Profession amongst People Residing in a Semi:Urban Area,Tamil Nadu https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194831 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The fundamental basis in health care system and relationship is Trust. Trust is a set of expectations that the health care provider will do the best for the patient. The word “Trust” has been in a state of crisis over the last decade in India particularly in medical profession. Unlimited and implicit access to health care system and medical information from a varied range of source helps patients in one way and in contrary to that it may also misinform and adversely affect “Trust” in medical profession.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong></p><p><strong></strong>• To assess trust in medical profession among people (&gt;18 years) residing in a semi urban area of Tamil Nadu.</p><p>• To assess the factors affecting Trust in medical profession.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> A community based cross-sectional study was conducted during February 2019 in Thirumazhisai, a semi-urban township in Chennai. 150 Men and Women above 18 years were included in the study. Data Collection was done using semi structured questionnaire. TMP (Trust in Medical Profession) scale was used to measure trust in medical profession.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> 56.4% have good trust on Doctors and 44.33% have trust lower than the expected score based on TMP scale. Trust was higher among unemployed, women, people below poverty line, those not suffering from chronic illness though statistical association could be established only with socio economic status(p 0.04) and system of medicine followed (p 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The trust in doctors have largely been reduced and hence understanding this would lead to better ways of responding to patients requests that preserve or enhance patients trust, leading to better outcomes.</p> A. S. Taseen Sida, Alice Matilda Mendez, Nisha B., Timsi Jain https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194831 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Li-Fi Based Automated Patient Healthcare Monitoring System https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194832 <strong>Context:</strong> Now a days, patient healthcare monitoring systems have realized lots of consideration. This monitoring system repeatedly peer the patient health for the earlier recognition of any physical fall in health. In previous days, Wi-Fi technology was used to transmit the data regarding patient health which cause some health disorders due to its harmful radio waves. To overcome this hazardous problem, Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) is proposed which has no harmful radiation effect with fast and secure communication than Wi-Fi. For more secure, bastion algorithm is used to make the data more immune to attacks by the encryption of data using block cipher encryption and proficient linear post processing to the ciphertext. In the proposed work, the data’s are obtained using Arduino and then the statistical data’s are manipulated using deep learning algorithms for sending the emergency alert to the doctor. B. Srimathi, T. Ananthkumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194832 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Low Cost Hardware Based Fall Detection and Call for Help System for Elderly Person https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194833 Context: Aging is common for a Human being. Especially an old aged person needs attention due to weakening in their physical capability. Fall is one of the major problems faced by elderly persons during their daily day activities. Falls are caused due to accident, loss of consciousness. Fall poses a serious impact on health issues of an elderly person. Fall detection is one of the necessary actions to be taken. So the fall detection system is needed. Thereby here the development of the system includes methodology based on sensor-video integration technology. The event of fall occurrence can be detected using the sensor as well as the camera and the acquired information is sent as messages and live video feed to the user in case of emergency through making use of Wi-Fi technology. K. Suganya, M. Saravanan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194833 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Real Time Dengue Prediction Using Machine Learning https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194834 <strong>Context:</strong> Dengue is generally spreading the endemic zones for atmosphere zones. In a whole world, transmitted to an individual by an Aedes Aegyptus mosquito, dengue load in India is expanding at an upsetting rate. The commitments of expanded versatility, both vector and human populaces, urbanization and atmosphere changes are the most critical factors to clarify the expanding episode of dengue. Generally, the different calculations looked at, it was wasteful to evaluate the exactness for early dengue illness expectation. The recommended framework is to build up an application for Smart Prognosis Dengue (SPD) Model for AI development to foresee constant Dengue illness. It will continue with unmistakable AI approaches going from basic classifiers like Decision Tree, Logistic Regression. Thus, the Logistic Regression Algorithm gives the most extreme exactness precision will analyse for the dengue expectation. By utilizing both the equipment and programming setup, it joins the AI ideas with the expectation calculation and furthermore gives the framework can be altered to produce risk alert and area explicit forecasts. A. Divya, S. Lavanya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194834 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 An Survey on Breast Cancer in Machine Learning https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194835 <strong>Context:</strong> With the fast development of information in biomedical and social insurance networks, it has been a troublesome assignment to separate learning rapidly from accessible information. Breast cancer ahead of time can diminish the hazard rate of life; numerous investigations have demonstrated the relationship of AI calculations in various malady expectation. As health care needs timely and accurate performance for diagnosis, we are making use of data for better understanding about stage of cancer, prediction, effective decision making, maintenance of breast cancer record, organizing structured and unstructured data to give accurate results. This paper summarizes a traditional survey and the importance of dataset in health care machine learning can be implied. Martina Jose Mary M., Umadevi S. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194835 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Health of the Elderly in India:A Socio-Legal Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194836 <strong>Context:</strong> To study the health and social problems of the elderly and their attitude towards life. Materials and Method: Descriptive study carried out in the Field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine in South India. A total of 213 elderly patients (60 years old and above) who attended the outreach clinics were interviewed using a pre-tested schedule. Findings were described in terms of proportions and percentages to study the socio-economic status of the samples and its correlation to social problems. Results: Around 73% of the patients belonged to the age group of 60-69 years old. Nearly half of the respondents were illiterate. Around 48% felt they were not happy in life. A majority of them had health problems such as hypertension followed by Arthritis, Diabetes, Asthma, Cataract, and Anemia. About 68% of the patients said that the attitude of people towards the elderly was that of neglect. Arti , J. K. Mittal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194836 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Rhythmic Chopping & Lifting Pattern on Shoulder Range of Motion and Upper Extremity Functional Index in Post:Mastectomy Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194837 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> T o determine the effect of Rhythmic chopping &amp; lifting pattern on shoulder range of motion in Post-mastectomy patients.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A total 40 subjects were taken according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each subject was assessed by using Shoulder goniometry and UEFI questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> A statistical analysis showed that Rhythmic chopping and lifting PNF exercises showed significant improvement in the outcome variables concluding that it improves shoulder ROM and functional activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Analysis of all the data obtained through the outcome measures (UEFI Questionnaire and shoulder ROM) shows that Rhythmic chopping and lifting PNF exercises showed significant improvement in the outcome variables concluding that it improves shoulder ROM and functional activities.</p> Aishwarya Bulbule, T. Poovishnu Devi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194837 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Current Research in Neuropathology and Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s Disease:A Review https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194838 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a category of neurological degeneration generally seen in elderly people which is reflected by memory loss and affecting daily living activities.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The data has been accessed from scopus, pubmed, science-direct and google-scholar which is included in this article. The literature provide the information about pathological alterations of Alzheimer disease emphasizing on formation of neuritic plaques, beta amyloid protein, neurofibrillary tangle and also updates therapeutics used in Alzheimer’s disease including cholinesterase inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, secretase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal drugs and other naturals.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The research on neuropathology and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease are determinants of this study. The pathophysiology, diagnosis using biomarkers and therapeutics of disease has been summarized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The aim of this review paper is to focus on how diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease useful for researchers engaged in the experimental research.</p> Amit Yadav, Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay, Manish Kumar, Vishal Kumar Vishwakarma, A. Pandurangan, Pradeep Mishra https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194838 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Prevalence of Thalassemia among Reproductive Age Group Women of Central Gujarat https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194839 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Thalassemia is one of serious genetic blood disorder. To know about its suffering during or before child bearing to female will be great help to manage married life and can avoid children morbidity or disability. Objective: study aimed to now prevalence of thalassemia among reproductive age group of females.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Cross-sectional research design used to follow this prevalence from September 2018 to December 2018 among reproductive age group females of central part of Gujarat. House to house survey conducted by using predesigned, validated questionnaire to collect base-line information and blood sample collected and analyzed to know presence of thalassemia. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20 (Trial). Proportion, chi-square statistical tests used to know finding and interpret it.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The overall prevalence of thalassemia among reproductive age group female is 3.679% which is almost nearer to India’s prevalence of thalassemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Prevalence of thalassemia is higher in India especially in rural area where people having lack of knowledge about diseases.</p> Anil Sharma, Vipin Vageriya, Vipin Vageriya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194839 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Obesity among Women https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194840 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is a state throughout that there’s a generalized buildup of humoring fat among the body, leading to a weight of quite two hundredth of the essential weight. Fatness invites disability, disease and premature death.[1] Women are vulnerable to becoming overweight because of inadequate resources for physical activity, healthy food choices and family demands.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> </p><p>. To review the prevalence of obesity among women.</p><p>2. To determine risk factors of obesity among women.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong> A Quantitative approach with descriptive survey design was adopted for this present study. It was conducted among 300 adult women aged 20-60 years of selected wards of Athirampuzha Panchayat using simple random sampling method. BMI was calculated by WHO Asian classification and risk assessment check list was used to identify risk factors. Odd’s ratio was used to examine association between obesity and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Prevalence of obesity was 24.3%.It was found that 66.2% of women were housewives. Common risk factors of obesity identified among women were consumption of bakery items (40%), family history and history of hypothyroidism (23.3%), excessive intake of fried item (35%), lack of exercise (34%), retained weight gain in relation to pregnancy (26.6%). Odds ratio shows significant positive association between obesity and risk factors [ OR&gt; 1].</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Enhancing knowledge regarding regular physical activity and healthy dietary practices would obviously decrease the risk factors of obesity which would turn improve the health status of the women.</p> Anju Kayathri S., Lucyamma C. V. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194840 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assess the Knowledge and Risk Factors among Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Antenatal Mothers https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194841 Background of the Study: Hypertension, complicating 5-10% of all pregnancies worldwide, is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. The control of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) appears difficult to achieve. Part of the reason for poor control of hypertension in these women might be limited PIH self-care knowledge. Objective: to assess the knowledge and risk factors of PIH among antenatal mothers and to find out the association between knowledge and risk factors with selected demographic variables. Materials and Method: Study was conducted on 110 antenatal mothers attending in Gynecologic OPD, AIMS, Kochi, Kerala. The research design used was non experimental descriptive design. Result: The present study reveals that more than half of the mothers (63.6%) had average knowledge regarding PIH. Half of the mothers had the risk factors of family history of hypertension (50%) and followed by 32.7% had the habit of high non vegetarian food intake. A statistically significant association was observed for education and knowledge and comorbidities and knowledge of antenatal mothers. Significant association was found in risk factors and comorbidities of antenatal mothers. Conclusion: The finding of the study shows that antenatal mothers had average knowledge related to PIH. Health care providers should implement the focused health education programme during antenatal visit Aswathy Krishnan S., Anju Philip T., Syama Mohan, Reshma Saji https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194841 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Empowerment among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194843 <p><strong>Context:</strong> TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS is one of the most serious health concerns and policy agendas around the world. Diabetes is strongly associated with the patients’ unhealthy lifestyle and behavioural patterns and socio-economic changes. New model of thinking is required to recognize whether the patients are in control of and responsible for the daily self-management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A descriptive study was conducted for a period of 4 weeks in 2018 in AIMS hospital. Objective is to assess the level empowerment among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, to find the association between Diabetes Empowerment Scale and selected variable. Method Data were collected by using Diabetes Empowerment Scale(DES). Collected data was analysed by using IBS SPSS software version 20.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> A quantitative research approach with convenience sampling technique was used for study the setting of the study was the sample size of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient selected. A semistructured questionnaire used to assess demographic data and diabetes empowerment scale used to assess empowerment among type 2 Diabetic Patient.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> A sample size of 150 was available for analysis, ranging from 20 years to above with 43% of the subjects belongs to the age group above 65 years and majority are females. Using, diabetes empowerment scale, each domains of ‘managing the psychosocial aspects of diabetes, assessing dissatisfaction and readiness to change and setting and achieving diabetes goal were measured and scored for each patient. The Data analysis revealed a statistical significance in age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Using the empowerment approach, healthcare professional would help patients make informed decision in accordance with their particular circumstance.</p> Bency Bhasy, Linda Varghese, Sreekutty C. S., Sreepadma P. K. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194843 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Improvement of Diabetic Patients’ Knowledge Regarding Foot Problems:An Intervention Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194842 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Many diabetic patients are affected by diabetic foot, a devastating and potentially fatal condition mostly due to lack of knowledge of foot care.</p><p><strong>Aim of the Study:</strong> To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention program on patient’s knowledge about diabetes and foot care. Subjects and Method: This quasi-experimental study was carried out at the Diabetes and outpatient clinics of Beni-Suef University hospitals on a convenience sample of 158 adult diabetic patients. An interview questionnaire was used to collect data on patient’s socio-demographic and diabetes characteristics and patient’s health habits, in addition to, knowledge questionnaire and diabetic foot screening format which used to assess foot condition.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The sample had an equal gender distribution, and mostly had intermediate education (41.1%), with 52.5% having their diabetes for less than five years, 77.2% had one or more abnormal physical finding in foot assessment. Overall, 32.9% had satisfactory knowledge before the intervention, and this significantly increased to 90.5% after the intervention (p&lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, the study intervention was the main positive predictor of the knowledge score change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and Recommendations:</strong> A patient’s education program is effective in improving patients’ knowledge about diabetes and diabetic foot. It should be widely used in educating diabetic patients. A longer term study is proposed to investigate the impact of knowledge improvement on prevention of diabetic foot.</p> Aziza M. Abozeid, Abeer M. El Maghwery, Gehan A. Gamal, Reda D.H. Awad, Ahmed Y. Ismaeel https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194842 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessments of Pre:Competetitive Psychological Variables Between South Zone Volleyball Players and Baskertball Male Players https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194844 <strong>Context:</strong> The purpose of the study was to find out assessments of pre-competitive anxiety between volleyball players and basketball south zone male players. To achieve the purpose forty subjects were selected SRM IST Chennai. The age ranged between 18 to 25 years male players. The competitive state anxiety inventory II Burton (1990) questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of III dimension, Cognitive anxiety, stress and self-confidence. This study showed that anxiety is required to measure the performance during competition. To compare pre-competitive anxiety between volleyball players and basketball south zone male players. Unpairedt-test was employed with the help of statistical packages of SPSS. To test the significant level was set as 0.05 level. The results showed that there was insignificance difference on Cognitive anxiety, stress and self-confidence between volleyball players and basketball players. C. P. Ampili, M. Rajashekaran, M. Senthilkumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194844 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study to Find the Prevalence of Breast Engorgement among Lactating Mothers https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194845 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Breast engorgement problem was common in early days and also after weeks of breast feeding. This frequent problem can happen to lactating mother who don’t or can’t breast feed as well as those who do. It is usually caused by an imbalance between milk supply and infant demand, if engorgement left untreated it can lead to potentially serious issues including painful blebs, plugged milk ducts or mastitis.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> The study aimed to find out the prevalence of breast engorgement among lactating mothers with vaginal delivery, Lower segmental caesarean section.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> A total of 90 women were selected from SaveethaHospital and Saveetha Rural Health Centre, based on the inclusion criteria Saveetha Hospital and Saveetha Rural Health Centre, based on the inclusion criteria of Lactating mothers with Breast Engorgement and pain for atleast 2-3 days who underwent vaginal delivery or lower segmental caesarean section. Exclusion criteria were lactating mothers with soft breast and non lactating mothers and other breast problems. After getting the consent from mothers and after explaining the Six Point Self-rated Engorgement Scale(SPES) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). They were asked to rate their level of engorgement and pain. The materials used were VAS and SPES.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The study showed that the prevalence of breast engorgement among lactating mothers was 65%-75%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concluded that the prevalence of breast engorgement among lactating mothers was 65%-75%. Breast engorgement is a major issue in the lactating mothers can leads to many problems like blocked milk ducts, feeding difficulties, a depressed milk ejection reflex, infection, inflammation of the breast and sore/cracked nipples.</p> D. Indrani, M. V. Sowmya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194845 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Depression & Diabetes Has No Relation:A Cross Sectional Study in Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194846 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes and depression is a growing concern now a day. Both have bidirectional relation. But few studies showed no association between two. Here we tried to find out whether there is any association between two.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> 96 patients were recruited in the study. They were assessed by structured interview by trained psychiatrist and diagnosed by ICD 10 diagnostic criteria. Severity of disease was assessed by Beck depression inventory (BDI).</p><p>Blood sugar was assessed by Fasting and Postprandial blood sugar and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c).</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The p value of FBS, PPBS and HbA1c was 0.91, 0.957, 0.957 respectively. It signifies that in our study the two diseases have no association. Most of the patients were female and male to female ratio was 1 : 2. Mean age of the patients were 40.9 ± 12.2 .30 patients were single which suggest that in our study depressive disorder were more common in married population. And most of the patients were unemployed about 54.167 percent people had no job.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In our cross sectional study we did not find any significant association between depression and diabetes.</p> Datta Subhendu, Chattopadhyay Somsubhra, Gayen Rumi, Debnath Sharmistha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194846 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidities in Migraine:An Observational Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194847 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Migraine is a chronic episodic moderate to severe throbbing headache having many psychiatric co morbidities. Current study aims to detect epidemiology of psychiatric co morbidities in migraine.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Patient aged 11-65 years selected by International classification of headache 3rd edition to have migraine. SRQ-24 and ICD-10 criteria was applied to detect psychiatric co morbidities.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> Anxiety was found to be prime co morbidity followed by depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Treating co morbidities may improve disease condition.</p> Datta Subhendu, Chattopadhyay Somsubhra https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194847 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Economic Slow Down and it’s Impact on Disease Burden in India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194848 <strong>Context:</strong> Fall in employment, growth, incomes and investments are the more visible and obvious ill effects of an economic slowdown but there are far reaching impacts of an economic slowdown that aren’t so immediate and visible. The aim of this study is to assess how these economic downturns have dented the health outcomes in India since 1990. We assess the non-fatal outcomes of public health using the morbidity measure DALY( Disability adjusted life years) caused by economic slowdown. We find that rise in income led to reduction in communicable, maternal, neo natal and nutrition diseases (CMNNDs) while it led to an increase in injuries and non-communicable diseases. An increase in unemployment was associated with an increase in disease burden for CMNNDs, non-communicable disease and injuries. Economic slowdown puts the people in a vulnerable position as loss of income and employment lead to increase in disease burden. The public health policy especially in developing nations must focus on social security protection to prevent such negative health outcomes during an economic slowdown. Divya A. Reddy, Siddharth Misra, Subin Koshy, Sudhakar A. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194848 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Self Myofascial Release Using Foam Roller Versus Tennis Ball in Subjects with Plantar Fasciitis:A Comparative Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194849 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Plantar fasciitis is a repetitive micro trauma overloaded injury of the attachment of plantar fascia at the inferior aspect of the calcaneum. It results into inflammation and thickening of the fascia causing heel pain. Myofascial release (MFR)is a manual therapy technique which can be used to release the tension developed in the thickened fascia. Self-Myofascial Release (SMFR) can be given with a variety of tools such as foam rollers and tennis ball. They are easy, harmless and cost effective method of giving SMFR. However, the efficacy of the technique in plantar fasciitis is not yet clear.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the effect of SMFR technique using foam roller and tennis ball in subjects with plantar fasciitis.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Thirty-twoeligible patients were recruited for the study. They were allocated into either group A (n = 16) and group B (n=16). Group A was given SMFR with Foam roller and group B was given SMFR with tennis ball. The intervention was given for 2 weeks (5 days/week). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) outcome measures were taken both at baseline and after 2 weeks of intervention.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Both group A and group B showed significant improvement in VAS and FADI after two weeks of interventions (p value &lt;0.05). However between groups comparison were statistically insignificant (p value&gt;0.05) for both the outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study concludes that SMFR with both foam roller and tennis ball showed improvement in pain and muscle function i.e. both interventions were equally effective. Neither of the method was found superior than the other.</p> Fahad Shahul Hameed, Saumya Srivastava https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194849 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study on the Impact of Demonetization on Utilisation of Private Health Care Services in a South Indian City https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194850 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Private sector plays a key role in India’s healthcare system. The demonetization of Rs.500 and Rs.2000 currency notes on 8<sup>th</sup> November 2016 had a great effect on the Indian economy as well as day-to day lives. Hence this study was aimed at assessing the impact of demonetization on utilization of private healthcare services in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong> This was a health-facility based cross-sectional study. Ten health facilities were involved and 200 study subjects from these facilities were interviewed using a pre-designed and validated questionnaire. The respondents’ characteristics, their utilization of health services and overall experience with regard to healthcare was included in the questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> When asked about the overall experience, 27pc of respondents said they were not affected, 49.5pc said they were affected but felt it tolerable, and 23pc said they were severely affected and suffered. 33.5pc of the respondents have postponed their visits to the health facility due to cash shortage. This was mostly seen in low income groups. Only 35pc of the respondents were willing to use credit/debit cards for cashless transactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Majority of respondents felt their healthcare was affected by demonetization but it was tolerable. The low income groups had highest impact. The penetration of cashless payments in private healthcare was very poor.</p> Vijay K. Yalanchmanchili, N. Partha Sarathy, U. Vijaya Kumar, M. Ravi Kiran, Kalapala Abhilash https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194850 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Impact of Learning Opportunities in Preparing Dental Students for Their Profession https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194851 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The emphasis in outcome-based education is on the outcomes or the products, and in the context of a medical or dental school, the kind of doctors and dentists it produces becomes the outcome. The young doctors and dentists coming out of these schools need to possess the competencies to practice in an increasingly complex healthcare scenario with changing patient and public expectations. The choice of learning opportunities (teaching-learning method) should be aligned and oriented towards achieving the expected learning outcomes. The current study established the links between learning opportunities and the expected learning outcomes in dental physiology curriculum through curriculum mapping.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Learning opportunities were linked to expected learning outcomes by examining the conduct of each of them. Moreover, students’ and teachers’ views were obtained through focus group discussions and interviews.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> It what learning opportunities provided to students in the form of lectures, problembased learning and practical sessions served its purpose of achievement of expected learning outcomes. Furthermore, valuable suggestions on the improvement of the existing learning opportunities were obtained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study, therefore, confirmed the link between the learning opportunities and expected learning outcomes.</p> Asha Vashe, Vasudha Devi, Raghavendra Rao, Reem Rachel Abraham https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194851 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Home Remedies and Health Care Seeking Behavior among Care Takers of Under-5 Children in Rural Field Practice area of a Medical College: Focus Group Discussion https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194852 . Cheluve Gowda G. K., Savitha Rani B. B., Krishna Iyengar, Venkatesh P. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194852 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Breast Cancer Screening:Are ‘At Risk Population’ Known by Public Health Nurse Practitioners? https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194853 Introduction: Health care providers, especially Public Health Nurse who come in regular contact with women, can play an important role in providing the information regarding breast cancer. Hence this study is undertaken to assess the knowledge of risk factors associated with breast cancer and screening for breast cancer among Public Health nurse practitioners. Method: This is a cross-sectional study designed to assess the Knowledge of risk factors associated with breast cancer and screening for breast cancer among Public Health nurse practitioners working in the Health centres of Dept of Community Medicine of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences. All (30) Public Health nurse practitioners in the Seven Primary care facilities participated in the study. Results: Fourteen percent of Public Health Nurse knew that most common cancer among women was breast cancer. However, 43% were aware that the obesity increased the risk of developing breast cancer. Whereas 60% were aware that nulliparity was a risk factor for developing breast cancer and 43% said having 2 or more children decreased the risk of developing breast cancer. However, 33% knew breast feeding was protective against breast cancer. Moreover, early menstruation and late menarche were known to be risk factors by 20% each, and 33% knew physical activity could be a preventive factor for Breast cancer. 96% were aware that a lump in the breast was a sign of breast cancer and 56% said discharge from the nipple was also a sign of cancer in the breast. All 100% knew that Breast Self-Examination was a screening method and only 20% were aware that clinical examination was also a method for identification of breast cancer. Conclusion: District Health Authorities should periodically train public health nurses to improve their knowledge regarding risk factors, early signs and symptoms of breast cancer and method of cancer screening. This intern would help them to educate, suspect, and detect the breast cancer among the risk population at the earliest. G. M. Venkatesh, https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194853 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Efficacy and Feasibility of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Hand Opening in Stroke Individuals:A Case Series https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194854 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Stroke is a leading cause of death all across the globe, and hand impairment after the stroke is inevitable. The hand dysfunctions are the primary cause of disability, and dependency is stroke patients. Thus it is very imperative to address the condition. PNF is a proved treatment to be useful for the weakened muscles and even for the stroke.</p><p><strong>Aim/Objective:</strong> The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of PNF techniques on hand opening in stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Three patients were treated with stroke and inability to open hands, were treated with PNF techniques for four weeks. All three patients recovered with the treatment, and they were able to open their hands fully or partially.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study concludes that PNF techniques are effective for hand opening in stroke individuals.</p> Maitri Rajyaguru, Sukumar S. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194854 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Knowledge and Perception Regarding Menopause among Married Women https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194855 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Menopause is one of the mile stones in women’s life that all women at midlife are expected to experience.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To assess the knowledge and perception of married women regarding menopause, and to find out the association between the knowledge and perception of married women regarding menopause with selected demographic variables.</p><p><strong>ethodology:</strong> A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 140 married women between the age group of 45-55 years. The study was conducted in two villages which were selected by simple random sampling from Udupi Taluk, Karnataka. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and perception scale towards menopause. Data were analysed by using inferential and descriptive statistics.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 140 married women the data shows that majority of women belongs to the age group of 45- 50 years and their mean age was 48.26 years and SD 2.359. Most 106(76.4%) of the women had a history of regular menstrual cycle and 138(98.6%) had no history of any gynaecological illness during the data collection. Majority of the married women 120(85.7%)had average knowledge on menopause. Among 140 married women most 111(79.3%) of them had good perception. There is significant association between knowledge score and education (χ<sup>2</sup> =25.680, p =0.008) and income (χ<sup>2</sup> =11.071, p = 0.027).There is weak positive correlation between the knowledge and perception was observed (r = 0.212, p = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Awareness regarding menopause is very essential and should not be neglected. Assessing the knowledge and perception regarding menopause will help them to cope up with the changes that take place during this stage.</p> Amitha , Malathi G. Nayak, Pratibha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194855 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Prosthetic Status and Demand for Services in an Adult Rural Population in Relation to Dental Service Infrastructure in Mangalore Taluk, South India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194856 <strong>Context:</strong> Oral health can be considered as an indicator of general health and quality of life. Planning dental services is therefore the collection of up to date information on the prevalence of oral health status in a given population.<strong> Aims</strong>: This study was conducted to assess prosthetic status and demands for services among the rural population in Mangalore Taluk. <strong>Method and Material:</strong> A cross sectional survey was carried out on 1312 participants aged 18 years and above. Sixteen gram panchayats were selected and asurvey was conducted to determine the prosthetic status and prosthetic need. <strong>Results:</strong> Complete denture prosthesis was predominantly high among the age groups above 61. Removable partial denture was predominantly high among the age groups 31-45. Fixed partial denture was high among age groups 46-60. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Irrespective of the age, gender and education the need for Multi unit prosthesis was found to be significantly high. Mallika S. Shetty, Uma Mayoor Prabhu, Prakyath Malli, Rekha Shenoy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194856 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation of Intrusive Forces Created by ‘V’ Bend, Intrusion Arches at Various Deflections: An Invitro Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194857 <strong>Aim:</strong> To evaluate of intrusive forces created by ‘v’ bend, intrusion arches at various deflections- an invitro study. <strong>Objective:</strong> The present study is to consider the importance of alloy used as intrusion arches. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> We used stainless steel wires, timolium wires, CNA Beta 3. Wires (Libral,USA), blue elgiloy all with rectangular section of dimension 0.017 x 0.025 inch, 15 numbers each. Arch forms are standardized with the help of arch form selector guide. Three distances from vestibule to bracket slot in upper anteriors were marked. Trials were conducted at the CIPET (Central Institute Of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai) and a dynamometer (Autograph, U.K) with 1kgf load cell at 0.01kgf resolution and speed of 10mm/min7. The load magnitude at various displacements (5, 10, 15 mm) were recorded. <strong>Statistical Method:</strong> The significance level of 5% was taken. ANOVA was used for assessing the force of all the alloys and Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons. <strong>Results:</strong> The forces recorded at 5, 10, and 15 mm were all significant between the four alloys when compared except for CNA and timolium between 5 mm and 10 mm and for blue elgiloy between 10 mm and 15 mm were not statistically significant.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> The load increments tends to decrease from the first to last increment, and the differences is being more significant from the first increment to the second increment for all the alloys, and more significant in stainless steel and the blue elgiloy. CNA produced the least force. Manikandan S., Deepak Chandra, Gnanashanmugam K., Sasidharan Sivakumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194857 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Autistic Spectrum Disorder-Contextual Paediatric Global Updates https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194858 Autistic spectrum disorders are the complex neurological conditions resulting in impaired social interaction, difficulty in understanding verbal and non-verbal communication. Caring for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is challenging for both children and their caregivers. Paediatric autistic population have restricted stereotyped behavioural conditions thus resulting in psychological distress, depression, anxiety and other physical health problems among caregivers. The Autistic spectrum disorder uplifts its effect in the early 2.5-3years and continues thereafter till the child turns to an adult. Moreover, many caregivers face severe financial crises, given high out-of-pocket health care expenses, unemployment. Certain set of researches conducted reported plethora of psychosocial problems affecting caregivers of children with autism, ranging from stress, depression, anxiety, restrictions of activities, strain in marital relationships and diminished physical health. The paper aims to discuss the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder that is increasing due to altered environmental changes, genetic pre-disposition and inability to maintain regularity in antenatal services. Further more, altered quality of life of the caregivers will also be discussed along with exploration of their concerns while dealing with special children. Manmeet Kaur, Harmeet Kaur https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194858 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Nurse-Patient Strategy in Care of Patients with PIVC and its Clinical Outcomes https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194859 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Peripheral Intra-Venous Cannulation (PIVC) is the second most common invasive procedure performed on in-patients, with an estimated 80% of patients requiring a peripheral cannula and about 69% of PIVC insertions were failed due to occlusion, infiltration, phlebitis and dislodgement. <strong>Aims:</strong> To assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive nurse-patient strategy in the care of PIVCs on clinical outcome. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> A quasi-experimental, post-test-only design was used. 30 subjects from each groups, i.e experimental and control group, were observed for development of PIVC complications. Education was provided to nurses and patients in the experimental group regarding how to prevent the early removal of PIVCs. The obtained data were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics to compare the clinical outcomes among the groups. <strong>Result:</strong> The results shows that there is significant difference was observed in duration of PIVCs. Among the experimental group, after implementation of the Nurse-Patient Strategy, 66.66% of the PIVCs stayed more than three days (72 hours) whereas in the control group it was 40%. The pain and swelling were mostly observed complications in PIVC. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A comprehensive nurse-patient strategy has proved effective to increase the practice of flushing PIVCs, which in turn improves their indwelling period. Mathew Romeo, B. Sulochana, Nayak Malathi G. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194859 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Healthcare Rights of the Mentally Ill:Awareness among Healthcare Providers https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194860 <strong>Background:</strong> Enjoyment of the human right to health is vital to all aspects of a person’s life and wellbeing. Since the origin of human civilization, mentally ill patients have received the scant amount of care and concern for the community. For centuries, as a result of this, the rights of mentally ill have been abused and ignored. Psychiatric hospitals, informal healing centre and family homes reported that low- income countries neglect the mentally ill patient. Various initiatives exemplify a top down approach to promoting human rights which historically has had limited impact at the level of those living with mental illness and their families. Human rights are an important component for effectiveness in care. The health caregivers and the medical and nursing interns must know the rights of a mentally ill person; and should support, protect and meet their health needs. So, there is need to know whether the health caregivers are aware of the human rights of the patients who are mentally ill. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To assess the awareness regarding the Healthcare Rights and General rights of the mentally ill among health care providers. <strong>Method:</strong> The study was conducted in a medical college and hospital in Mangalore. The Survey method was used to collect the data. The study population was professionals and medical and nursing interns taking care of mentally ill. The Sample size was 154. Purposive sampling technique was used. The data were collected using structured questionnaires after which it was analysed using frequency, percentage, chi-square test, fishers exact test. <strong>Result and Conclusions:</strong> Results show moderate awareness. Hence, it is recommended that the health care providers should be given more awareness regarding the human rights of the mentally ill. Melisha Nichol Lobo, Sweta D’Cunha, Sucharitha Suresh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194860 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Added Effect of Deep Breathing and Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise in Upper Abdominal Surgery Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194861 “Added Effect of Deep Breathing and Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise in Upper Abdominal Surgery Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial” <strong>Background:</strong> PPC complication like at elect as is, reduced lung capacity, secretions, etc. are the most common complications seen in the patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery patients. Literature suggests that deep breathing and diaphragmatic breathing exercise is effective in reducing these complications. <strong>Aim:</strong> To evaluate the added effect of deep breathing and diaphragmatic breathing exercise in upper abdominal surgery patients. <strong>Method/Design:</strong> Thirty six patients with upper abdominal surgery were randomised into 3 groups by block randomization opaque sealed envelope method. Group A, B and C were given diaphragmatic breathing, deep breathing and combined deep and diaphragmatic breathing exercises respectively. Outcomes were taken on post-operative day 2 and day 7 for pulmonary function test (FVC, FEV1), chest expansion measurement with inch tape, and AMPAC6-click scale. <strong>Results:</strong> Between the groups analysis using ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in pre-and post-values (&gt;0.05). Within the group analysis using paired t- test showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the pre-and post-vales of chest expansion measurement and AMPAC scale but not in pulmonary function test. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We concluded that combine application of diaphragmatic breathing and deep breathing exercise did not yield a statistically significant improvement but diaphragmatic breathing and the deep breathing exercise can be given individually. This gave a significant improvement in the post-operative pulmonary complication in the upper abdominal surgery. Mistry Nirali, Saumya Srivastava https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194861 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Review Study on Pharmaceutical Inventory Management & Store Keeping Practices of Pharmacy in Rural Hospitals https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194862 <strong>Background:</strong> In pharmacy operations, inventory is referred to as the stock of pharmaceutical products retained to meet future demand. Inventory represents the largest asset in pharmacy practice, and its value continues to rise because of the growth in variety and cost pharmaceutical products. From both financial and operational perspectives, efficient inventory management plays a great role in pharmacy practice. Ensuring medicines availability is an important goal for health system as medicines are an important building block in the health system. Essential medicines are defined by the WHO as those medicines which respond to the most pertinent health needs of a population. These medicines are the foundation for most public health programmes that are aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality. WHO states that essential medicines should be available at all times. The consequences of medicine unavailability are widespread and can have detrimental effects on individual and public. Unplanned treatment interruptions could lead to an increase in resistance for example to antimicrobials and antivirals which can have the ripple effect of switching to more costly treatment and interventions. Patients may have to travel to alternative facilities including the private sector facilities to source medicines. This may be costly and becomes a barrier to accessing medicines. Therefore to ensure uninterrupted availability of medicines, inventory management system of medicines has been upgraded from paper based to computer and web-based system. Monalisa Debbarma, Usha Rani https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194862 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Circuit Training and Weight Training on Selected Physiological Variables and Running Performances among University Athletes https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194863 The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of circuit training and weight training on selected physiological variable among university athletes. To achieve the purpose of the present study, forty five (n=45) University athletes from Chennai, Tamilnadu, India were selected as subjects at random and their ages ranged from 18 to 21 years. The experimental group endured the training activities for 12 weeks with a schedule of six days whereas the control group remained with no activities. The subjects were tested prior to and after the experimentation on vo2 max The obtained data from the experimental and control groups of initial and final readings were statistically analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). To find out difference between experimental and control group at the level of significance was set at 0.05. It was proved that there was a significant difference existing on circuit training group on selected physiological variable among university athletes. N. Kalaiarasan, N.C. Jesus Rajkumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194863 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Assessment of Suppression in Anisometropia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194864 Anisometropia is dissimilarity between the power between the two eyes that occurs in one or both principal meridian.<sup>[1]</sup> This becomes clinically significant when its magnitude reaches approximately 1D in either or both of the principal meridians.<sup>[3]</sup> When two eyes forms two non uniform images due to differences in power of both eye which leads to retinal rivalry. Suppression is an active inhibitory mechanism from the brain to reduce retinal rivalry.<sup>[18]</sup> Total 50 subjects of age groups 5-19 yrs were undergone both objective and subjective refraction with anterior and posterior segment evaluation. After that worth four dot test was done on each patient from near to far. (40cm- 4m). For evaluation Log Marchart, Heine retinoscope, worth four- dot torch,slit-lamp was used. Analysis of subjects showed that suppression is lesser in myopic group than hyperopic. The degree of suppression in anisometropia, their mean and SD in NA(0.57±0.62) and AA(1.2±1.18) respectively (P&lt;0.01) be statistically significant .The mean and SD of angle of suppression in hyperopia (1±0.9), myopia (1.02±1.25) degree respectively(p&gt;0.001) was statistically non significant. The mean and SD of differences in refractive error (DRE) in hyperopia (3.1±1.23),myopia (-2.72±1.03) and angle of suppression in each groups hyperopic(0.99±.91) and myopic groups (1.04±1.24) respectively (p&lt;0.001) was statistically significant. However suppression is found in Amblyopia cases with greater visual acuity than refractive error. Difference in refractive power show Statistical significance in suppression as their degree of anisometropia increases. Namrata Pandey, Renu Thakur https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194864 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Proficiency, Perspective and Practice Regarding Plagiarism among Dental Professionals of Three Dental Colleges of Western Chhattisgarh:A Cross Sectional Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194865 <strong>Aim &amp; Objectives:</strong> To determine and compare knowledge, attitude and practice regarding plagiarism among faculties and postgraduates of dental colleges of Western Chhattisgarh. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 198 dental professionals of 3 dental colleges in Western Chhattisgarh. The study was conducted for a duration of 1 month using self- structured close ended questionnaire consisting 43 items, assessing knowledge, attitude and practice to collect data regarding plagiarism. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Kruskawallis test were applied to analyse data. <strong>Results:</strong> In the present study out of 198 study participants 87 were males and 111 were females. The Mean knowledge of postgraduates, BDS and MDS faculties were 9.38 ± 3.9, 9.64 ± 3.9 and 12.8 ± 3.6 respectively. The mean attitude of postgraduates, BDS and MDS faculties were 0.95 ± 2.0, 1.78 ± 3.2 and 1.91 ± 3.0 while mean practice of postgraduates, BDS and MDS faculties were 3.9 ± 1.6, 4.9 ± 0.9 and 4.91 ± 1.3 respectively. Intergroup comparison of knowledge among faculties in different specialities was found to be significant (p≤0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study concluded that knowledge, attitude and practices regarding plagiarism among the postgraduates was found to be less as compared to faculties. Naveen N., Sudha Suman, Yunus G.Y., Ram Tiwari, Abhinav Patel, Heena Sahni https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194865 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Palateless Complete Denture:A Minimally Invasive Approach to Preventive Case https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194866 <strong>Background:</strong> Tooth loss due to caries and various other consequences, can cause simple loss of function to long term deleterious effects on the remaining residual bone, oral proprioception, temporomandibular joints and facial appearance. <strong>Case Description:</strong> A 33 year old female patient with Kennedy’s class I edentulism in both the arches with just three teeth remaining in maxilla has been treated with attachment retained maxillary palateless overdenture and mandibular removable partial denture. The maxillary teeth 11 21 23 were endodontically treated and a short coping with rhein 83 attachment were cemented and a maxillary overdenture over this was fabricated. This was opposed by mandibular partial denture. This case report attempts to prevent the remaining teeth in the oral cavity and gives a cost effective treatment option to the patient considering her financial status. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This case report emphasizes the use of preventive prosthodontics helping enhance the quality of life of patient Neha Chugh, Pradeep Sheriger, Aparna Ichalangod Narayan, Dhanasekar Balakrishnan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194866 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Trunk Control in Children with Spastic Diplegia:A Randomized Controlled Trial https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194867 <strong>Background:</strong> One of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder seen in children is Cerebral palsy and it is associated with lifelong disability. Impaired trunk control effects performances of daily life such as sitting, reaching and walking. It is evidenced from studies that pelvic asymmetry is common in children with CP. The PNF patterns of pelvis not only exercises the pelvic motion and stability, but also facilitates trunk motion and stability. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the effectiveness of pelvic PNF techniques on trunk control in children with spastic diplegia. Method/Design: 36 diplegic children irrespective of gender, age group between 8-15 years were recruited for the study. The intervention group received pelvic PNF along with the conventional therapy for 4 weeks. The control group received conventional physiotherapy in form of truncal exercises for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes used were TCMS and PALM.<strong> Results:</strong> The results showed that there is an improvement in the TCMS score after the application of pelvic PNF techniques on children with spastic diplegia. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Application of PNF along with conventional therapy helps in improving trunk control and reducing disability in children with spastic diplegia. Nimmy A., Sukumar Shanmugam, Shilna Rani P. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194867 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Revised Nursing Care Standard Operative Procedures on Knowledge & Practice Regarding Infant Feeding among Students of Selected Nursing College, Vadodara https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194868 <strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition has been responsible, directly or indirectly, for 60% of the 10.9 million deaths annually among children under 5. Well over two-thirds of these deaths, which are often associated with inappropriate feeding practices, occur during the first year of life. No more than 35% of infants worldwide are exclusively breastfed during the first four months of life; complementary feeding frequently begins too early or too late, and foods are often nutritionally inadequate and unsafe. Malnourished children who survive are more frequently sick and suffer the life-long consequences of impaired development.<strong> Method and Materials:</strong> Quantitative evaluatory approach with quasi experimental non randomized control group design including 40 students from BSc nursing in which 20 experimental and 20 control were selected as a sample with use of purposive sampling technique. To collect data self-structured questionnaire and practice checklist were administered. <strong>Results:</strong> The pre-test score of the experimental group the knowledge score mean % is 34.60% and the practice score mean % is 34.03% &amp; that in control group the knowledge score mean % is 38.33% and practice score mean % is 30.57%. In respondents 45% were having inadequate knowledge, 55% were having adequate knowledge &amp; no one were having excellent knowledge while in practice 80% were having poor practice, 20% were having adequate practice &amp; no one having good practice in providing infant feeding. The post test score of the experimental group the knowledge score mean percentage is 85.19% and the practice score mean % is 88.46% &amp; that in control group the knowledge score mean % is 36.91% and practice score mean % is 37.5. In respondents 27.5% were having inadequate knowledge, 22.5% were having adequate knowledge &amp; 55% were having excellent knowledge. And in practice 32.5% were having poor practice, 17.5% were having adequate practice &amp; 50% were having good practice in providing infant feeding.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> Administration of procedure regarding Standard operative procedure on infant feeding was effective as there is a significant difference in pre-test and post-test knowledge &amp; practice score. Nirmal Raj, Bhumika P. Parmar, Rajesh Joseph https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194868 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Biomedical Waste Management in Nursing Staff of a Private and a Government Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Comparative Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194869 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Biomedical waste is “Any waste which is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or during research” in a hospital. Improper disposal of hospital waste poses a major threat to the environment. Lack of proper management, awareness, insufficient resources and poor control of disposal of waste are the most pressing problems faced. <strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital waste management in nursing staffs and nursing assistants of a private and government tertiary care hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. <strong>Methodology:</strong> This is a cross sectional study done in a private and a government tertiary care teaching institute on 300 nursing staff (150 from each) using an orally administered structured questionnaire. The data were entered into excel and analysis was done. <strong>Result:</strong> Of the 150 participants from government hospital 71% had training in BMW management,82% knew where to report in case of a needle stick injury,61% perceived that they have adequate knowledge regarding BMW management,98% were willing to attend programmes regarding BMW. 73% had good knowledge regarding BMW management. 90% practice good management of BMW. Of the 150 participants from private hospital 81%had training in BMW management, 79%knew where to report in case of needle stick injury, 67% perceived that they have adequate knowledge regarding BMW management, 95% were willing to attend programs regarding BMW management. 74% had good knowledge. 85% practice good management of BMW. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The knowledge, attitude and practice of BMW management among nurses and nursing assistants of the private and the government hospital are found to be satisfactory. There is no significant difference (at p&lt;0.05) in the knowledge, attitude and practice of BMW management among the nurses and nursing assistants of both the hospitals. Nishitha K., Alice Matilda Mendez, Nisha B., Timsi Jain https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194869 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study to Find Out Strongest Predictive Factor for Functional Outcome After Stroke: An Exploratory Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194870 <strong>Background:</strong> Stroke is second commonest cause of death and fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Its recovery makes an important concern not only for the physiotherapists but for the entire rehabilitation team. <strong>Aim/Purpose:</strong> Stroke affects each patient variably and differently. All stroke patients who receive physiotherapy services may improve in function, rate and quality may vary. At present, there is no any objective method which tells expected prediction for recovery after stroke. So it becomes very important that there should be identification of different factors to predict recovery after stroke.<strong> Objective:</strong> To find out strength of association between different predictive factors and functional outcome of stroke patients. <strong>Setting:</strong> Different physiotherapy centres of Surat city. <strong>Method:</strong> Exploratory study was done in Surat city. Selection of stroke patients was done as per selection criteria. After ethical clearance, subjects were explained about the study. Informed consent forms were signed by the patient and/or relatives. Subjects selected by convenient sampling were assessed for different 21 factors and functional outcome by Modified Barthel Index Score was recorded for all patients. <strong>Participants:</strong> Total 125 male and female stroke patients. <strong>Main Outcome Measure:</strong> Modified Barthel Index Score. <strong>Results:</strong> Linear regression at confidence interval 95% was applied to find out strength of association between different predictive factors and post stroke functional outcome. Length of hospitalization was found as strongest predictive factor for functional outcome. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These findings may suggest that length of hospitalization is strongest factor for prediction of post stroke recovery. Ashish Dhirajlal Kakkad, Priyanshu V. Rathod https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194870 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Impact of Demographic Factors on the Ethical Conduct of Physicians in India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194871 The study focus on the various demographic characteristics related to physician’s practice related code of ethics in the healthcare sector which might help in upgrading the ethical standards to promote healthy medical care. The demographic characteristics of the physicians includes gender, age groups, work experience and education qualification. The target population was full time physicians from the with a sample size of 114, comprising of 56 male and 58 female respondents with age group 25-29 years, 30-34 years and above 34 years. To accomplish the objectives stratified random sampling technique was used. A standardized questionnaire was used to identify the practice related code of ethics of the physicians. The results revealed that there was a significant difference among various work experience and education qualification. Whereas, age and gender were found to have no significant difference regarding practice code of ethics. Therefore it is vital to change the attitude of physicians and have adequate knowledge and awareness about the ethical codes among all the stage of the medical process. Bishal Bhuyan, Shailendra Kumar, Sanghamitra Choudhury, Kinnori Kashyap https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194871 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Issues in India’s Healthcare System https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194872 India as the second most populous country of the world where more than 60% of its population rely on Agriculture and allied occupations, healthcare has remained the matter of concern. With a weak primary health sector, lack of skilled medical professionals, inadequacy of regulation for private hospitals, low public spending on health, fragmented health information system, rising cost of medical treatment in India, medical research in India having very little application and weak governance and accountability of the sector are the matters of great concern from the perspective of service delivery. The Supreme Court of India held healthcare as the fundamental right under article 21 of the constitution, but in practice, it has not been fundamentally right in India. Though Ayusman Bharat, is a well thought out project, intending healthcare for the masses, its delivery and sustainability is questionable. The paper is an attempt to discuss the problems inherent in the India’s healthcare system. Chandrakanta Sahoo, Himanshu Bhusan Mishra, Tanvi Chawda https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194872 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Pre-experimental Study to Assess the Effect of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge of Staff Nurses Regarding Hemodialysis in Selected Hospitals at Jaipur https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194873 The word dialysis derived from Greek word “dialusis”, meaning dissolution, “dia” meaning through, and “lysis” meaning loosening. Dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and is primarily used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure. Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function or for those with progressive but chronically worsening kidney function1. <strong>Purpose:</strong> Sometimes nurses fail to adopt modern or recent nursing care for the hemodialysis due to the lack of knowledge and ignorance for learning therefore, the investigators is challenged to explore the knowledge level of staff nurses is relation to hemodialysis with a view to develop a planned structured teaching. The investigator during his training period and clinical experience observed. Lack of desirable knowledge and any standardized protocols in the dialysis and related units. So, the need to develop a planned teaching programme on hemodialysis was felt for nursing staffs in selected hospital. <strong>Objectives:</strong> 1. To determine the level of knowledge of the staff nurses regarding haemodialysis measured by structured knowledge questionnaire. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme by comparing the pre and post knowledge score. 3. To determine the association between the pre-test knowledge score with selected demographic variable on hemodialysis among staff nurses.<strong> Methodology:</strong> The research design was Pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design, the setting chosen to conduct study was SMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan 203012. Sample size was 60;the sampling technique used was purposive sample technique. The staff nurses who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected as samples. The tool was submitted to seven experts of department of Medical Surgical Nursing and statistician and doctors. Experts were asked to give their opinions and suggestions about the content of tools. The interpretation of the score cut-off; Poor 0-40,Average 41-60, Good- 61-74 and very good 75 and above. The data gathered and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics method and interpretation is made on the basis of objectives of the study. <strong>Major Findings:</strong> The analysis of the study findings revealed that the pre-test mean was 16.02 with a standard deviation of 2.86 and the post-test mean was 23.88 with a standard deviation of 3.06. The tabulated value of score at 5% level of significance and 59 degrees of freedom is 2 and the table value was less than the calculated value (7.86). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study represents the significant gain in knowledge through the planned teaching Program. Thus it suggests that the STP has been effective in increasing the knowledge of staff nurses about hemodialysis. Christa Mathew https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194873 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study on Consumers’ Satisfaction Level towards Select Organic Food Products in Salem District of Tamil Nadu https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194874 The Organic Farming is carried out in 178 countries across the world at present. More than 90% of sales took place in North America and Europe. USA, Germany and France hold the highest share and Switzerland, Denmark and Luxembourg are the top three countries where the consumption per capita is the highest pertaining to organic foods as per the report given by the IFOAM. On the other hand, Asia Pacific market is growing rapidly at 29% and Projected as the fastest growing market. According to IFBL report, India has the largest number of organic food producers in the world. Increased health consciousness among people, food safety, environmental protection, and increase in the usage of organic and natural products are some of the key reasons for the expansion of this organic food markets. Organic food products are focused in developed countries because, the purchasing power of consumers are very high. Consumer satisfaction is a key indicator used to measure the customer loyalty and retention. So the researcher focused on the Consumers’ Satisfaction towards Select Organic Food Products in Salem District of Tamil Nadu. The population size of the study was 100 respondents from Salem district by using convenience sampling technique. The percentage analysis and chi-square analysis were applied for testing the data. Finally the researcher providing suitable suggestions and conclusion based on their results and findings from study. M. Suguna, D. Kamatchi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194874 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 An Empirical Relationship between Stress and Time Management of School Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194875 Time management is the main factor to reduce stress among the students. The main aim of this study is to find the factors causing stress among the students and impact of time management on stress. The researcher used regression analysis to find the result. Time management and stress are negatively correlated. Poor time management increase stress level to the students. The results shows that pressure of parents and pressure of teachers increase stress level than the other factors. D.S. Premalatha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194875 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Prevalence of Anemia among Higher Primary School Girls in Selected Urban and Rural Schools https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194876 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Anemia is one of the world’s most wide spread health problem having major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development and affecting both developing and developed countries 1. The body required increased amount of iron when growing rapidly and when frequent blood loss occurs through menstruation, hence adolescent girls are significantly high risk of developing iron deficiency. This is especially true for some adolescent girls who experience heavy blood loss during menstruation 2. <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine and compare the prevalence of anemia among higher primary school girls between urban and rural schools. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A descriptive comparative study was conducted among 450 (urban) and 450 (rural) school girls at higher primary schools, Belgaum, Karnataka. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the school girl children. Haemoglobin estimation was done by using Sahli’s method to determine anemia. <strong>Results:</strong> Higher prevalence of anemia was observed to be (90%) among rural higher primary school girl children compared to the urban (79.8%) counterpart. The occurrence of anemia reported through the study, was associated with age, class, religion of the child, parents’ occupation (p value&lt;0.05) in urban and rural higher primary school. In addition, there was also significant association was found between prevalence of anemia and type of diet, previous source of information, parents’ education, family income of participants (p value &lt;0.05) in rural school. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Present study showed higher anemia prevalence in rural school girl children compared to urban. Early intervention is utmost required by considering these factors along with the existing programs will help directly to overcome this issue. Dayanand V. Belagavi, Manju John https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194876 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Relative Effect of Conventional and Specific Hockey Skill Training on Selected Motor Fitness, Physiological Variables and Playing Ability of Hockey Players in Tamil Nadu https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194877 The purpose of the study was to study conventional and specific hockey skill training on Motor fitness, physiological and playing ability of Hockey players. There were selective three motor fitness and three physiological components which were used as a criterion measures for this study. For analysis the data and to find out the relationship between selective motor fitness, physiological and playing ability Pearson product moment correlationship was applied. Level of confidence was set at .05 levels. Firstly, selective motor fitness, Second, physiological components were evaluated. The result of the study clearly disclosed that specific hockey skill training has considerable relationship with the playing ability of Hockey players in SRM University, Tamil Nadu. On the basis of results and associated discussion it may be concluded that conventional training and playing ability had low correlation. There might be some reasons of the low correlation in the perspective of good scientific coaching. There was the possibility of the lack of coaching aspects, which shows clearly in the findings that the specific hockey skill training was less correlated with playing ability. K. Govarthanan, K. Vaithianathan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194877 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Yoga on Body Composition in Person with Visual Disabilities https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194878 <strong>Aim:</strong> The aims of this study were to determine the effect of selected yoga asanas on body composition of visually challenged School Going Children. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Total of 24 visually disabled male school going children (12 to 18 years) were participated as subjects in this study. It was divided into two equal groups as experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The experimental group was regularly practiced 15 minutes warming up and selected yogic asana for 45 minutes per day, 05 days per week, for 6 weeks with proper technical assistance. The pretest and post-test were taken of all the body composition parameters before and after six (6) weeks of yogic exercise training program. The body composition variables were Age, Height, Weight, Blood Pressure (B.P.), Pulse Rate, BMI, BMR, Body Fat and Visceral Fat%, which were measured by standard body composition analyzer. To test the significance of changes made from the pre and post-test on two groups (Experimental and Control) groups’ paired sample -test was used. <strong>Results:</strong> Significant reduction (P &lt; 0.005) in the percentage of Body Fat, Basal Metabolic Rate (B.M.R), Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure (s) were noted in the experimental group after 06 weeks of yoga training. However, there were no significant differences in Visceral Fate, Body Mass Index (B.M.I), Blood Pressure (d) in the yoga and control group. These changes might be due to yoga training but for more significant results, yoga training required for visually disabled person longer duration time with proper assistance. Mohd Arshad Bari, Mohammed Aiyad Mahmood Alobaidi, Hussein Ali Hasan Alghazal, Haq Nawaz Mir, Ali Azeez Aneed Al-Mijbilee https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194878 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Uncorrected Refractive Error as a Cause of Headache:A Cross Sectional Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194879 <strong>Purpose:</strong> Many patients suffering from unexplained headache go through a battery of investigations without much resolution. In a large number of these patients, searching for and correcting an underlying refractive error often provides permanent relief. We aimed to search for an association in the population visiting Ophthalmology OPD in our hospital.<strong> Method:</strong> Four hundred patients with headache were investigated for refractive error under cycloplegia and any refractive error detected was classified into myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism or compound refractive error. The prevalence of refractive error and the various sub types was calculated. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Refractive errors coexist with headache frequently. Patients with persistent headache need to be investigated thoroughly for refractive error as correction of the same can provide permanent and cost effective resolution of the headache. Nandita Chaturvedi, Nidhi, Payal Jain, Malobika Bhattacharya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194879 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Tuberculosis Knowledge:A Survey among Students of a Medical College from Coastal Karnataka, India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194880 <strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common diseases, and globally, it ranks second, first being AIDS. It has been said that one-third of the global population is already infected with M. tuberculosis. By 2020, an estimated 200 million of these people would contract TB. A very crucial step for containment of TB is to make sure that there is understanding of its risk factors, mode of transmission, and diagnosis.<strong> Aims and Objectives:</strong> This study aimed to assess the knowledge and understanding of MBBS students at coastal Karnataka, India Medical College, about Tuberculosis. <strong>Methodology:</strong> An online survey was conducted addressing areas of general factors, risk and transmission factors, diagnosis factors, treatment, and prevention factors. A total of 31 statements were given in the online survey.<strong> Results:</strong> The respondents showed overall good knowledge about Tuberculosis. The females had a better understanding than males, and the interns scored better on the study than the other MBBS students. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study has shown that the students have high essential awareness about TB. However, section by section analysis shows that knowledge about a few topics needs to be strengthened. Natasha Aquinas, Vaman Kulkarni, Ashwini Hegde, Radhakrishna M. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194880 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Reviving the Lost Extremity: A Case Report https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194881 The hand in the human body plays a major role in daily life, communication, social contact and basic functions such as grasping. Finger and partial finger amputations are the most frequently found forms of hand loss and trauma which lead to an impact on the psychological health, functional abilities and aesthetics of an individual. A prosthesis with good fitting, comfort and aesthetics can make the patient feel capable and whole again. This article describes a technique for fabrication of a custom made glove type finger prosthesis using silicone elastomers along with a ring for providing more retention to the prosthesis. Shade matching has been achieved by using intrinsic acrylic paints. This case report paper describes a technique to prosthetic rehabilitation of an amputated finger by fabrication of custom finger prosthesis by using silicone elastomer, which is aesthetically acceptable, comfortable to use and is cost effective with a simple approach. Nitika Gupta, Jeewan Bachan Dhinsa, Urvashi Sukhija, Sanjeev Mittal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194881 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Research Trends in Dermatologist Level Automatic Classification of Various Skin Lesions using Deep Learning https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194882 In today’s modern world, diseases are increasing day by day. Amid the different types of diseases, cancer has turned out to be a deadliest disease in human beings. According to the latest medical statistics, Cancer is accountable for high mortality rate. Skin cancer is usually identified beginning with preliminary screening by clinicians and followed possibly by dermoscopic investigation, a biopsy and histopathological inspection. Differentiating and predicting different types of skin lesions on inspection of images is one of the most challenging and difficult task because of the minute variations in the appearance of skin lesions. The images of different lesions seem to be identical and it is very difficult to manually differentiate them. Hence, deep convolutional neural networks are now emerging as a solution to address this problem. The main objective of this work is to review the indexed papers that addresses the issues of automatic classification of skin lesions. This paper summarizes about the different types of datasets available, the type of deep learning models used for training and the parameters used for performance measurements. P. Keerthana, P. SivaRanjani, G. Sree Gayathri Devi, S. Shanmugapriya, G.H. Sindhuja https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194882 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Epidemiology of Osteoporosis: A Case-Control Study among the Pre and Post Menopausal women of Allahabad District https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194883 Osteoporosis is a bone disorder which is a prevalent global public health problem associated with compelling morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic burden. This disorder can be prevented and treated if diagnosed early and accurately. This study was conducted among the pre and post-menopausal women of Allahabad District aged between 35-65 years to observe the strength of association between the risk factors and the prevalence of osteoporosis. A total number of 316 respondents were screened through P-DEXA scan in a hospital based free BMD check-up camps and a WHO guideline for the diagnosis of osteoporosis was used to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in the selected respondents. Diagnosed patients of osteoporosis were identified as cases<strong> (N=84)</strong> while controls <strong>(N=84)</strong> of the study were free from less bone mineral density. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information regarding behavioral, Anthropometric, Clinical and genetic risk factors of the osteoporosis.The finding shows that 27.22 percent women were normal while 46.2 percent had osteopenia and 26.58 percent had osteoporosis. The study shows the strong association of different risk factors like lack of physical activity <strong>(OR= 3.003)</strong>, high consumption of tea/coffee <strong>(OR=1.437),</strong> less exposure to sun light <strong>(OR=2.608)</strong>, obesity <strong>(OR=1.3125)</strong>, large body frame <strong>(OR=1.313)</strong>, poor hand grip strength <strong>(OR=1.819)</strong>, prior history of fracture <strong>(OR=2.426)</strong> and maternal history of fracture <strong>(OR=7.604)</strong> with the prevalence of osteoporosis. This study recommended a healthy life style pattern in the daily life as osteoporosis is highly preventable disease and most of the associated risk factors are modifiable. Pallavi Singh, Virginia Paul, Aditya Kumar Singh Pundir https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194883 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Work Life Balance of Hotel Employees: An Empirical Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194884 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Work life balance (WLB) is a very critical issue for people wellbeing and satisfaction, due to the work environment and nature of work hotel employees experience a lower level of WLB that result in to various issues like stress, lack of satisfaction etc, the main objective of the paper is to measure the levels of WLB. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The study is based on the information collected from 521 hotel employees through a questionnaire. The information was analyzed with the help of statistical tests like factor analysis, ANOVA, Tukey HSD and student’s T test to interpret. <strong>Results:</strong> It was found that hotel employee do not experience satisfactory WLB. Significant differences were found in WLB of employees of different departments. Gender, marital status and age were found to have significant association with levels of WLB.<strong> Research limitations/implications:</strong> Study provide a quantitative measure of WLB of hotel employees and assess empirically levels of association of factors like department, age, marital status &amp; gender. <strong>Originality/value:</strong> Study provides an empirical approach to measure levels of WLB of hotel employees in context of department and demographic factors. Paresh Bali, Piyush Sharma, R.K. Gupta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194884 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Perceptions of Nurses Regarding Barriers to Implement Maternal and Newborn Care at Rural Community Health Centers of Madhya Pradesh, India: A Phenomenology Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194885 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Nurses are vital to providing high-quality rural maternity care throughout the continuum of adolescence, pregnancy, birth and postpartum period. <strong>Objectives:</strong> The objective of this study is to examine the barriers perceived by nurses in maternal and newborn care at community health centers in rural areas of India. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> A qualitative study was conducted to identify barriers at two selected community health centers of Madhya Pradesh. Participants were interviewed and data were analyzed using Atlas.ti software. <strong>Results:</strong> Major themes that surfaced during data analysis were related to manpower, facilities, nurses, culture and rural area.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> It is very crucial to address these reported barriers in order to provide better &amp; evidence based maternal and newborn care in rural areas. Mamta Verma, Kanchan Mukherjee https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194885 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Determinants Influencing Towards the Consumption of Green Products among the Consumers: A Structural Equation Approach https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194887 <strong>Rationale of the Study:</strong> The extensive writing on consumer of green newly focus by the marketers and markets. Even though consciousness environmental in Indian consumers is examined through the literature, their buying behavior towards products green is not so far implicit. Therefore, the present study is contemplate on make out the determinants influencing the consumption of green products in Chennai city. <strong>Research Design:</strong> The research makes use of survey method technique to test a hypothetically grounded position of hypotheses. A simple convenience sampling method used and collected the data from 709 users of organic food products. To test the hypothesis of the study, the Structural Equation Modelling utilized. <strong>Findings:</strong> The determinants, namely environmental protection, environmental responsibility, Experience of personal, Social Appeal aspect, and Environmental kindliness, significantly influence the buying decision of green products in the study area. <strong>Implications of the Study:</strong> The study results are useful to the marketing professionals of green products. It also helps the organizations to frame the strategies of marketing aspect and also helpful to the organizations to identify the consumer’s perception and satisfaction of using green products. Vijaya Kumar, Shanthini, Nishad Nawaz https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194887 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Ficus Religiosa on Neuronal Degeneration: A Pilot Study in Male Albino Wistar Rats https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194888 The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Ficus religiosa (FR) leaf extract on aluminium chloride (AlCl3) induced neurotoxicity in rats. Adult male albino Wistar rats were randomly arranged into 4 groups with 6 rats in each group. Group 1 was the control group, group 2 rats orally received 100mg/kg body weight of AlCl3for 25 days, group 3 and 4 comprise treated animals (Ficus religiosa leaf extract of 200mg/ kg body weight and 300mg/kg body weight (per oral), respectively for 15 days) after the initial AlCl3 administration for 25 days. On the last experimental day after FR treatment, behavioural changes were studied in all animals by passive avoidance test. Later the animals were sacrificed and the brain was removed &amp; processed for histological study. Neuronal assay in the hippocampus of the brain tissue was conducted by staining with cresyl violet. In both behavioural test and neuronal assay, significant difference (p&lt;0.001) was seen when control and induced group AlCl3 were compared. Similarly, when AlCl3 administered rats were compared with FR extract treated rats,significant improvement (p&lt;0.001) was observed directing towards neuroprotective potential of FR leaf extract in aluminium-induced neurotoxicity. Amit Massand, Rajalakshmi Rai, Ashwin R. Rai, Teresa Joy, B.V. Murlimanju, Aradhana Marathe https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194888 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Abdominal Muscular Strength Endurance: Normative Reference Values for Children 11 to 15 Years of Age https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194889 <strong>Introduction:</strong> One minutesitups is one of the most popular standardized test which is used to measure the muscular strength endurance of the abdominal muscles. <strong>Objective:</strong> To develop the norms for 1 minute Situptest for Indian youth aged 11-15 years. <strong>Methodology:</strong> For the purpose of the study a sample of 5000 male (13.14 ± 1.316 years) and 4000 female (13.31 ± 1.163 years) school going students were selected for the study. One minutesitups was used for measuring abdominal muscular endurance. Various statistical method were opted for analysing the relationship between the variables, normalization and visualization of data and the development of norms. <strong>Results and Discussions:</strong> The results of the study indicated significant differences (p value &lt; 0.05)in male category across all the age groups. Whereas, in female category there were only 3 significant differences (out of 10) found between age 14 – 15, 14 – 13 and 14 – 11. It shows that the muscular strength endurance for male students changed significantly across these 5 years as compared to female students, which were found to be more consistent. Urban students (Male and Female) were also found to be significantly higher in muscular strength endurance than rural students. <strong>Applications:</strong> Norms are necessary to test, compare, analyze and evaluate one’s strengths and weaknesses. The norms will guide and direct the Indian youth about their muscular endurance status. It will also help coaches and trainers to design a training plan accordingly. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Urban students are better than rural students in one minutesitups. Due to the physiological differences, the muscular strength endurance for male students was greater in all terms than the female students. Norms were developed for the Indian youth aged 11 – 15 years. Nayana Nimkar, T.K. Bera, Amritashish Bagchi, Ravi Narnolia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194889 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Functional and Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Missing Tooth by Using Immediate Implant Placement: A Case Series https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194890 Replacing a single or multiple tooth pose various clinical challenges to the clinician during prosthetic rehabilitation. This clinical challenge is more complicated with fixed dental prosthesis when there is an insufficient space for the pontic. Replacing the tooth in these quantifiable situation is best suited by implant supported prosthesis. In the presented case series, we present three such cases where missing teeth were restored with implant supported prosthesis immediately post extraction to satisfy patients aesthetic as well as functional needs. Nayana Prabhu https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194890 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Morphological Study of Neurons in the Trigeminal Ganglion https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194886 The pseudounipolarneurons in the trigeminal ganglia carry sensation from the face to the brainstem. These neurons vary in its sizes that carry specific sensations. In this study trigeminal ganglion neurons are classified based on its diameters in to three types namely large, medium, small sized with the help of histomorphometry. The small sized neurons of trigeminal ganglion modulate pain sensation in migraine. To classify the trigeminal ganglion neurons in to large, medium and small sized and to study the diameter of the neurons in the trigeminal ganglion. Neurons in the trigeminal ganglion which is also sensory ganglion homologues to dorsal ischolar_main ganglion were classified based on its diameter in to small (approx. &gt; 22). Most nociceptors are responding to touch and pressure, thermal and chemical stimuli. Large neurons thatis mainly nociceptive. T. Jeevapriya, R. Archana, Gunapriya Raghunath, P.K. Sankaran https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194886 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Physical Activity and Sedentary behaviour among Overweight Adolescents in Selected Urban Schools of Puducherry https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194891 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Physical inactivity is increasing among children and adolescents and may be contributing to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. Only 30% of adolescents perform sufficient physical activity . Sedentary behaviours, especially watching TV, sitting at the computer and playing video games/mobile phones, are increasing among children. Aim: To assess the level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among overweight adolescents and to examine the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and screen time with BMI. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Participants were 140 overweight adolescents aged 11-14 years from 2 Urban schools of Puducherry. They were assessed for their physical activity and sedentary behaviour by using Modified Physical Activity Questionnaire -Older children and Adolescent Sedentary Activity questionnaire. The analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics Version 25. Linear Regression coefficient was used to examine the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and screen time with BMI. <strong>Results:</strong> More than half of the overweight adolescents (58%) engaged in low levels of physical activity with females being more physically inactive than males. Likewise the mean time spent in sedentary behaviour was more than 12 hours/day with a SD of 3.83. The mean time spent in screen time was 8 hours/day with a SD of 2.56. Use of smart phones contributed largely to the screen time that was significant at p&lt;0.001. Linear Regression analysis implies that screen time was positively associated with BMI at P&lt;0.05. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Overall, the current study has indicated a low prevalence of physical activity and high sedentary behaviour among overweight adolescents. P. Sumathy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194891 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Life Beyond the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study on the Lived Experiences of Breast Cancer Survivors https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194892 <strong>Background:</strong> The advances in biomedical technology that lead to an increase in early diagnosis and treatment have helped to increase the number of health breast cancer survivors in Indian as well as worldwide. Researches carried out on survivorship have focused mainly on the psychological impact and health outcome of the disease. The goal of this study was to focus on exploring the lived experiences of breast cancer survivors from diagnosis of the disease till the survivor life. <strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the lived experiences of women who are breast cancer survivors.<strong> Design, Setting and Participants:</strong> A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit participants from amedical college hospital. A total of 18 women breast cancer survivors were interviewed. <strong>Findings:</strong> The study concluded with four major themes that described lived experiences of women. These were factors from the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer impacting survivorship, support system and relationships, and issues in survivor life. All the participants noted that it was so stressful journey that they went through after diagnosis till the completion of various treatment modalities. Each one found their own way to cope with the stress. Support from family was shared as the key which gave them strength and courage through the different stages of treatment. However, they found it difficult to explain what survivorship meant.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> This study using in-depth interview techniques, shed light on the lived experiences of breast cancer survivors who have completed the treatment. All of them had fear and frustration during their diagnosis and treatment. They felt depressed due to body changes still the support they received from their partners and family helped them to come out of that feelings. However, they noted that they still live with the fear of recurrence of cancer. Binsha Pappachan C., Fatima D’Silva, Safeekh A.T. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194892 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Virtual Prominance of Prognosticator Variable in Discriminating Cost Gears. A Pragmatic Analysis in Select Pharma Companies https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194893 The purpose of this paper is to identify the cost variables that are relatively important in discriminating Pharmaceutical Companies. The manufacturing costs are a major part of company’s total expenses in pharmaceutical industry(1). In this study, a thorough investigation on the cost components and income categories of pharmaceutical companies are analyzed and their relationships were found to understand,to know the difference among various types of pharmaceutical companies. The analysis on the data set between 2009 and 2018 reveals that, costs play a dominant role and they are different for all the five companies that are listed. The study also reveals that there is a considerable amount of discrimination in the cost of manufacturing and operating expenses which discriminate the pharmaceutical companies in their approach towards the market. The Structural Equation Modelling has explained that the variables chosen has a good impact as predicted and it implies that the performance of the company is growing among the years chosen for the study. F.J. Peter Kumar, C. Samuel Joseph, S. Paul Jefferson Clarence https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194893 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Epidemiological Profile of Trauma Victims Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi and Application of Haddon Matrix to Identify Risk Factors of Road Traffic Accidents https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194894 <strong>Background:</strong> Injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing nations, accounting for 12% of total global burden of disease worldwide and the fourth leading cause of death for all ages. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the mode of trauma, severity of injuries, and analyzing the injury patterns to determine the factors associated with their outcomes. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To study the epidemiological profile of trauma victims attending the emergency department, to identify the risk factors of road traffic accidents (RTA) using Haddon Matrix and the factors associated with the outcomes of injury in these patients. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted amongst 248 patients with injuries aged 15 years and above coming to the Emergency department (ED) using a predesigned semi-structured interview schedule. 9 cell Haddon Matrix was also used for recording the host, agent and environmental factors existing in the pre-event, event and post event phase of the injury. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the study participants was found to be 38.06 years with a SD of 16.26. Road traffic accident emerged as the single most important mode of injury (50.8%), followed by fall (23.6%) and assault (13.2%). The mean Glasgow Coma score of the study participants was 13.25 + 3.14 (mean + SD). Around 13% of the participants had sustained vascular injury during the accident. Important host factors identified in Haddon Matrix leading to RTA were over speeding, young age of participants, alcohol intake and fatigue of the driver. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study shows that RTA and falls are the predominant causes of trauma. Shubham Sharma, Madhu Kumari Upadhya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194894 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Pattern of Utilization in Primary Health-Care Facility:A Case Study in Nagaon District https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194895 A sound health care system is the prime requisite for the effective health conditions of the people of a nation. But unfortunately the performance of India in this respect is quite disappointing. Evidences showed that studies on public health care delivery system are limited both in Indian as well as in the context of the North Eastern Region. This paper is an attempt to assess the pattern of utilization of primary health care. The study is based on primary data. The study found that there are problems associated with health care delivery system like lack of accessibility to the public health care facilities, shortage of medical equipment, shortage of medicines in government hospitals, lack of infrastructural facilities, low seat capacity and over crowdedness etc. Mahfuja Begum https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194895 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Measuring Adequacy and Optimization of Antenatal Quality of Care and Client Satisfaction During Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study of Two Aspirational Districts of Jammu & Kashmir https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194896 Ameliorating the mother-child health care has been a global and national priority as evidenced from persistent socio-economic and health policy interventions like National Health Mission. Despite the long standing public policy commitments and interventions to address lack of high-quality health care to scale down mother child mortality, the progress so far has been far from optimal especially during the pregnancy.This study elaborates how service quality structure-processes and the use of proficiencies typically associated with “service quality framework” can have direct application across the continuum of care architecture. This Study by design is a cross-sectional, based on mixed methodology approach. Study showed that there are lacunae and evidences of inequity, inaccessibility and exclusion in MCH service quality and delivery, we need strategies and service infusion policy interventions aimed at delivering quality health services. Naseer Uddin, https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194896 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Administration of Magnesium Sulphate Prior to Vecuronium: Effects on the Speed of Onset and Duration of Neuromuscular Block https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194897 <strong>Background:</strong> We commonly encounter surgical patients who are on magnesium therapy in the operation theatre. It is important to know the interaction of magnesium on anaesthetic drugs including neuromuscular blocking agents. Our aim is to observe and compare the onset and duration of action of vecuronium following magnesium pre-treatment. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> 50 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 25) received placebo (normal saline) and group 2 (n=25) received 40 mg/kg magnesium sulphate added to 100 ml of normal saline infused over a period of 15 minutes prior to induction. Following the induction of anaesthesia muscle relaxation was achieved by 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium and time for onset, duration of neuromuscularblock and vecuronium dose requirement during surgery was assessed by monitoring the tactile response to Train of four stimulation. <strong>Results:</strong> Onset of time for intubation was significantly reduced to 120.19±6.53 seconds in the magnesium group compared to 259.150±26.131 seconds in thecontrol group(P&lt; 0.001). It was observed that the average duration of neuromuscular blockage of vecuronium was almost doubled and statistically significant (P = 0.001) in the magnesium group(26.89±2.91) as compared to the control group (42.28±1.41).The total dose of vecuronium used or required was significantly less in the magnesium group when compared to the control group (p=0.008). Duration from last dose of vecuronium to reversal of anaesthesia was prolonged in the magnesium group (40.2±3.96) compared to the control group(29.8±6.03) which is statistically significant(p&lt;0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Magnesium sulphate administered before vecuronium significantly accelerates the onset of neuromuscular block necessary for intubation of trachea and significantly increase the time course of neuromuscular blockade. Intraoperative consumption of vecuronium was less in the magnesium group. Panchakshari Gouda Patil, K.R. Baliga, Sunil Baikadi Vasudevarao https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194897 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Teaching Ability among University Level Health Science Teachers: Pilot Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194898 <strong>Background:</strong> University level teachers were at stress and depression as because of their higher working hours with undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students. Which make the teachers to sit for hours and hours in class and stand with blackboard in-order to cover the syllabus hours and to encourage the students to be successful in career? Till now there are no studies done on assessing the cognition and teaching ability of a teacher in relation to the comorbidies they experience as a teaching staff. <strong>Objective:</strong> To find out the cognition using ruff figural fluency test. <strong>Procedure:</strong> The subjects according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and who were willing to participate in the study will be given a questionnaire of faculty workload survey 2001, Nordic questionnaire to evaluate the musculoskeletal pain and ruff figural fluency test kit to evaluate their cognition. <strong>Results:</strong> The teachers inspite of the maximum engagement with curriculum, they have good academic performance, but the cognition is poor as the hours of the day passes by, it is due to the maximum stress they experience in dealing with their musculoskeletal pain. U. Ganapathy Sankar, Monisha R., Naresh Bhaskar Raj, Sankara Kumaran Pandian, Deepthi Ganesan, Kaviarasu Mahalingam https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194898 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Critical Study of Women’s Health in India from a Socio-Cultural and Gender Perspective https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194899 If we conceptualise health in a holistic sense, we would understand that it is not merely about the absence of diseases but essentially a socio-biological concept which hinges upon not just one’s physiology but the socio-cultural and psychological variables as well. It is in this context, health issues among women in general and Indian women in particular, as a subset of the larger corpus of health concerns,needs to be inevitably understood and contextualised in the societal and cultural milieu within which women operate. Indian society, with its conservative culture and distinct ascribed social roles, engineers a woman’s position in the social hierarchy and personal life experiences. Consequently, socio-cultural attitudes and gender constructs need to be understood as powerful decisive factors of one’s health that colludes with other variables like age, family, educational attainment, occupational structure, income and social support etc. Against the backdrop of this social model of health, this paper tries to understand the role played by socio-cultural factors and gender constructs in determining health of women in India. The paper also conclusively, tries to provide various holistic strategies and suggestions for improvement of women’s health. Parismita Bhagawati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194899 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Actions of Riluzole on Glast and GLT<sub>1</sub> Transporters in Rat Migraine Model https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194900 Riluzole exerts a neuroprotective effect through different mechanisms including action on glutamatergic transmission. We investigated whether this drug affect glutamate transporter mediated uptake expressing the rat glutamate transporters GLAST, GLT. We found that riluzole significantly increased glutamate uptake in a dose-dependent manner. This may facilitate the buffering of excessive extra cellular glutamate under pathological conditions suggesting that riluzole’s neuroprotective action might be mediated by its activating effect on glutamate uptake. T. Jeevapriya, R. Archana, Gunapriya Raghunath, P.K. Sankaran https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194900 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Factors Affecting Child Development: Highlighting the Facts in the Perspective of Child Abuse in Indian Scenario https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194901 Child abuse occurs in all cultural, income and ethnic groups and it can be broadly classified under physical, verbal, sexual, emotional or through neglect. It is often assumed that child abuse is an underlying problem encased in bigger problems like human trafficking, etc. The main objective of the paper is to identify the ischolar_main causal factors of this problem of Child Abuse. This study has identified seven factors which had some contribution to this problem and they are broadly classified as: health-related problems, physical-abuse-related factors, education-related factors, income-related factors, family-related factors,overall child development and socio-economic improvement. The data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale. The reliability as well as validity testing was done for this study. Furthermore, structural equaation modeling (SEM) was used for the analysis of the data. Arunangshu Giri, Satakshi Chatterjee, Pradip Paul, Manigrib Bag, Abanti Aich, Swatee Biswas https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194901 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Use of Throat Swab as a Method of Sputum Induction in Suspected Cases of Tuberculosis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194902 Tuberculosis is an infectious disease. It is caused by bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It can be diagnosed by demonstrating AFB by either phenotypic method like sputum smear microscopy, culture or by genotypic method like NAAT or LPA. For better results there should be a good quality sputum sample. Induction of sputum is a method for improving the quality of sample. The most commonly used method is induction using 3% saline. It has been seen that during taking throat swab specimen patients usually produce cough. This induced cough can produce better quality of sputum. The following study was done to know about the role of throat swab as a method of sputum induction. Abhishek Chauhan, Jai Kishan, Sameer Singhal, Achchhar Singh, Aditi Gupta, Pankaj Saini https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194902 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 mLearning Using Whattsapp Application to Interconnect the Class https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194903 E-learning is one such platform used to help students learn with the use of electronic devices like computers and internet. M-learning is one another emerging methodology that follows all the principles of E-learning but with even smaller electronic tools like smartphones, table ts etc. The use of mobile applications in medical and dental education has been shown to increase student participation, enhance the feedback process and improve communication between student and tutor. Sanjay Bedi, Anshu Gupta, Karun Bhatti, Poonam Bharti https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194903 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Mobile Phones of Nursing Staff: A Neglected Source of Cross Infection https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194904 . https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194904 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Comparative Study to Evaluate the Outcome of Sutures Versus Sutureless in Attachment of Conjunctival Autograft for Pterygium Excision https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194905 Background: Suturing of conjunctival graft is a traditional technique for pterygium excision surgery. Owing to its many disadvantages &amp; complications many newer techniques like autologous fibrin glue have been introduced &amp; accepted as an alternative method of graft adhesion. Methodology: The present study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, MMIMSR, Mullana (Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University) in the time period extending between December 2017 and January 2019. 100 eyes of patients of either sex with primary pterygium were selected and divided into 2 groups of 50 each in Group 1- patient underwent conjunctival auto graft with 10-0 ethilon sutures while in Group 2 suture less conjunctival auto graft was done with patient’s own blood fibrin. Results: Parameters such as mean operating time, presenting complaints like pain, watering, burning and foreign body sensation, complications &amp; recurrence were compared between the two groups on postoperative Day 1, Day 7, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 month, 3 month &amp; 6th month. Statistical significant difference (p&lt;0.01) was found between the suture and sutureless surgery for pterygium in relation to post-operative discomfort grading. There was a significant difference (t = 22.149, p = 0.001) in the duration of surgery for GROUP I surgery. Conclusion: Conjunctival auto graft with autologous serum is a safe and fast method. It is equally effective as conventional sutured autograft technique. Post operative discomfort is significantly less in this method. It also prevents suture related complications. Kunal Sharma, P.K. Manjhi, M.L. Pandey, Neha, Vineet Gupta, Roopam Chauhan, Kritika Singla https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194905 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Reported Adverse Drug Reactions in Off–Label Use of Azathioprine in Dermatology:A Review https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194906 The skin is one of the largest organs in the human body. Majority of skin diseases requires lifelong treatments since they are chronic in nature. Thereby, appropriate diagnosis by the physicians and rational prescription of drugs becomes a vital component of drug therapy. ADR monitoring is considered to be mandatory as they become severe and potentially life-threatening. Primarily, in off-label setting, patients are treated with drugs which are not registered for that specific indication. Dermatologists have been at the forefront of the application of azathioprine and have thus been using the immunosuppressant for treating patients over several years. Gunjeet Singh, ShashankShekhar Gautam, Anshu Gupta, Pankaj Saini https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194906 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation of Technique Using Pressurized Metered dose Inhaler and its Determinants among COPD Patients: A Cross Sectional Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194907 The aim was to evaluate the inhalation technique among COPD patients using pressurized metered dose inhaler and determinants of incorrect inhalation technique. In this hospital based cross-sectional study, total 92 COPD patients were enrolled. Basic socio-demographic information was collected. The inhalation technique was visually observed and scored on checklist. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Among the 92 patients observed, 69 (75.0%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 45.8 ± 1.4 years. Correct technique was observed in only 22 (23.9%) patients step at which maximum number of patients committed mistake was exhalation 65.2% followed by breath holding 45.7% and multiple actuations were seen in 44.5%. It was found that substantial errors were made in the inhalation technique hence proper training and follow-up of the patients is required to achieve the desired effects of the inhaled medications. Achchhar Singh, Jai Kishan, Sameer Singhal, Vishvdeep Saini, Abhishek Chauhan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194907 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Glue Free and Suture Free Conjunctival Autograft in Pterygium Excision:A North Indian Perspective https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194908 <strong>Aim:</strong> To study postoperative outcome &amp; related complications of Glue free and suture free conjunctival autograft in pterygium excision in Haryana-A North Indian state. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> The present study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, MMIMSR, Mullana (Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University) in the time period extending between December 2017 and January 2019. 50 eyes of patients of either sex with primary pterygium were selected and pterygium was excised &amp; sutureless &amp; glue free conjunctival autograft was done with patient’s own blood fibrin. Parameters such as mean operating time, presenting complaints, grade, complications &amp; recurrence were observed on postoperative Day 1, Day7, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 month, 3 month &amp; 6th month. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the study population was 48.82 + 11.13 years... Out of 50 eyes only 1 (2%) had conjunctival cyst, 2 (4%) graft edema and 3 (6%) had graft displacement, 1(2%) had graft lost, 1(2%) had graft rejection &amp; 1(2%) had recurrence at 6 month follow up. The mean operation time was 24.88 minutes. Regarding type of the pterygium, out of 50 patients 9(18%) were grade 1, 26(52%) were grade 2, 11(22%) were grade 3 and 4(8%) were grade 4. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Conjunctival autograt using patients own blood technique is a safe, cheaper, effective, with less surgical time &amp; has minimal postoperative discomfort. Vineet Gupta, Kunal Sharma, Neha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194908 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Change in Position of Finger on SpO<sub>2</sub> Value by Pulse Oximetry: A Cross Sectional Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194909 <strong>Background:</strong> Pulse oximetry is widely used in patients of respiratory diseases for monitoring the oxygen saturation in blood. First commercial pulse oximetry was used in 1975. Although there have been many improvements in its design since then, still there are a few limitations. The limitations of pulse oximetry include mechanical artefacts accuracy, electromagnetic interference, calibration, delay, pulse dependencevolume and rhythm, abnormal haemoglobins, other absorbents, pulsatile veins, pigmentation. <strong>Objective:</strong> Despite so many studies on the pulse oximetry, there still isn’t any study on pulse oximetry which focused changes in the readings of pulse oximeter with respect to position of finger in relation to the sensor. So in this study we tried to analyse the effect of anatomical plane of finger on O<sub>2</sub> saturation as measured by pulse oximetry. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> This study was done on 400 patients and included both healthy and unhealthy patients. Portable pulse oximeter was used in the study. Pulse oximetry was done on the subjects with finger in supine, prone and lateral position in respect to the probe, while the patient was in sitting position with a waiting period of 1 min between each reading. <strong>Results:</strong> The study shows no significant difference (p value &gt; 0.05) between Spo<sub>2</sub> value obtained from any position of finger in relation to the sensor while applying the pulse oximeter. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Pulse oximetry is a very safe, non-invasive and inexpensive way of continuous O<sub>2</sub> saturation monitoring in critical patients. Mal-positioning of sensors can be potentially dangerous as it may give erroneous high or low readings. The ways to prevent mal-positioning of the sensor are good design of pulse oximeter and ensuring that it is properly visible to the clinician. Jai Kishan, Obul Reddy, Achchhar Singh, Sameer Singhal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194909 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Use of Custom-Made Antibiotic Coated Intra-Medullary Nail in Treatment of Infected Non-Union of Long Bones https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194910 <strong>Introduction:</strong> In cases of infected Nonunion of long bones Antibiotic coated nail provides mechanical support for the affected bone with delivery of high concentration of antibiotics for infection control and a conclusive environment for fracture healing. The aim of the study was to observe and study the treatment of infected non-union of long bones with antibiotic coated nailing in infection control and bony union. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> The study was conducted on 30 patients (male and female between the age of 18‑70 years). All patient on admission were subjected to detailed history, relevant investigations and thorough clinical examinations. Minimum follow-up period was 6 months. Radiological and blood investigations were done for infection control and bony union. <strong>Result:</strong> In the current study of 30 patients with mean age of 43.67 years, Infection control and bony union was achieved in 27 patients without any need for subsequent procedures. Current study provides an alternative to external fixation alone as a means of stabilizing non-unions while providing a high concentration of antibiotic locally for combating this difficult problem. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The clinical results and final outcome after antibiotic coated I.M. nailing in infected nonunion of long bones are both satisfactory and reproducible as evident by the comparison of this present study with the previous literature available. Vineet Pruthi, Ashwani Ummat, Manjeet Singh, Sonia Kochhar, Subodh Pathak, Vishesh Verma, Aryan Sharma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194910 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Role of Tranexamic Acid in Controlling Blood Loss in Major Orthopaedic Surgeries (TRAMOS): A Comparative Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194911 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Tranexamic Acid has been used in major surgeries in various fields of medicine. It has shown to effective in reducing the blood loss during surgery. But it’s use in orthopaedic surgeries was limited due to concern regarding efficacy and safety. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> 54 patients were included in the study during the study period. Patients were randomly allotted to 2 groups of equal participants. The first group (Group A) received Tranexamic Acid. The second group (Group B) was given placebo. The Total Blood Loss and Fall in Haemoglobin levels were measured post-operatively at 24 and 72 hrs of post-operative period.<strong> Result:</strong> The group A had showed significantly reduced total blood loss and fall in Haemoglobin, thus, requiring less blood transfusions. No complications were noted with tranexamic acid use.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> We conclude that Tranexamic acid can be effective in reducing blood loss and subsequent fall in haemoglobin. Its judicious use may thus reduce allogenic blood transfusions in major orthopaedic surgeries. Manjeet Singh, Ashwani Ummat, Vishesh Verma, Praveen Thivari, Harsimarjit Kaur https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194911 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Repair of Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture by Modified Bosworth Technique https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194912 <strong>Introduction:</strong> The Tendo-achilles, also known as the calcaneal tendon is a strong fibrous tissue structure that connects muscles of the calf to the heel (calcaneus). The calf muscles-gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle along with the plantaris muscle, unites into a strip of tissue and becomes the Tendo-achilles at the lower end of the calf and acts as a main flexor of the ankle joint. The Achilles tendon rupture is considered to be chronic if the injury is past 4-6weeks of duration. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> From May 2016 to May 2018, 15 Patients with long-standing rupture of the Achilles tendon were treated with the operative technique mentioned below, in MMDU, Mullana, Ambala. All the patients gave informed consent prior to being included in the study. Results All patients were evaluated according to The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score. 8 patients had excellent results, 4 patients had good results, 2 had fair results and 1 patient had poor result. All patients resumed work at 6 months postoperatively.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> Our technique is ideally suitable for chronic ruptures in zone I (where there is no distal stump available for repair) and ruptures that have a large gap of more than 5-6 cms. This is accomplished with a single long incision, with a good post-operative range of ankle motion and function and no major post op complications. Manjeet Singh, Harish V.K. Ratna, Harish V.K. Ratna, Ashwani Ummat, Ashwani Ummat, Jasneet Chawla, Jasneet Chawla, Harsimarjit Kaur, Harsimarjit Kaur, Vishesh Verma, Vishesh Verma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194912 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Comparative Evaluation of Conventional Media with Bactec MGIT 960 for Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Clinically Suspected Cases of Pulomonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194913 <strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite being a treatable and preventable disease. The emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) TB had exacerbated the situation further. To prevent the spread of infection &amp; to accelerate the administration of Anti-tubercular treatment, early detection of TB is required. <strong>Methodology:</strong> This Cross-sectional study was carried out on 236 samples clinically suspected cases of Pulmonary &amp; Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis processed for Direct Ziehl-Neelsen Staining, Decontamination by NALC-NaOH and Culture in MGIT tubes &amp; Lowenstein-Jensen Medium. <strong>Results:</strong> Out of 60 samples, 60(25.42%) were culture positive cases showed highest isolation rate by BACTEC MICRO MGIT as compared to LJ Medium 42(17.79%) with time of detection by BACTEC MICRO MGIT was 17 days and LJ Medium was 33.72 days. The Diagnostic accuracy of BACTEC MICRO MGIT when LJ Medium considered to be gold standard was also exhibited which showed sensitivity of 95.24%, Specificity of 89.69% while Negative Predictive value (NPV) &amp; Positive Predictive value (PPV) was 98.86% and 66.67% respectively. The BACTEC MICRO MGIT detects mycobacteria early, with less contamination rates and has good sensitivity &amp; specificity as compared to LJ Medium. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> So it can be concluded that BACTEC MICRO MGIT can be used as method of isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis either alone or in combination with LJ Medium. Harit , Varsha A. Singh, Sonia Mehta, Shavi Nagpal, Rosy Bala, Dipankar Biswas https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194913 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Nontuberculous Mycobacterium in Pulmonary & Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Stilla Neglected & Underdiagnosed Pathogen in Developing Countries https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194914 Non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) has been identified in human pulmonary and extra pulmonary diseases and is of great concern for clinicians and microbiologists because of their increasing global incidence. They are now increasingly recognized as important pathogens in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent population. They should be identified rapidly and should be carefully differentiated as contamination, colonization ordisease. Cultures were made on conventional LJ and LJ with PNB media. Growth was confirmed as AFB (acid fast bacilli) by ZN staining. NTM were identified by growth on LJ with PNB media, colony morphology, rate of growth, pigmentation, catalase activity and confirmed by MPT 64 antigen rapid test (using SD Bioline TB Ag MPT 64 test kit) . Data was analysed statistically using SPSS software. Out of total 500 processed samples (250 pulmonary &amp; 250 extrapulmonary), 12(21.05%) and 7(21.8%) NTM were isolated from pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples respectively. Maximum pulmonary NTM (41.7%) were isolated from &gt; 60 years age of patients in contrast to extrapulmonary NTM isolates which were more in 20-40 years of age group. There was 16.7% previously treated patients in pulmonary while 100% were newly diagnosed patients in extrapulmonary TB cases. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and differentiation among Mycobacterium tuberculosisand NTM so that these NTM are not underestimated in routine diagnostic procedures merely as environmental or laboratory contaminants. Pankaj Saini, Varsha A. Singh, Kunal Sharma, Gunjeet Singh, Abhishek Chauhan, Shailja Sharma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194914 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Clinical Evaluation of Pyuria, Bacteriuria and Culture for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194915 <strong>Background:</strong> Culture remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, the diagnosis of UTIs can be potentially enhanced when clinical characteristics of UTI, pyuria and bacteriuria are considered. <strong>Methodology:</strong> To evaluate the relationship between pyuria, bacteriuria and clinical characteristics with culture, un-centrifuged urine samples (N=817) were subjected to direct wet mount, direct Gram staining and semi-quantitative culture and the results were compared.<strong> Results:</strong> The direct wet mount and direct gram staining showed an overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 11.08%, 88.88%, 87.96%, 29.28% and 34.21%, 96.55%, 91% and 38.89%, respectively, as compared to semi-quantitative culture. Alternatively, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of clinical characteristics of both upper and lower UTIs (most sensitive and specific symptoms combined) were found to be 55.14%, 76.06%, 71.29%, 31.47%, respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both the direct wet mount and direct Gram staining could be considered as screening tests for diagnosis of UTI due to its low sensitivity and high specificity. However, integrated approaches wherein clinical characteristics of UTI combined with culture results would be of high diagnostic value in the diagnosis of UTI. Pankaj Saini, Varsha A. Singh, Pottathil Shinu https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194915 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Detection and Enumeration of Parasitic Infections in Stool Samples from Tertiary Care Hospital of Rural Setting https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194916 <strong>Background:</strong> Parasitic infections are the major public concern particularly in developing countries like India. Routinely used microscopy method for the detection of parasitic infections have compromised sensitivity. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> The study was carried out on 500 stool samples received in Department of Microbiology MMIMSR, Mullana (Haryana) for a period of 6 months (August 2017 to January 2018). Stool samples for detection of ova and cyst were included. <strong>Result:</strong> Of these 500 samples examined, 235 (47%) stool samples showed positive results for ova/cyst after the use of simple salt floatation technique while it was merely 33% (n-165) without using the salt floatation method. of the 235 positive samples 29.8% were cyst of Giardia lamblia followed by eggs of Ascarislumbricoides (Fertilized and unfertilized) and cyst of Entamoebahistolytica each of 19.1%, Ancylostomaduodenale 14.9%, Hymenolepis nana 10.6%, Entamoeba coli 4.2% and Trichuristrichiura 2.1% were also identified. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a need for more tests that do not sacrifice sensitivity and that can be used in poor resource field settings. Nitasha Kumari, Ritu Garg, Varsha A. Singh, Ashma Khatun https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194916 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evolution Proof-Antibiotics: A Hopeful Future to Combat Antibiotics Resistance https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194917 Over the years we have seen many antibiotics have been developed, each one supposedly better than the previous, but still we have not been able to overcome the persistent problem of antibiotic resistance regardless of the potency of the drug. There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotic strategies to overcome this problem that is different from previous efforts. Hence a method should be focused on the area of inhibition of bacterial evolution for resistance-“evolution proof Antibiotics”. Nitin Gupta, Rosy Bala, Varsha A. Singh, Harit Kumar, Shavi Nagpal, Sonia Mehta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194917 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Violence Against Doctors. Doctors: Earlier Demigods; Now Culprits? https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194918 Violence against medical professionals at the workplace is not a new phenomenon. In recent times, the reports of doctors getting thrashed by patients or their relatives have made headlines around the world. Almost every doctor has experienced some kind of violence whether physical or verbal at certain stage of their profession. This article aims to discuss the risk factors associated with violence against doctors and the possible steps that are needed to prevent such incidents. Rosy Bala, Nitin Gupta, Shaveta Kataria, Sneh Lata, Puneet Saini, Ritu Garg https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194918 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Microbiological Profile of Diabetic Wound Infection https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194919 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetic wound infections is a dreaded complication of diabetes and often the leading cause of hospitalization for patients with diabetes worldwide. Infection if not treated timely and properly can even lead to amputation of the infected part. The present study was conducted as an attempt to evaluate the different microorganisms infecting diabetic wounds and to find out the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> A total of 128 patients of diabetic wound infections were included in this study from September 2018 to August 2019. Samples were processed as per standard guidelines, the microorganisms (bacterial and fungal) were isolated and further antibiotic susceptibility pattern for bacterial isolates was studied.<strong> Results:</strong> Out of 128, 106 (82.82%) yielded growth of microorganisms on culture. Predominance of bacterial growths (73.58%) as a causative etiology in diabetic wound infections were noticed over fungal (26.42%). Gram positive bacterial growths accounted to 39.74%, whereas 60.27% were gram negative growths. Staphylococcus aureus (29.49%) was the most predominant organism isolated, followed by Escherichia coli (25.64%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.36%). of the Staphylococcus aureus, 73.92% were methicillin resistant while 72.34% among gram negative isolates were ESBL producers with Escherichia coli accounting the highest degree of ESBL production. Linezolid, vancomycinandteicoplanin were the most sensitive drugs for Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‑negative isolates were mostly sensitive to imipenem based on our susceptibility results. Candida species (89.28%) was noted to be the most dominant fungal pathogen in diabetic wound infections. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A good knowledge about the microbiological profile of diabetic wound infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates can be helpful in guiding the clinicians to promptly and effectively treat diabetic wound infections. Shavi Nagpal, Varsha A. Singh, Harit Kumar, Aditi Pandey, Sonia Mehta, Rosy Bala https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194919 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Correlation between Bio-Film Formation and Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Obtained from Various Clinical Specimens https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194920 <strong>Introduction:</strong> The ability to form bio-film is a universal trait of bacteria by attaching to the surfaces. Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae might be endorsed by bio-film formation which augmented colonization of pathogens. <strong>Aim:</strong> To correlate between bio-film formation and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from various clinical specimens and to compare the qualitative and quantitative assay for bio-film production. <strong>Method:</strong> Study was conducted on 150 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolates. of these, carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates were subjected for bio-film formation by Modified Congo red agar method, tube adherence method and Tissue culture plate method. <strong>Results:</strong> Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were found to be 60.66% and the rate of biofilm producers was 75.53% by any of the phenotypic method. Tissue culture plate method was found to be (67.6%) better than Modified Congo Red agar method (54.9%) and Tube adherence method (39.4%). The highest number of bio-film producers was isolated from urinary tract infections (36.61%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> TCP method is most reliable, precise and sensitive method for detection of bio-film formation by Enterobacteriaceae isolates and is ideal to use as a general screening tool to detect bio-film production. Sakshi Dalal, Sonia Mehta, Shinu Pottathil, Varsha A. Singh, Shavi Nagpal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194920 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Role of DLCO in Differentiation or Subtyping of Obstructive Lung Disease Beyond Spirometry and CT Scan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194921 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Spirometry helps us to differentiate between obstructive and restrictive disease, body plethysmography tells about lung volumes and DLCO about diffusion defect. Determining which tests to do depends on the clinical question to be answered i.e. whether test is being done to diagnose a disease or for evaluation for lung surgery or some other reason.<strong> Material and Method:</strong> 46 patients coming to department of respiratory medicine, who were diagnosed with obstructive lung disease by PFT as per GOLD guidelines were considered for the study. Chest X-ray and CT chest were also done. Then DLCO was performed in every patient. Single breath hold method was used in the study. The report of the DLCO was interpreted according to the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on PFT interpretation. <strong>Results:</strong> Male preponderance was seen in study cases with 65.2% males to 34.8% females. Mean age of the study group was 54.39 years with most cases (18) from 31-50 years of age group. Most common diagnosis was COPD emphysema (22) followed by chronic bronchitis (12), bronchial asthma (10) and bronchiectasis (2). Among obstructive lung diseases, B. asthma had the highest mean DLCO percentage predicted of 102.20 ± 14.36 followed by COPD-Bronchitis (76.33±5.57), COPD–Emphysema (37.80±13.41) and bronchiectasis (62±4.48). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> DLCO can be helpful beyond spirometry in classification of obstructive lung diseases. DLCO values in COPD Emphysema variant are decreased, COPD bronchitis variant remains normal or slightly reduced and asthma either normal or increased. So, DLCO can help in differentiation or sub categorization of obstructive disease more than spirometry. Vishvdeep Saini, Sameer Singhal, Sukhjinder Pal Singh, Achchhar Singh, Aditi Gupta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194921 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Time Lag in Reporting of CBNAAT Under RNTCP in Rural Tertiary Health Care Centre https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194922 <strong>Introduction:</strong> CBNAAT is a very useful rapid diagnostic test for the early diagnosis of DS and DR TB. Report of sample can be available in just 2 hours. But the results of these tests are not available for many days to weeks which results in delay in diagnosis and treatment initiation. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> This study was conducted for a period of 4 months from mid-April to mid-august 2018 in MMIMSR, Mullana. A total of 535 samples were sent for CBNAAT to TB Hospital, Ambala and the time taken from sending of samples to the receiving of report was analysed and time lag was calculated.<strong> Results:</strong> Out of 535 samples, 429 samples were negative, 104 were positive for MTB and 2 samples resulted as invalid/error. Out of 104 positive samples, 95 were rifampicin sensitive and 9 were rifampicin resistant MTB. The average time lag in reporting of CBNAAT samples was 11.1 days with shortest time being 2 days and longest being 33 days. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> CBNAAT is a very useful modality in TB diagnosis and should be made available to all eligible patients especially so in high DR-TB prevalence areas. But delay in reporting undermines the purpose of the test i.e. rapid diagnosis and treatment. There is an urgent need to establish more centres with CBNAAT facility throughout India so that there is no delay in reporting and early treatment can be started. Vishvdeep Saini, Jai Kishan, Sameer Singhal, Sukhjinder Pal Singh, Achchhar Singh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194922 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 To Study the Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients of OSA Diagnosed by Polysomnography https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194923 <strong>Aim:</strong> To study the prevalence of obstructive airway disease in patient of OSA diagnosed by polysomnography.<strong> Method:</strong> This study is a descriptive cross-sectional and was carried out in patients admitted in the department of Respiratory Medicine who were diagnosed with OSA after polysomnography. Total 41 patients who were diagnosed as cases of obstructive sleep apnea were clinically evaluated and investigated by history taking and final diagnosis were made as either COPD, Asthma on basis of GOLD and GINA guidelines respectively. <strong>Results:</strong> Mean age of the study participants was 50.95 years. Prevalence of Asthma and COPD among cases with OSA was 58.5% and 14.6%.Mean AHI and ESS score was 42.45 and 16.80 respectively. The most common co-morbid condition was GERD (19.5%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Present study concluded that asthma is more prevalent than COPD in patients of obstructive sleep apnea. The main factors associated with Obstructive lung diseases and its pathogenesis is the obesity, hypertension, smoking habits, adenoids, tonsillitis, musculoskeletal changes, weakness and atrophy of muscles of upper respiratory tract. Ajit Yadav, Jai Kishan, Sameer Singhal, Achchhar Singh, Aditi Gupta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194923 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Correlation of Chest Radiography with Microbiological Findings for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194924 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Tuberculosis is a major health problem faced by mankind since ancient times till date in spite of advances in our knowledge. Recently HIV hastened this &amp; it became the single largest infectious diseasecausing high mortality in humans leading to numerous deaths annually. Early &amp; prompt diagnosis is the only solution to control it. In developing country like India RNTCP depends on chest radiography &amp; smear microscopy but culture is still GOLD standard method. Thus this study was designed to correlate the radiologically suspected tuberculosis cases with Zeihl-Neelsen staining &amp; culture on LJ medium. <strong>Method:</strong> A cross-sectional study conducted on 60 radiologically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis to compare the efficacy with conventional LJ medium culture and ZN staining. The samples were chosen using simple random sampling method. <strong>Results:</strong> Out of total 60 cases, 40(66.66%) cases showed positive results by any of the method. ZN staining (100%) rendered highest positivity than LJ media (80%) in far advanced with cavity while in minimal lesion LJ media (25%)was more effective than ZN staining (12.5%). Maximum number of Grading 3+ cases were with far advanced with cavity (100%) followed by moderate lesion with cavity (72.7%). Advanced with cavity showed highest and earliest growth i.e. 60% within 2 weeks while in moderate lesion with cavity it was 18.8% <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Correlation between radiological and microbiological findings must be the mainstay for the diagnosis in clinical suspected case of pulmonary TB. Nikita Jaiswal, Varsha A. Singh, Ali Ilham K., Pankaj Saini, Gulnar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194924 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Perception of Students Regarding Small Group Teaching in Microbiology at Undergraduate Level https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194925 <strong>Background:</strong> Active learning strategies for understanding the subject like microbiology is need of the hour. Small group teaching is considered to nurture active learning by the students. It is a student centered method and promotes active learning. So by keeping in mind the usefulness of the active learning, the present study was planned to assess the perception of students after introducing small group teaching (SGT) in Microbiology. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> The study was conducted on 150 MBBS second year professional students in the department of microbiology of Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences &amp; Research, Mullana. Small group teaching method were conducted for all selected topics. At the end of the sessions of SGT, perceptions of students were taken on feedback questionnaire and analysed on 3 point Likert scale.<strong> Result:</strong> Total 150 MBBS second Professional Students taken part in Study. Out of 150 students, 142 (94%) students took part in the study. Above 90% stated that it is easy and fun filled method, concepts are clearer and stronger, interaction increased with teachers, retention of the subject increased. Above 80% stated that willingness to study increased, doubts cleared easily, attention in the class increased, increased application of knowledge, sharing of ideas. Above 70% stated that clinical correlation, learn team work, self-directed learning.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> By Small group teaching, students will be apply their knowledge and will be able to provide effective diagnostic services in the community. Small group teaching can be easily adopted in curriculum by proper management of time and by cooperation of faculty and students. Ritu Garg, Rosy Bala, Varsha A. Singh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194925 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Proximal Fibular Osteotomy–A Novel Technique for Decompression of Isolated Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis Knee https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194926 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Proximal Fibular Osteotomy (PFO) is removing 1-1.5 cm of FIBULA, 7 to 10 cm below its head, which provides symptomatic relief from pain of medial compartment Osteoarthritis (OA) knee. It is a procedure wherein we remove Proximal part of fibula to stop mechanical axis of knee going into further varus and hence putting a stop to progression of disease. The aim of the study was to observe and study the resultsin patients of isolated medial compartment Osteoarthritis of Knee,treated by Proximal Fibular Osteotomy. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> The study was conducted on 36 patients amounting to 50 knee joints (male and female between the age of 50-70 years) with medial compartment OA Knee. Patients were followed up till 6 months. Medial and lateral joint space along-with visual analogue score for pain were recorded preoperative, immediate post-operative and at final follow up. <strong>Result:</strong> Significant improvement in mean visual analogue pain score (VAS), from 7.32 + 0.98 preoperative to 2.72 + 1.20 at the final follow up was observed (p-value &lt;0.001). Medial joint space opening from 1.17 + 0.29 to 4.07 + 0.69 at final follow up was observed. American knee society score was divided into 2 subsets, knee score and functional score. Both of them showed significant improvements from 39.72 + 3.47 and 44.20 + 8.47 (pre-operative) to 86.58 + 10.79 and 84.60 + 8.38 respectively, at final follow up (p-value &lt; 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The objective as well as functional outcome after proximal fibular osteotomy were satisfactory. With correct patient selection and meticulous adherence to basics, Proximal fibular osteotomy offers an excellent alternative to tedious and extensive procedures like High tibial osteotomy (HTO) and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA). It is specially enthralling in country like ours where everyone cannot afford expensive surgeries and are forced to live a life of misery and morbidity. Vishesh Verma, Manjeet Singh, Ashwani Ummat, Praveen Thivari, Harsimarjit Kaur, Jasneet Chawla, Vineet Pruthi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194926 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Calf Stretching Exercises Versus Plantar Fascia Stretching Exercises in Plantar Fasciitis: An Experimental Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194927 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Plantar fasciitis or calcaneus pain syndrome is the inflammation of origin of plantar fascia and the nearby perifascial structures which is attached to the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity Histology suggests mainly degeneration rather than inflammation but fasciitis still remains more prominent in the literature. The windlass mechanism describes the biomechanics associated with plantar fascia. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> This study included 60 patients who were divided into 2 randomized selected groups on the basis of arrival. 30(even) patients were made to do calf stretching exercises and 30(odd) did plantar fascia stretching exercises. The stretches mainly included 8 repetitions, 20 seconds each, 2 times a day and 3 times a week for a duration of 4 weeks. Data was collected and described by using independent t-test and Repeated Analysis of variance was also used. <strong>Results:</strong> Maximum number of patients who had plantar fasciitis were in the age group 41-50 (36.6%). Both the stretching exercises were assessed with VAS, FFI and AOFAS at day 0 and every follow up i.e 1<sup>st</sup> week, 2<sup>nd</sup> week and at the end of 4<sup>th</sup> week which showed more improvement and better satisfactory outcome in plantar fascia stretching exercises than the calf stretching exercises. Range of motion showed more improvement with calf stretching exercises. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study promotes the use of the tissue-specific plantar fascia-stretching protocol as the key exercise. Long-term benefits of the stretching includes a marked decrease in pain and high rate of satisfaction. This approach provides the health-care practitioner with an effective, non-invasive, inexpensive and straightforward treatment protocol. Jasneet S. Chawla, Manjeet Singh, Ashwani Ummat, Manu Goyal, Harsimarjit Kaur, Vishesh Verma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194927 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Efficacy of Early Decompression Surgery Versus Epidural Injection in Management of Sciatica Due to Lumbar Disc Herniation–A Randomised Control Trial https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194928 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Sciatica is one of the most excruciating type of pain resulting due to irritation of the sciatic nerve in the lower back. Pain radiates along the distribution of the sciatic nerve in the lower limb. Lumbar disc herniation is commonly implicated as a cause of sciatica. Treatment options include initial conservative approach with epidural injection and analgesics and in patients with no relief decompression surgery performed. The short-term efficacy of the epidural injections is well established but the long-term outcome remains controversial. Even, spinal decompression surgeries have shown significant relief of symptoms at short term but in long term remain doubtful. This study attempts to compare both these treatment options in people with disabling chronic sciatic pain. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> This prospective randomized controlled trial conducted on 25 patients for duration of 1 year with sciatica symptoms lasting for more than 6 weeks. Complete history and examination with imaging studies was carried out with pain assessment done by using a Roland Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Follow up Assessment of the patient’s were done at regular interval of 0, 2, 4, 12, 26, 52 weeks post intervention. <strong>Results:</strong> Of the 25 patients 12 were assigned randomly to early surgery group and 13 to epidural injection group. Immediate post-op and follow up assessment showed significant improvement in pain and disability scores for patients randomized to early surgery group with a significant difference between areas under the curve. The short-term benefit of early surgery was no longer significant by 6 months and by the end of 1 year outcomes were similar between the two groups. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Early surgery achieved more rapid relief of sciatica than conservative care, but outcomes were similar by one year in patients of both groups. Ashwani Ummat, Manjeet Singh, Manjeet Singh, Sarthak Sharma, Sarthak Sharma, Praveen Thivari, Praveen Thivari, Vishesh Verma, Vishesh Verma, Jasneet Chawla, Jasneet Chawla https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194928 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Prospective Study to Compare the Perioperative Oral Duloxetine and Gabapentin for Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Female Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Gynecological Surgeries https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194929 <strong>Background:</strong> Continuous efforts are being taken to provide better postoperative quality of recovery especially in female patients in terms of both physical and emotional parameters after surgery and anaesthesia. <strong>Method:</strong> The present study was carried out in 70 female patients of ASA Grade I &amp; II between the age group of 20-50 years scheduled to undergo lower abdominal surgery. They were randomly divided into two groups of 35 patients each to receive either table t duloxetine 60 mg or gabapentin 900 mg orally 3 hours prior to surgery and repeated 24 hours later with the same dose. <strong>Results:</strong> Both the groups were comparable regarding mean age and weight of the patients (Table I). There was highly significant difference in both mean and median values of quality of recovery in both the groups with better scores in the gabapentin group. The mean opioid requirement in group A was 2.83±1.20 and in group B was 1.90±1.04 which was also highly significant, p value 0.0009. Regarding patient satisfaction 54.28% patients in gabapentin group showed excellent satisfaction as compared to 28.50% patients in duloxetine group, p value 0.057. Side effects were observed more in Group A <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Gabpentin should be considered as an effective strategy for improving the postoperative quality of recovery and reducing the post-surgical narcotic consumption and related side effects. Sapna Bansal, Laveena Dabla, K.S. Bhatia, Becki, Aiysha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194929 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Comparative Study of the Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) Insertion by Three Different Technique I.E. Introducer, Digital and Stylet https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194930 <strong>Background:</strong> Supraglottic airway devices have been widely used as an alternative to tracheal intubation during general anesthesia. Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) is an effective alternative to ETT with inflatable cuff forming pressure seal around laryngeal inlet and permitting ventilation. In view of this, the present study was undertaken to compare the different insertion techniques to insert PLMA in adult patients undergoing elective surgeries. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Ninety patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia belonging to ASA grade I and II were included in the study and were randomly divided into three groups with 30 patients in each group. In Group I (n=30), PLMA was inserted using introducer, in Group II (n=30) PLMA was inserted using digit and in group III (n=30) PLMA was inserted using stylet. Groups were compared in relation to number of attempts, insertion time, ease of insertion, orogastric tube insertion and, hemodynamic changes. <strong>Results:</strong> The success first attempt rate for placement of PLMA was highest with introducer as compared to digit or stylet and the results were statistically significant (p=0.029). The mean time of insertion for PLMA using introducer was 27.03±4.08 seconds which was shortest whereas with digit it was highest 35.27±4.97 (p=0.000) and by using stylet 31.33±3.12 seconds. There was no change in hemodynamic after the insertion of PLMA with either technique. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> To conclude introducer technique of PLMA insertion was best as compared to digit and stylet technique. Divya Vijay, Sapna Bansal, Somika Aggarwal, Priyam https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194930 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study of Drug Utilisation and Prescribing Pattern in the Department of Dermatology https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194931 Skin diseases seriously impact the quality of life of an individual. It affects all age groups and its chronic nature disturbs the financial status of the sufferer and family. Periodic audit of prescription in the form of drug utilisation study is a way to improve the quality of prescription and reduces the irrational prescribing and use of drugs. The present study was done to assess the drug prescribing patterns in dermatology outpatient department. Gunjeet Singh, Sanjeev Gupta, Rani Walia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194931 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Fibromyalgia: Latest Drugs for the Treatment https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194932 Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition with unknown aetiology. Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain and several additional symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, depressive episodes and anxiety. The underlying pathophysiology of fibromyalgia is still poorly understood and treatment is often unsatisfactory. Current treatments include drugs that target serotonin and noradrenaline levels within the central nervous system, e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors and voltage-gated calcium channel subunit ligands, e.g., gabapentin and pregabalin. Investigation of a range of novel targets, such as melatoninergic, cannabinoid, dopamine, NMDA, angiotensin, orexin and opioid receptors and ion channels, in addition revisiting bioamine modulation and subunits has provided efficacy outcomes that improve the health status of patients with FM. Nevertheless, modest and limited efficacy is often observed reflecting the heterogeneity of FM with existence of subpopulations of patients, the contribution of peripheral and central components to the pathophysiology and the extensive range of accompanying co-morbidities. The complexity and multidimensional nature of FM is emphasized by the diversity of pharmacological targets gaining interest. Clues to underlying mechanisms which offer themselves as novel and potential targets for new medications are being provided by advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of FM. Shashank Shekhar Gautam, Gunjeet Singh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194932 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study on Delay in Giving the Early Morning Sample and Barriers in Accessing Sputum Smear Microscopy Services at Tertiary Care Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194933 Sputum examination is the most widely used test for diagnosis of TB. Under RNTCP two samples of sputum are required for examinations which are preferably 1st spot and early morning sample or two spot samples collected on the same day. Patients usually come from far off places at the tertiary care centre and frequent visits are usually not possible. Giving an early morning sample is usually defaulted by the patient due to various reasons. The present study was aimed at studying the delay in giving the early morning sample and barriers in accessing the sputum smear microscopy services at a tertiary care hospital. In this study 300 presumptive TB patients were studied. Patients were asked to give a 1st spot sample for sputum smear examination and asked to bring early morning sputum sample. Patients who refused to give early morning sample were asked to give 2nd spot sample and the reason for not coming early morning were noted. The patients who did not come despite agreeing to come were noted. If they came after a delay of few days, then also the reason of delay were noted. It was found that nearly one third (31%) of the patients agreed and came on the next day to give early morning sample. A large number of patients (16%) did not come at all to give the early morning sample. Abhishek Chauhan, Jai Kishan, Sameer Singhal, Achhar Singh, Aditi Gupta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194933 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 An Unusual Presentation of Achalasia Cardia:Mediastinal Widening https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194934 Cough as symptom to diagnose achalasia cardia. Achalasia typically presents with dysphagia and regurgitation of undigested food. Diagnosis is usually performed with esophageal manometry, barium swallow before macroscopic anatomical changes appear. But sometime cough as a symptom can diagnose. We present a 45-year old women whose diagnosis was suspected with chest-x-ray showing enlargement of right mediastinum. Diagnosis was then confirmed with upper endoscopy and barium swallow. Ajit Yadav, Jai Kishan, Sameer Singhal, Achchhar Singh, Aditi Gupta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194934 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Determine the Various Risk Factors and Co-Morbidities in the Patient’s Admitted with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross Sectional Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194935 <strong>Aim:</strong> study the prevalence of various risk factors and co-morbidities in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> 73 patients admitted with AE-COPD data on body mass index (BMI), smoking, symptoms, co-morbidities course of the disease, spirometry management were obtained. <strong>Results:</strong> Eighty-eight percent of the admitted patients had current or past smoking habit of ‘Bidi’ and 9% were cigarette smokers. of admitted patients, 46% had at least one co-morbid condition. Mean FEV1 was 42.5%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Study concluded that the hospitalized patient with AE-COPD suggests spirometric impairments because majority of the patients had current or past smoking habits. Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were found to be the major co-morbidities. Achchhar Singh, Jai Kishan, Sameer Singhal, Vishvdeep Saini, Abhishek Chauhan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194935 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Outcome of Trabeculectomy in Early Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Respect of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Optic Nerve Head Parameters https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194936 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Glaucoma is the group of acute and chronic multifactorial condition where lowering IOP is the mainstay of the treatment in the patients, but despite of all effort progression of disease is inevitable. The prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in India is 1.62% and increasing with age, where 98.5% were not even aware of the disease. In our study, we assessed the outcome of trabeculectomy using retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements and clinical parameters. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> Twenty seven patients of primary open angle glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy were included. Ophthalmological examinations including best corrected visual acuity, pupils and anterior segment evaluation, intraocular pressure, fundus and optic disc examination, perimetry and optic coherence tomography were performed preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively in each and every subject.<strong> Results:</strong> With mean age of 57.9 years, total of 18 male and 9 female patients were recruited. IOP was decreased by 43.85% from baseline but best corrected visual acuity was increased marginally after 3 months postoperatively. Optic nerve head parameters were improved significantly. Visual Field analysis showed that mean sensitivity and mean deviation were improved from 8.73±4.5493 and 19.044±4.6111 preoperatively to 9.859±5.5606 and 17.926±5.4928 dB postoperatively, respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our data suggested that in early POAG, trabeculectomy provides good IOP control and clinical outcome with little complication rate under experienced hands. M.L. Pandey, Neha Sharma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194936 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome–A Rare Phenomenon https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194937 <strong>Purpose:</strong> Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is an ocular anterior segment dysgenesis, autosomal dominantly inherited, commonly associated with glaucoma and systemic anomalies. This study presents various clinical manifestations of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome within one family. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> Three members of the family: patient 1--father (54 years old), patient 2--son (12 years old) and patient 3--daughter (8 years old), underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including standard glaucoma diagnostics. It was impossible to perform complete eye examination in one case (patient 1) because of severity of ocular changes. <strong>Results:</strong> All family members described had iris abnormalities (hypoplastic iris stroma) and advanced glaucoma, however severity of symptoms were different in each case. The most advanced disease was recognized in patient 1. Other findings included: posterior embryotoxon (patients 2 and 3), iridocorneal angle abnormalities (patients 2 and 3), stretch holes and extraocular features (patient 2): dental anomalies (microdontia and hypodontia), maxillary hypoplasia and periumbilical skin fold. All of these symptoms supported the diagnosis of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. In addition, we also diagnosed high myopia &amp; strabismus (patient 2) and corneal scar in (patient 1). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Reported cases of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome demonstrate phenotypic variability of the disease among family members, which is characteristic for this disorder and can cause diagnostic problem. Kunal Sharma, Neha, M.L. Pandey, Vineet Gupta, Pankaj Saini https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194937 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study of Correlation of Hyperuricemia with Knee Osteoarthritis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194938 The present study was conducted to identify the link between increased uric acid and osteoarthritis and to find out the prevalence of hyperuricemia in population suffering from osteoarthritis of knee.<strong> Material and Method:</strong> The study was conducted on 100 patients (male and female between the age of 40- 70 years) with knee pain for more than 6 weeks to establish a correlation between knee osteoarthritis and hyperuricemia. <strong>Result:</strong> In the current study female preponderance was seen. Mean age of the patients was 50.10 years and maximum patients were in the age group of 40-50 years. KOA patients had higher values of uric acid as compared to patients without KOA however no stastically significant relation was found between increasing uric acid levels and severity of KOA with p-value .668 being insignificant. The mean BMI of patients with KOA was higher than the patients without KOA but no statistical significant relation was found between increased incidence of KOA in females as compared to males with increasing BMI p-value 0.777 being insignificant. There was no statistically significant correlation between hyperuricemia and either gender with p-value being &gt;.0.05 (0.119). VAS and WOMAC scoring was done at 0 and 16 weeks however no significant improvement was seen except for the pain component which improved in KOA patients. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this present study we observed increased prevalence of OA knee in females and in patients with hyperuricemia and also with patients with higher BMI. Serum levels of CRP and ESR also show positive prevalence in patients with KOA in this study. However, no s statistically significant correlation was observed between levels of hyperuricemia and severity of KOA. Hence in conclusion our study points towards positive correlation between hyperuricemia and KOA. Limitations of our study included inability to homogenise groups in terms of BMI, age, activity level, smoking, alcohol etc. Rajdeep Singh Bajwa, Rakesh Gautam, Subodh K. Pathak, Aryan Sharma, Vineet Pruthi, Vishesh Verma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194938 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 How Efficacious is Esmolol in Suppressing the Stress Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation in ENT Surgeries https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194939 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Attenuation of stress response during laryngoscopy and intubation has been one of the major concerns of the anaesthetist. Various techniques have been used to suppress this response like deepening the level of anaesthesia and various drugs like β blockers,local anaestheticsetc. In this study Esmolol was used to suppress the stress response. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> 60 patients undergoing elective ENT surgery under general anaesthesia of ASA grade I and II were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. Group I (n=30)-Control –no drug was given. Group II (n=30)-patients received pretreatment with Injection Esmolol 0.5mg/kg. <strong>Results:</strong> The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed with student t-test and Chi square test using ANOVA (analysis of variance). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Esmolol attenuates the stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation in the form of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure and that esmolol given 3 minutes before induction provides stable cardiovascular conditions as compared to the control group and attenutates the pressor response but does not obliterate it completely. Babita Ramdev, Dinesh Kumar Sharma Sharma, Sangita R. Sharma, Sapna Bansal, T. Venugopal, Ritu Singh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194939 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Prospective Observational Study Comparing Three Different Techniques of Intubation Using C-Mac Video Laryngoscope https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194940 <strong>Aim:</strong> To compare three different techniques of endotracheal intubation using C-MAC video laryngoscope.<strong> Methodology:</strong> A prospective, randomized clinical study. A total 60 patients of ASA physical status I and II, aged 18 – 60 years were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each. In Group NS patients were intubated using ETT alone, Group S – stylet was used and Group B – bougie was used. Comparison was done in terms of time for intubation, procedure time and success rate. <strong>Results:</strong> All the patients in B group were intubated in first attempt whereas maximum number of attempts was required in NS group followed by S group. Mean intubation time was least for S group followed by B group and maximum for NS group with significant p value between NS vs S and S vs B. Mean procedure time taken was least for S group followed by NS group and maximum for B with significant p-value between NS vs S group and S vs B. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Use of bougie as an aid to endotracheal intubation performed best as compared to stylet or no stylet when used with conventional C–MAC blade. Shruti Gupta, J.R. Thakur, Anita Lega, Tapkirat Monga https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194940 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation of Ambu Aura Gain and Plma in Short Surgical Procedures: A Prospective Randomised Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194941 <strong>Background and Aim:</strong> The importance of supraglottic airway devices is soaring high as an aid to intubation and a means to ventilation. Proseal is a modification of classic LMA while Ambu auragain is a newer perilaryngeal sealer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the devices in view of insertion parameters. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Study Design: A prospective, randomised study. A total 100 patients of ASA grade I or II, aged 18-65 years, were randomly allocated into two groups of 50 each. In group I (n=50) ambu aura gain was used and in group II (n= 50) PLMA was used. Both the devices were compared in relation to insertion parameters, haemodynamic changes and complications.<strong> Observations and Results:</strong> Ambu aura gain was easier to insert (p-0.019), requiring less time for insertion (11.6 versus 13.4 seconds) with p-0.008. Ease of insertion of nasogastric tube was easier with group I (p-0.014). Other parameters and post op complications were comparable. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Ambu aura gain aids easy and rapid insertion along with easy insertion of nasogastric tube as compared with PLMA. Anita Lega, Madhavi Santpur, Shruti Gupta, J.R. Thakur, Hiba Siddiqui, Iram Waris https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194941 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association between CO in Blood and Lung Physique of Toll Road Officers https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194942 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless and colorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbons, its characteristic is easily bonded to hemoglobin rather than oxygen. Short-term immediate visible effect on respiratory tract after inhalation of toxic gas exposure is an inflammatory reaction, whereas restriction and obstruction abnormalities will appear as long-term effects of toxic gas exposure. Therefore, it is necessary to check lung physique to detect pulmonary abnormalities early before clinical complaints found. <strong>Objective:</strong> To analyze the association between CO in blood and lung physique of toll road officers. <strong>Method:</strong> The samples were male and female, aged 37 - 55 years and had a minimum of 20 years working hours. Samples were collected by random sampling and statistically analyzed using SPSS (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). <strong>Result:</strong> The level of CO in blood of toll road officers are higher than CO levels in the air. It was obtained restriction and obstruction abnormalities. There was no significant association between blood levels of CO and FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEFR but there was a significant relationship between blood CO concentration and FVC.<strong> Conclusion</strong> The exposure of CO to toll road officers caused decreased ventricular lung function. There were obstructive and restrictive abnormalities of the lung. The level of CO in the blood did not correlate with most of pulmonary physiological parameters. Winariani, Soetomo, Burhanudin https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194942 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assess the Genetic Variant’s Linkage with T2DM in Several Pathways of Pathophysiology of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194943 Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is utmost shared form of diabetes described by the raised plasma glucose levels and instigated because of the both insulin action and secretion’s impairment. This is actually turning prevalent while leading to numerous complications. Furthermore, its occurrence and prevalence are surging at a distressing degree in few countries such as Iraq while increasing a main concern of health. Mutually, the environmental and genetic features play an essential role to manifest such composite genetic ailment. The purpose of this research was the recognition of the genomic regions’ relatedness. The few current years showed an outbreak of molecular genetics inspection while comprising the whole genome scans. This was utilized to assess the genetic variant’s linkage with T2DM in several pathways of pathophysiology. Numerous candidate genes are recognized as related to the T2DM, although, merely few of them demonstrates the stability in relationship to various ethnic group and population. Comparatively, because of greater T2DM risk in Iraq as well as the constituent substructure residents and enormous genetic heterogeneity, the number of researches is smaller enough to distinguish the illnesses’ genetic base in Iraq. Abbas A. J. AL-Salihi, Hassan Abdulreza Fayyad, Maha Fawzi Challab, Ban Thabit Saeed, Rana R. AL Saadi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194943 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Aerodigestive Tract of Foreign Body in 12 Indonesian Academic Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194944 <strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the profile of patients with aerodigestive tract of foreign bodies, who had performed bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy in 12 Otorhinolaryngology centers <strong>Method:</strong> A descriptive research with a retrospective approach. Data samples were obtained from the recapitulation of medical services in the Broncho-Esophagology Division at 12 centers of Otorhinolaryngology education throughout Indonesia. All the extraction was carried out in the operating room of the emergency room at each education center. <strong>Results:</strong> We obtained 487 cases of the laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign body, and 1499 of esophageal, then 1177 patients male and 809 female as subjects. The number of patients with aerodigestive foreign body was dominated by male n=1177 (59%) than female by n=809 (41%). The highest percentage of organic object was found in peanuts by n=84 (74%) and inorganic objects was needle n=180 (48%). The highest number of organic objects was meat n=271 (51%), and inorganic objects was coins n=481 (49%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was no significant difference in sex in male and female. The highest foreign body in the feeding process was a coin, while in the airway flow was a needle. The types of unknown objects can be related to educational background, cultural culture, and diettary in every country. Aditya Wira Buana, Sri Herawati Juniati, Rizka Fathoni Perdana https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194944 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Relationship between the Cochlear Roughness, the Stimulus Level 30dB and the Otoacoustic Emissions https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194945 The hearing mechanism is influenced by a number of factors, whether sound or physiology. These factors include the stimulus level of sound and cochlear roughness. In this work, the otoacoustic emissions was studied with the stimulus level of sound 30 dB different cases. In each case the cochlear roughness was changed to study the otoacoustic emission. Cochlear roughness changes for each case and it is noted that the hearing mechanism is affected by cochlear roughness. The most important conclusion of this work is that cochlear roughness is very important to hearing efficiency. It is clear that the stimulus level gave good results regarding the hearing mechanism. Adnan Al Maamury https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194945 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Circuit Training to Increase Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Male Basketball Players https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194946 In playing basketball, body fitness is important. It is closely related to biomotor abilities which consist of several components, one of which is endurance. An attack movement in a basketball game would require good cardiorespiratory endurance. Aerobic endurance is related to oxygen intake.This study aims to determine the improvement of cardiorespiratory endurance in male students who took basketball as a preferred extracurricular activity gained through circuit training. This is experimental research with onegroup pretest-posttest design. The sample of this research consisted of 15 male students. Circuit training was carried out three times a week for four weeksat an exercise intensity of 65%‒90% of maximum heart rate. From hypothesis testingwitha paired t-test,it was found out that P = 0.000 (0.000 &lt; 0.05), suggesting that there was a meaningful difference. This result shows that circuit training improved cardiorespiratory endurance. Agung Wahyu Permadi, I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra, Endang Sri Wahjuni https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194946 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Relationship between Self-Care for Fluid Limitation and Interdialytic Weight Gain among Patients with Hemodialysis at Ratu Zalecha Hospital, Martapura https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194947 Chronic kidney failure is progressive and irreversible which caused metabolism disorder as well as electrolyte imbalance. This condition makes the patients to conduct hemodialysis. Patients with hemodialysis must have the ability to do self-care for fluid limitation management. Self-care deficit in managing fluids can cause interdialytic weight gain. The aim of this study was to measure the correlation between self-care for fluid limitation and interdialytic weight gain among chronic kidney disease patients with hemodialysis in Ratu Zalecha hospital Martapura. This study used cross-sectional study, total sampling and the final sample was 50 respondents. Data were collected in 2018. We used Spearman Rank Correlation to analyze the data. The result showed that there was a correlation of self-care for fluid limitation and interdialytic weight gain among patients with hemodialysis in Ratu Zalecha Hospital Martapura (p-value&lt; 0,000; r= 0,589). The capability of self-care for fluid limitation and increase self-confidence among patient with hemodialysis to prevent interdialytic weight gain is needed. Agus Rachmadi, Ita Ratnasari, Nursalam, Arief Wibowo https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194947 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Relation between Human Epididymis Protein 4 and Endometrial Pathology in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194948 <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the value of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in predicting endometrial pathology in women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB). <strong>Method:</strong> A cohort study included 100 women with PMB. Women with endometrial thickness (ET) &gt;5mm were subjected to hysteroscopic guided fractional curettage (FC) followed by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. After exclusion of 10 patients, the value of serum HE4 was tested in 90 patients for the ability to predict endometrial pathology based on hysterectomy specimen.<strong> Results:</strong> Level of HE4 showed a significant difference among women with different endometrial pathologies. HE4 showed a significant positive correlation with the severity of the endometrial lesion, with mean values of 38.33±27 pmol/L for atrophic endometrium (11 cases), 51.26±28.59 pmol/L for simple endometrial hyperplasia (SEH,51 cases), 148.4 ±67.34 pmol/L for atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH,16 cases) and 390.9±351.72 pmol/L for endometrial carcinoma (EC,12 cases) Using the cut-off value of 69.5 pmol/L for preoperative HE4 yielded a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 88.5% in prediction of EC. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> HE4 can predict endometrial pathology in women with PMB with a high specificity and a fair sensitivity. Ahmed L Aboul Nasr, Ghada A AbdelMoety, Mostafa S. Salem, Marwa M Elsharkawy, Nada Kamal, Ahmed M Maged https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194948 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Impact of Cervical Infection with Bacteria Ureaplasma Urealyticum to Interleukin-1α-Expression in Pregnant Women https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194949 Pregnant women could be at risk of developing complications in genital tract when infected with the bacteria Ureaplasma urealyticum. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of genital infection in pregnant women, in Kirkuk city, relevant to both gestational age and level of Interleukine (IL-1α). Fifty five pregnant women were involved whose ages ranged between 18-45 years. Double swab samples from cervix were collected i.e. the first swab used to detect U. urealyticum while the second to assess the level of IL-1α cytokine. Only 45% of pregnant women were infected with U. urealyticum, with the highest positive U. urealyticum infection among age group (18-31 years) (40%), while the older women had less infection frequency (5%). The significantly highest (p≤0.05) distribution percentage was amongst third trimester gestation (33%). Genital expression of IL-1-α had significantly (p≤0.05)elevated during the infection (189±3.3pg/mL) in comparison with non-infected pregnant women. The level of IL-1α was elevated significantly(p≤0.05) among women in third trimester of pregnancy in comparison with second and first trimester, respectively. A significant correlation between U. urealyticum infection and elevationin the level of IL-1αis established. Aimen A. Ahmed, Sabah M. Salih, Ayoub A. Bazzaz https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194949 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Short Clinical Outcome of Microscope Assisted Discectomy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194950 <strong>Objective:</strong> Determine the effectiveness of microscopic assisted discectomy and its application for the patient with disc disease, its efficacy, and its pitfalls. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> A prospective study conducted on 90 patients, which they reviewed prior to the operation by using Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog score (VAS) for the back and leg pain, followed up on a period of 6 months by using the same method which they have been reviewed, all of the patient were operated on by microscopic assisted microdiscectomy discharge on the same day or the day after the procedure. <strong>Results:</strong> There was a major improvement of back and leg pain by using VAS, the overall improvement in VAS for back pain was 4.43 points (p-value &lt;0.001) and improvement in VAS for leg pain was 4.51 (p-value &lt;0.001), while the improvement in ODI was 34.85 (p-value &lt;0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Microscopic assisted microdiscectomy offered a successful solution for common health issue with the advantage of small wound better cosmetics, low adverse effect and early rehabilitation and return to daily activity and resume individual function and productivity, good preoperative planning and selection of patient with the meticulous procedure and post-operative care can offer supreme results. Ali Mohammed Abdulhameed, Sherwan A. Hamawandi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194950 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hyaluronidase Versus Magnesium Sulphate as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Upper Limb Surgeries https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194951 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Aim of this trial was to assess the effect of hyaluronidase and MgSo4 when added separately or in combination to bupivacaine on the onset of sensory and motor block, quality of block and effect on duration of action.<strong> Method:</strong> Eighty ASA I, II patients of either sex undergoing upper limb Surgery under ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial block were recruited in this prospective randomized double blinded controlled study and divided in to four groups each group contain 20 patients. First group received (28 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 2 ml 0.9% normal saline). Second group received (28 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 1000 unit hyaluronidase dissolved in 2 ml 0.9% normal saline). Third group received (28 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 2 ml of MgSo4 containing 200 mg). Fourth group received (28 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 2 ml of MgSo4 containing 200 mg mixed with 500 unit hyaluronidase). <strong>Results:</strong> Hyaluronidase fastened the onset but didn’t affect the duration however MgSo4 prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia without effect on the onset of block. Amany K Abo Elhusein, Mamdouh Hassan, Nagat A. Ali https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194951 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Asthma Symptoms and Relationship to Obesity among High School Students in Fallujah City, Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194952 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Asthma attacks all age groups but often starts in childhood. Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, and occurs in people of all ages. It is the most common chronic disease among children. Many publications have shown an association between severity of asthma symptoms and obesity in children and adults. The aim of the study is to assess the symptoms of asthma and the relationship to obesity among secondary school students in Fallujah City. <strong>Method:</strong> A cross-sectional study was done during March 2018. We assessed 47 students with asthma from nine secondary schools across Fallujah city, Anbar governorate, Iraq. Simple random sampling technique has been used to select the nine schools. <strong>Results:</strong> With a total of 47 subjects with asthma, 20 (42%) male and 27 (57.4%) female subjects have been included in the study. The age of subjects was between (15-23 years with mean 17 +-1.8). With a total of 47 participants with asthma, 33 (70.2%) participants had attacks of cough or wheeze more than a couple of times per week in the last month. The corresponding weight categories of those 33 participants were as follows: six were obese, nine of over-weight,14 were normal-weight and four of under-weight. Those who had attacks of cough or wheeze less than a couple of times per week in the last month were 14 (29.8%) participants and their corresponding weight class were: None of them were obese, four were overweight, eight of normal-weight and two were under-weight.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> Obesity could be a risk factor for severe asthma symptoms among the subjects. <strong>Recommendation:</strong> Further national study is needed for assessment the association between obesity and severity of asthma symptoms among students in secondary schools. Ameel Farooq Al Shawi, Ahmed Taha Darweesh, Hafsa Alkhair Hussein Abood, Mohammed Khalid Farhan, Sejeal Hudhairy Obaid https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194952 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Findings of Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neonatal Seizure https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194953 Aim of study to know the findings of brain MRI in neonates present with seizure. A retrospective study was done in Maternity &amp; pediatric teaching hospital in Al-Dywanyia city in Iraq, from May 2014 to June 2018. All included neonates diagnosed to have seizure, all of them had cranial magnetic resonance imaging. The standard MRI used protocol T1, T2, diffusion weighted image, gradient echo. Included patients had general anesthesia only 5 patients didn’t have anesthesia or sedation as they were in deep sleep during MRI examination. The results that more than half of neonate (58.5%)was male &amp; (41.5%) was female. Term neonate (60.4%) was more than preterm neonate (39.6%).High significant association between preterm &amp; term neonate with MRI findings also there is high significant association between age of neonate at time of 1<sup>st</sup> attack of convulsion &amp; positive brain MRI findings, abnormal l brain MRI was more common in neonate who had 1<sup>st</sup> onset on seizure in the 1<sup>st</sup> week of his life. Amjaad M. Hameed, Dergham M. Hameed, Hamid Sh. Dhahir, Thuraya H. Farhan, Senia A. Kadim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194953 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Papua’s Ant Nest Plant (Myrmecodia Pendens) Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of an Oral Malignant Burkitt Lymphoma Cell through Down Regulation of Cyclin E–CDK2 Complex https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194954 Efforts to inhibit the growth of oral Burkitt’s lymphoma cells require an effective strategy, one of that uses Papua’s ant nest plant (Myrmecodia pendens) which are natural medicinal plants. In the present study, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of an oral Burkitt’s lymphoma cell (Raji cell)-mediated by an ethyl acetate fraction of Papua’s ant nest plant through down regulation of cyclin E-CDK2 complex was examined. For detection of cell cycle arrest was evaluated by flow-cytometer. Induction of apoptosis was detected by colorimetric assay caspase-3, -8 and -9. The level of cyclin E and CDK2 was carried out by Elisa kit. The results revealed the active fraction of the ant nest was markedly induced the cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase according to increased concentration followed bythe induction of apoptosis characterized by elevated of proteolytic activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Cyclin E and CDK2 level was significantly decreased in cell treated with ant nest fraction. These results suggest the ethyl acetate fraction of the ant nest plant had a strong potential antitumor activity of oral malignant Burkitt’s lymphoma cell proofed by the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through down regulation of cyclin E-CDK2 complex. Ana Medawati, Supriatno, Sofia Mubarika, Sitarina Widyarini https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194954 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Influence of Social Cultural Capital and Marketing on Skin Whitening Products Use among Higher Education Female Students in the Northeast of Thailand https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194956 <strong>Introduction:</strong> There have been increasing trends of skin whitening products use globally. Social cultural capital has been identified as one of a significant determinants of skin whitening products use. However, there was no study on these issues in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to identify skin whitening products use situation and the association between social cultural capital, marketing, and skin whitening products use among female higher education students in the Northeast of Thailand. <strong>Method and Materials:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Northeast of Thailand among 1,143 female higher education students. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was used to identify the associations between social cultural capital, marketing and skin whitening products use when controlling other covariates. <strong>Results:</strong> Most of the respondents ever used skin whitening products (84.95%: 95%CI: 82.88–87.03), of which 52.66% (95%CI: 49.77–55.57) were current users, and 17.41% (95%CI: 15.21–19.61) were inappropriate use. The social cultural capital factor that were associated with skin whitening products use were those who were not satisfied with skin colors (Adj. OR=3.48; 95%CI=2.18–5.55; p&lt;0.001), had friends using skin whitening products (Adj. OR=2.63; 95%CI=1.71–4.04; p&lt;0.001, had thin to normal figures (Adj. OR=2.53; 95%CI=1.54–4.15; p&lt;0.001), and had family members using skin whitening products (Adj. OR=1.86; 95%CI=1.10–3.15; p=0.020), studied in humanities and social sciences (Adj. OR=2.07; 95%CI=1.25–3.45; p=0.005) and product marketing (Adj. OR=1.92; 95%CI=1.15–3.20; p=0.012). Moreover, other factors that were also associated with skin whitening products use were family monthly income. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Majority of the higher education female students were current skin whitening products users of which about one-sixth was inappropriate users. Both social cultural capital, marketing had influence on skin whitening products use. Anawat Phutongnak, Wongsa Laohasiriwong, Kittipong Sornlorm https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194956 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Knowledge Management Based Performance Improvement on Certified Health Workers in Health Center of South Sulawesi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194957 <strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Knowledge Management on improving the performance of health workers force at Primary Health Center of South Sulawesi. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> The research used qualitative method. The informants were 12 health workers. Data collection used was in-depth interviews. The tools used were tape recorders and camcorders.<strong> Finding and Discussion:</strong> This study found that the Knowledge Management method was relevant to be used in increasing the performance of health workers force in a group of health workers (Doctors, Nurses, Midwives, and SKM (Bachelor of Public Health) who come from different functional health positions) at the South Sulawesi Community Health Center. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Performance of health work force could be done using one method which was knowledge management. Andi Mansur Sulolipu, Ridwan Amiruddin, Sukri Palutturi, Ridwan M. Thaha, A. A. Arsunan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194957 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hearing Impairment among Primary School Children in Nasiriya City/Iraq During 2018 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194958 Across-sectional and comparative school-based study was carried out through multistage systematic random sampling for 9 public primary schools in Al-Nasiriya city from 1st of February/2018 -3th of May/2018. Primary information was obtained through prepared questionnaires including the socio-demographic characters of studied pupils. A total of 355 pupils were screened, 228(64.2%) of them were males and 127(35.8%) were female that ratio of male to female was 1.8 :1. Nearly half of pupils were within 6-7 years at (55.2%),and least one were within age group &gt;10 years (15.2%). Majority of pupils were within high socio-economic status (87.6%), and the remaining were within moderate (8.2%) - low class (4.2%). The extent of hearing impairment among pupils in Nasiriya city was 16% .Unilateral (9.2%) was more prevalent than bilateral (7%). of 58 pupils with hearing impairment,52(14.7%) of studied pupils had mild hearing impairment, and 6(1.7%) had moderate hearing impairment. Non showed moderately severe or sever or profound hearing loss. There was significant association between age, socio-economic status of studied population and Prevalence of hearing impairment by logistic regression analysis. Asaad Adil Mnaather, Sarah Noaman Al-Talaqani, Ali Abed Saadoon Al-Ghuzi, Mushtaq Neamah Al-Malki https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194958 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 In Silico Comparative Studies on Cytokine Receptor “Interleukin-11 Receptor” of Human, Rat and Mouse https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194959 <strong>Objectives:</strong> Interleukin-11 receptor with an imperative multifunctional role In normal cell signals and also in different pathologies, Interleukin-11 receptor with many statistical method obviously show how this protein is estimated to include possibly disordered regions in association with normal bonding partnerships. <strong>Method:</strong> The Interleukin-11 receptor conducted a concise comparative bioinformatic analysis of three different types of human, mouse and rat. The study was conducted using numerous statistical method to examine the function-correlation and structure of their corresponding amino acid sequences and the associated protein sequences. Physico-chemical properties, sequence conservation, and secondary functional details are studied on the basis of specific bioinformatics tools and techniques. Findings: in order to recognize both structural diversity and sequence, different bioinformatics techniques were used. Interleukin-11 receptor’s initial sequence analysis showed that they shared 86.1% similarity of the mouse and 81.9% identification of 85.4% and 80.5% identity of the rat similarity. With few exceptions, all sequences presented a high level of sequence survival. The physico-chemical analysis verified that there was no high evolutionary distance between mouse, rats and humans. Analysis of retained domains showed a clear structure of clustering, which also indicated the ancestral of the elationship among mouse, rat and human. The results suggest that IL may have originated from a common ancestor and may have diverged genetically in the course of evolution. Those studies will help the researchers to investigate the IL receptors functional differentiation and substratum binding process. Applications: Understand the evolutionary relationship and the sequence survival among humans, rats and mouse, which may lead to further studies in proteomics. Ashraf Fadhil Jomah https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194959 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Psychosocial Characteristics of Human Trafficking: A Systematic Review https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194960 The phenomenon of human trafficking is one of contemporary issue being seriously concerned. Its characteristics are repressive to human exploitation destination (individual or group)as well as a direct implication on human rights violations. Victim of trafficking has characteristics social typical for trading. The purpose of systematic review was to identify the psychosocial characteristics of human trafficking victims. Systematic search on March 12, 2019, in the data of Proquest, Springer Link, Scopus by key word Psychosocial Characteristics of Victims of Human Trafficking during 2013 -2018. The results found 13 appropriate journal that included into inclusion criteria, they were peer-reviewed journals in English, all forms of exploitation, the samples were aged &gt;15 years old. The results based on a). Demographic data Age (adults/children), gender, marital status, education level, place of residence (urban/rural), regional trade (national/international), religion, type of work, economic conditions before trading. b) Variable of exposures (smuggling status, the process of departure, detention in camps, forgery/fraud documents, employment status, obscure country of work, type of work). c) Method of recruitment using social media (Backpage, Facebook, dating website) and invited directly by recruiters. d) Type of exploitation (household slavery, exploitation of labor, financial exploitation, sexual exploitation). e) Characteristics of the exposure (restriction of movement, drug use, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, restriction/confinement, physical violence, the background to the incident trafficking, race, home life, relationships with parents/carers/ family members, economic opportunities, the recruiters-victim relationship, trust in strangers, lack of social support), f).Psychosocial variables as the impact of trafficking (the abuse of alcohol/drugs, involved in crime and a fugitive/police targets). Required a prevention effort to group or individual who had the same characteristics, thus, they did not fall to the incidence of trafficking. Awaliyah M Suwetty, Asti Melani Astari, Titin Andri Wihastuti https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194960 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Risk Factors for Obesity in Patients with Hypertension https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194961 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide. In 2018, NCDs’ prevalence had reportedly increased since 2013. Hypertension was the biggest cause of NCDsdiagnosed in health facilities, from 25.8% to 34.1%. Patients with hypertension and obesity are at increased risk of complications from diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. <strong>Objective:</strong> The present study aimed to determine risk factors for obesity in patients aged 25–69 years with hypertension. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the ‘Cohort Study of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases’, conducted in Bogor City, Kebon Kelapa Village in 2017. The population in this study included adult patients with hypertension aged 25–69 years. <strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of obesity in patients with hypertension was 47.4%.Risk factors that were significantly related to obesity in patients with hypertension included age groups 25–44 and 45–59, female gender and excessive energy intake (p = 0.009, 0.050, 0.025 and 0.039, respectively and odds ratio = 2.43, 1.73, 1.85 and 1.85, respectively). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Risk factors associated with obesity in patients aged 25–69 years with hypertension included age, gender and energy intake. Aylinda Wahyuni Putri, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194961 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 HIV and Zonke-bonke Syndrome in Mthatha Region of South Africa: Case Reports https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194962 <strong>Introduction:</strong> South Africa is an African rainbow nation, not only in its color of population, but also in the mixture of HIV infection. There is all three combinations are of HIV infection such as HIV-1, HIV-2, and both of them. This is matter of concern. <strong>Objective:</strong> To highlight the problem of HIV-1 and HIV-2 (combined) infection in Mthatha region of South Africa. <strong>Case History:</strong> First time four cases of HIV-1/2, mixed infection were reported within period of 1-year (2009). They were reported at Sinawe Center for examination for their sexually assaulted. The HIV screening tests were carried out for HIV infection. There were four patients were found positive for both HIV1 &amp; 2. Surprisingly, one was a child of 8-years of age. Multiple sexual partners some or other time crossed with West African who were harboring the type 2 HIV could be the cause of this mixed infection. This kind of promiscuous behavior with multiple partners is called as “Zonke-bonke syndrome”. The history, mode of transmission of HIV infection, and the consequences of mixed HIV infections is discussed in this case reports. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is prevalence of HIV-1 &amp; HIV-2 (mixed) infection in Mthatha region of South Africa. It is a serious matter of concern. B. Meel https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194962 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Performance of Midwives with Self Management as a Mediator from the Influence of Individual Factors https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194963 The performance of midwives is very influential on the performance of the organization in an effort to achieve its goals optimally. This study aims to prove that individual factors in the form of knowledge and skills with self management as mediation influence the performance of midwives in midwifery services at Kupang District Health Centers. Quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design conducted in 26 Puskesmas in Kupang Regency, with a sample of 220 implementing midwives, using the sampling method by simple random sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis, hypothesis testing with PLS. The results of this study prove that the skills of midwives have a significant effect on self management and midwife performance. Knowledge and skills of midwives with self management as mediation have a significant effect on the performance of midwives. Individual factors (knowledge and skills) directly and indirectly influence the performance of midwives with self-management as mediation. Bringiwatty Batbual, Fendy Suhariadi, Nyoman Anita Damayanti, Dra. Linda Augustien Makalew https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194963 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Health Literacy on Weighing Control and Use of Weight Loss Products among Working-age Women in the Northeast of Thailand https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194964 This cross-sectional study aimed to describe weight loss products’ use patterns and identify the association of health literacy on weight control and weight loss products use among working-age women in the Northeast of Thailand. The study was conducted among 1,190 respondents who were multistage randomly selected from 4 provinces of the Northeast region. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify the association between health literacy and weight loss products use when controlling the effects of other covariate presenting adjusted OR and 95% confidence interval. The results indicated that 23.19% (95% CI = 20.79-25.59) of the respondents ever used weight loss products, of which 11.60% (95% CI = 9.77-13.41) were current users. Levels of health literacy on weight control was statistically significant with weight loss products use including having; sufficient level of health literacy (adj. OR = 2.62: 95% CI=1.59-4.31, p-value &lt;0.001), problematic level of health literacy (adj. OR = 4.71: 95% CI=2.87-7.72, p-value &lt;0.001) and inadequate level of health literacy (adj. OR = 10.97: 95% CI=6.17-19.51, p-value &lt;0.001) when compared with having excellence level. The significant covariate was had waist circumference ≥ 80 cm. (Adj. OR = 4.12: 95% CI = 2.79-6.11, p-value =0.025), finished lower than bachelor degree (adj. OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.78-3.70, p-value &lt;0.001), had average monthly income ≥ 15,000 THB =(adj. OR = 3.08: 95% CI = 2.20-4.31, p-value &lt;0.001), About twenty three percent of working-age womenever used weight loss products. Health literacy was highly associated with used weight loss products. Chalee Yaworn, Wongsa Laohasiriwong, Kittipong Sornlorm https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194964 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Oko Mama Culture Betel Nut Consuming Habit in Kupang District and its Effect toward Salivary Ph and Flow Rate https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194965 Public health always associated to culture and lifestyle. Lifestyle itself constitutes a concept that commonly used to define “The way people live”, reflecting the whole social value, attitude, and activity. One of longterm culture that become personal habit is chewing betel nut. Oko Mama culture is the local culture of the Timorese tribe who consider it as the symbol of philosophy, dignity, enjoyment, beauty, also as a means of communication in society, political means, and delaying hunger. Several studies revealed several unbeneficial of chewing betel nut, such as acute betel nut toxicity, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorder, and congenital defect. Besides, betel nut may also alter oral health. This study is aiming to analyse the correlation of habitual chewing betel nut toward salivary pH and flow rate. This was an observational analytic study, by means of cross sectional design involving both on male and female aging 17-50 years old in 4 subdistrict, consisting of 2 remote areas and 2 urban areas. The correlation between variables was analysed using path analysis by means of Smart PLS 3.2.7. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between Oko Mama culture toward behaviour (p=0.316) and intention (p= 0.454), also a negative correlation between the culture toward oral hygiene knowledge (p=-0.185) and the effect of chewing betel nut knowledge (p = -0.111). A positive correlation also recorded toward perceived norm (p=0.931). While intention had a positive correlation toward behaviour (p=0.429). Regarding oral health, chewing betel nut had negative effect toward salivary pH (p=-0.167) and salivary flow rate (p=-0.210). Christina Ngadilah, N. Hari Basuki, Rika Subarniati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194965 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Ethanol Extract with Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa) Against sFlt-1 Level and VEGF Serum on Laboratory Mice with Preeclampsia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194966 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Preeclampsia is one of the complications that occur in pregnancies. This study was aimed to study the factors that affect the of giving ethanol extract with black cumin (Nigella sativa) against sFlt-1 level and VEGF serum on laboratory mice induced preeclampsia. <strong>Method:</strong> Laboratory experimental research with posttest only control group design. This study used 30 BALB/C laboratory mice, divided into 6 groups, namely negative controls: pregnant mice injected serum from normal pregnant women, positive controls; mice modeled preeclampsia, and treatment groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 are preeclampsia mice received a dose of 500 mg, 1000 mg, 1500 mg and 2000 mg/kg weight of Nigella sativa ethanol extract for 5 days. Statistical analysis using ANOVA <strong>Result:</strong> The mean serum sFlt-1 level in mice modeled preeclampsia and treatment group dose 500mg, 1000mg, 1500mg and 2000mg (2510.3+182.2 pg/mL, 2142.5+171.9 pg/mL, 1309+161.3 p/mL, and 1500+169.9, respectively) pg/mL) showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) and found a decrease in serum sFlt-1 levels with increasing doses. The mean serum VEGF levels in preeclampsia mice and treatment groups were 500 mg, 1000 mg, 1500 mg and 2000 mg (50.25±2.85b pg/mL, 60.18±4.81c pg/mL respectively, 71.89±2.38d pg/mL, 66.51±1.87 e pg/mL) showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) and found an increase in serum VEGF levels as the dose increased. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Giving of Black Cumin extract (Nigella sativa) decreases serum sFlt-1 levels and increases serum VEGF levels in preeclampsia mice model and the effect is dependent dose. Deasy Irawati, Hidayat Suyuti, Titi Maharrani, Fitriah, Ani Media Harrumi, Suryaningsih, Nursalam https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194966 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Biochemical Studies of Oxidative Stress During Ischemia Induce Myocardial Injuries https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194967 The study was designed as a biochemical study of the oxidative stress during hypotension caused by cardiac injury, the world’s first cause of death, using biomarkers and their role in laboratory diagnosis. The study included three sets of 40 blood samples from each people with myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and healthy people as a control group. Different biochemical variables such as ROS, GPX1, Troponin, C.K, and lipid profile were measured,and the results showed a significant increase in the level of concentration of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS (P-value 0,045) in patients with MI, (7.326 ±1.143ng/mL), and the Angina Pectoris was (6.037 ±1.669ng/mL) compared with the control group (1.046 ± 5.158ng/mL)A significant decrease in the level of Glutathione peroxidase GPX1 at the level of (P-value 0.038) in patients with myocardial infarction (1890 ±391pg/mL) was observed, while in Angina Pectoris was (2109 ±600pg/mL) and in control was (2386±401pg/mL) Furthermore, a varying rises in the level of troponin and creatine kinase in patients with myocardial infarction(29.03±22.99 ng/mL, 110.62±45.71 u/L)respectively, while in patients with Angina was (2.181±2.186 ng/mL, 39.730±12.79 u/L) compared with the control(0.139±0.1717 ng/mL, 16.283±5.133 u/L). The results of the study showed a significant increase of lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL)in patients with MI and AP, with an average concentration (344.6±67.4, 240.3±58.5, 43.00±6.89 mg/dL) for MI and (303.6 ± 86.1, 232.8 ± 65.8, 39.10 ± 5.86) for AP compared with the control group, with an average concentration Mean ± SD (159.2 ± 50.30, 102.9 ± 35.60, 31.00 ± 3.085) respectively. Deine Majeed Qadir, Mohsin Omar Mohammed, Mustafa Taha Mohammed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194967 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Cell free DNA in Maternal Blood as an Indicator of Fetal Complications https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194968 . https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194968 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Modified Early Warning Score Performance in Predicting the Outcome of Head Trauma Patients in Emergency Department https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194969 Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) is a useful scoring system that detects physiological changes in identifying adult medical surgical patients at risk for deterioration and death. Although it is a good predictor of deterioration and mortality in hospitalized patients, the performance of MEWS in the ED and specifically in head trauma patients is still untested. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of MEWS in predicting the outcome of head trauma patients in ED. We conducted a retrospective observational study at RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun, East Java Province, Indonesia. The sample using the medical record of patients with moderate-severe head trauma adjusted to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and used purposive sampling technique as many as 181 respondents. Multivariate analysis of ordinal logistic regression to determine the MEWS parameters that most influenced the outcome of head trauma patients, while the ability to predict outcomes was assessed using The Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) analysis. The ordinal logistic regression results show that AVPU parameters show an Odd Ratio (OR) value of =2.89, meaning that the poor AVPU parameter measurement results have a risk of obtaining a death outcome of 2.89 greater than the outcome of moderate disability, severe disability, vegetative state persistence. The AUC MEWS value to predict the outcome of head trauma patients was 0.777 (95% CI; 0710-0,836) so that based on the AUC value the level of accuracy of MEWS’s scoring predictions was in good classification. In conclusion, MEWS’s ability shows good performance in predicting the outcome of head trauma patients. Didik Mulyono, Nurdiana, RinikEko Kapti https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194969 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Contraception Counseling to Reduce Postpartum Unmet Needs: A Qualitative Study at Samarinda, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194970 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Family planning (FP) counseling has a large potential as a strategy for reducing postpartum unmet needs. This study aimed to explore the present-day implementation of FP counseling, and the expectations of providers and recipients of FP counseling. <strong>Method:</strong> The research design was a qualitative phenomenological study conducted at Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The research participants were selected with a maximum variation of purposive sampling. The data analysis used thematic analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> This study found that FP counseling is currently integrated with ANC. All available method are explained so that clients are confused and forgetful. The choice of method is based on medical questions only. FP counseling is expected to adjust to reproductive needs by cooperation a partner. The clients need more information about the method chosen using practical media counseling. Necessary additional health information and counseling media that can be taken home. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> At present there are still weaknesses in FP counselling. It is expected that counseling sessions are more practical, integrated with ANC, concise, easy to remember, meet reproductive needs, cooperation partners and be accompanied by other additional information. The use of a modified Balanced Counseling Strategy (BCS) for pregnant women is a wise and strategic choice. Dini Indo Virawati, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Siswanto Agus Wilopo https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194970 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Outbreak of Diarrhea in Pondok Duta Elementary School, Depok, 2018 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194971 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia. Diarrhea in Pondok Duta Elementary School, Depok was determined as an outbreak in 2018. The purpose of this study is to define the factor associated with diarrheal incidence and provide a recommendation for the outbreak prevention in the future. <strong>Method:</strong> This study is used retrospective cohort design, Chi square test andCox regression Proportional Hazard Regression Model. <strong>Results:</strong> 335 students(50,2%) were reported diarrhea in October 2018. Bivariate analysis showed that diarrhea was significantly associated with snack behaviour (RR=1.58,95% CI=1.32-1.89,p=0.000), drinking refilled water (RR=1.3,95%CI=1.11-1.52,p=0.003), use of water from old well (RR=1.24,95%CI=1.06- 1.45,p=0.010) and cutting nail (RR=1.21,95% CI=1.02-1.44,p=0.038). In final cox regression model, diarrhea was significantly associated with snack behavior (RR=1.70,95%CI=1.34-2.17,p=0.000)and use of water from anew well (RR=0.70,95%CI=0.53-0.93,p=0.010).Coliform and E.Coli were detected in the refilled water samples. <strong>Discussion:</strong> There was a great risk of infectious diarrhea among the students for two weeks. Snack behavior was the strongest factor in students diarrhea. Use of water from a new well was considered to be protective against the incidence of diarrhea. Improvement in providing healthy food at the canteen including maintaining the strict food hygiene, sanitation regulation and practices were essential. This recommendation needs to be followed up by the school administrators and local authorities. HNG Djadjuli, MK. Sudaryo, DAS Budi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194971 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Systolic Function of Left Ventricle Using Echocardiographic Examination https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194972 <strong>Objective</strong>: Metabolic syndrome may cause bad prognosis on diastolic or systolic function of the left ventricle. Thus, this research aimed to recognize the possible effect of metabolic syndrome on systolic and diastolic function of left ventricle using ECHO. <strong>Study Design:</strong> Prospective case-control study. <strong>Place and duration of study:</strong> Soad Kafafi Hospital, Egypt, from May 2016 to March 2018. <strong>Methodology:</strong> This research included forty patients with metabolic syndrome (18 male, 22 female, mean age=54.13±6.33 years) and forty control matching age and sex volunteers without history of metabolic syndrome disorder (15 male, 25 female, mean age=52.20±5.27).MS was defined according to ATP-NCEP III criteria. Waist circumference will be measured to all participants at the start of study inclusion. Height and weight was measured to calculate Body mass index using standardized formula. Participants underwent laboratory investigations and complete echocardiography. Left ventricular function of the heart was assessed using Echocardiographic examination. <strong>Results:</strong> There was a statistical significant difference regarding Left atrial (LA) diameter, Inter ventricular septum and posterior wall thickness in metabolic syndrome patients than normal control persons. The incidence of diastolic dysfunction was significantly higher in metabolic syndrome group compared to control. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> MS may cause LV diastolic dysfunction although systolic function was preserved. Doaa H. EL-Farook, Hatem A. Sarhan, Manal M. Mohamed, Ahmed EL-Barbary, Khaled A. Khaled https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194972 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Comparative Study of Vitamin D Levels and Some Biochemical Parameters between Healthy and Breast Cancer in Iraqi Females https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194973 Breast cancer is one of the most widespread cancers,depending on World Health Organization, cancer calculated for approximately 7.6 million incidences in 2008, whoever expected elevation in incidence is about 13.1 million in 2030. So that the current research investigates vitamin D role in the occurrence of this disease and explains if vitamin D has a positive effect on the incidence of disease, as well as measuring parathyroid hormone and estrogen levels. Three groups were included in this analysis: control healthy women, benign and malignant breast tumor women. All cases that were selected at the beginning of the disease diagnosis. According to statistical values vitamin D showed highly significant (P&lt;0.001) decrease in benign (3.74±2.33) ng/ml and malignant (4.38±3.12) ng/ml tumor patients compared with healthy group (24.96±7.24) ng/ml. Also a high significant increase was shown for PTH values in benign (208.37±132.5) pg/ml and malignant (133.9±60.02)pg/ml tumor patients compared with healthy group (67.04±25.6) pg/ ml. Furthermore, results revealed non-significant difference in estrogen levels between benign group (54.11±22.93) pg/ml, and control group (64.85±22.18)pg/ml, while there were a significant difference in levels of estrogen between control and malignant tumor groups (52.4±18. 09) pg/ml. As a results, we found that all patients had sever vitamin D deficiency compared with healthy group, as well as high levels of parathyroid hormone as evidence of vitamin D deficiency, while estrogen levels where within normal levels. We concluded that all patient groups were suffering from vitamin D deficiency and elevation in parathyroid hormone that gives evidence of the role of vitamin D as anti-cancer agent. Dunia Abdul Jabbar, Amer Hasan Abdullah, Bushra Hameed Ali https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194973 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Role of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Roll Over Test (ROT), and Body mass Index (BMI) in Preeclampsia Screening in Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194974 Objective: To evaluate the role of MAP, ROT, and BMI in preeclampsia screening in low resources setting. Method and Material: This is a retrospective study conducted on 1011 pregnant women who had an antenatal care at Public Health Center in Indonesia. Data taken from public health medical report. The sample groups were 45 preeclampsia patients who have had complete screening of MAP, ROT and BMI. The control groups were normal pregnant women who attained same inclusion criteria. Results: The preeclampsia group had positif MAP and obesity result respectively 95.6% and 40% of patients, but in control group only had 40% and 11.1% of patient have positive MAP and obesity respectively. Statistical test illustrates a significant association between MAP and BMI screening with the incidence of preeclampsia (p 0.0001, OR = 32.250 and p 0.002, OR = 5.333).Whereas positive ROT showed in 40% PE groups and 57.8% control group. There is no association between ROT screening and the incidence of preeclampsia (p 0.092). Conclusion: MAP and BMI can be used as baseline screening tools of preeclampsia in low resources setting. But ROT is not associated with the incidence of preeclampsia. Dwi Putri Rahayu Tampubolon, Lilik Herawati, Nursalam, Ernawati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194974 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effectiveness of the Cordial Older Family Nursing Model in Order to Improve the Quality of Family Care for Older Persons https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194975 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Older people generally experience an overall functional decline and that may cause high dependence upon their families. The object of this study is to devise The Cordial Older Family Nursing Model in order to improve the quality of family care on them. Material and Method This study used an operational research design that passed through three steps of research. <strong>Findings:</strong> The results of this study, were as follows: 1.) Step I: Informational support and coping strategies Acquiring Social Support were the predominant variables of older persons abuse. 2.) Step 2: The results of The Cordial Older Family Nursing Model with module, worksheet, and training curriculum 3.) Step III: There was a significant difference between family support (both informational and instrumental, family strategy, coping criteria and the incidence of elder abuse inter measurement. <strong>Discussion:</strong> The cordial older family nursing model testing indicated improvement of mean value of total family support before and after treatment on intervention group which means the capability of family in providing support in elderly care giving were improving. This was carried out during a trimester after the application of the model between interventional and control groups. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The replication of models in cities across Indonesia Continuous training for nurses, health carers, and caregivers while taking care of homebound older adults. Etty Rekawati, Achir Yani S. Hamid, Junaiti Sahar, Sudijanto Kamso, Widyatuti, Lita Heni Kusumawardani https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194975 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Low-Birth-Weight and Birth- Asphyxia Infants at Haji Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194976 <strong>Introduction:</strong> The incidence of early-onset neonatal sepsis is still high, therefore special attention is needed early detection of risk factors for early management. Many risk factors could affect early-onset neonatal sepsis such as birth-weight and birth-asphyxia. <strong>Aim:</strong> This study explored the risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis among neonates at Haji Hospital, Surabaya City, Indonesia. <strong>Method:</strong> This study was observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The data used retrospective document review was conducted in NICUs of Haji Hospital, Surabaya City, Indonesia. 1.461 infants were born from January 2018 to December 2018. The data analysis of this study was the Chi-Square Test and Multiple Logistic Regression Test using SPSS for windows v.17. <strong>Result:</strong> This study involved 1.461 infants with one hundred seventy-eight suffered of sepsis. The study found out that low-birth-weight and birth-asphyxia were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis (p&lt;0.001). Last, the result of multiple regression analysis showed that early-onset sepsis was influenced by low-birthweight (p&lt;0,001; RR: 10.405; CI: 6.346 to 17.061) and birth-asphyxia (p&lt;0.001; RR: 17.038; CI: 10.644 to 27.271). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The neonatal sepsis was influenced by low-birth-weight and birth-asphyxia. Based on these results we recommend to focus on the intensive treatment for infants who suffered asphyxia and had lowbirth- weight Euvanggelia Dwilda Ferdinandus, Berliana Devianti Putri https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194976 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Comparative Study between Elastic Nail Versus Plates and Screws in the Treatment of Diaphyseal Both Bone Forearm Fracture in Children https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194977 <strong>Objective:</strong> Compare between titanium flexible nail and plate fixation for fracture both radius and ulna regarding the operation time, time of union, functional outcome and complications for each method. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> A prospective comparative study, involved 44 children with displaced fractures of the radius and ulna were reviewed. Group1; (23 patients)underwent closed reduction-intramedullary fixation. Whereas, Group2; (21 patients)underwent open reductioninternal fixation with plates. Patients were followed up for 24 weeks. <strong>Results:</strong> Both treatments achieved excellent clinical outcomes and union rate, flexible intramedullary nailing showed better cosmoses, shorter operating and discharge times but the disadvantage is radiation exposure. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both titanium elastic nail and compression plates and screws can be expected to yield excellent results and are proper for treating pediatric forearm shaft fractures. Intramedullary nailing was safe, effective, and easy to do in the management of both-bone forearm shaft fractures in children. Farouk Makkie Abdulkareem, Las Hwaizi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194977 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Humanoid Robot Integration in Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Conditions https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194978 Robots find numerous applications in medical/health domains and are extensively used in commercial as well as domestic applications to support daily life activities. Human robot (HR) has widened their wings to be used in rehabilitation applications. Interest in robots that provide health care is growing as one of the upcoming fields of next generation. In this study we investigated the Robot-patient performance in physical rehabilitation. A group of musculoskeletal patients diagnosed with pain in muscles or joints or both, aged 20 to 65 years was chosen for the study. The robot was programmed to instruct and guide the patients for physical rehabilitation activities for three trials of 30 minute sessions on different days. The sessions involved interaction with a humanoid robot. Robot was programmed for a set of active exercises with a classified sequences that are time and motion managed. Verbal communication between the robot and patients allowed for re-start, stop, resume and replay functions. The whole performance was filmed and reviewed from the perspectives of the impact on the patient as well as the performance of the robot. The whole process was validated by performing the same procedure on a trial basis with healthy individuals to ensure the setup is operated smoothly. The performance of each variable was evaluated in three successive sessions. Evaluated functions include clarity, therapy sequence, interaction, voice, timing, independency, operation, technical performance and degree of freedom. Results were computed as percentages by an external assessor. Results demonstrated dynamic learning in the 1st and 2nd sessions which showed a remarkable improvement in the 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> sessions. The overall average of the performance for the last 3 sessions was 91+%. Referring to this outcome, it could be concluded that the robot may have the potential to influence the physical therapy imitation. However,to establish the extent of this influence affirmatively, a bigger sample will be needed with a wider variety of patients. Fayz S. Al-Shahry, Rayan F. Al-Shehri https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194978 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Validity of the Fast Scan for Diagnosis of Intra-Abdominal Injury in Blunt Abdominal Trauma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194979 <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the validity of FAST scans in the diagnosis of bluntabdominal trauma in keeping with findings on CT scan and laparotomy. <strong>Methodology:</strong> This study was carried out at Department of Accident and Emergency, Minia University Hospital, from August 2017 to August 2019. FAST scan was performed as part of the primary or secondary survey of the trauma patient in the emergency department in all patients with suspected bluntabdominal trauma. <strong>Results:</strong> Our study included 150 patients with suspected blunt abdominal trauma who underwent CT abdomen or exploratory laparotomy or both CT abdomen and exploratory laparotomy. The mean age was 32.3±14.4 years. Forty-four patients (29.3%) were hemodynamically unstable and 106 (70.7%) were hemodynamically stable. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> FAST scan has good diagnostic accuracy. It can beroutinely utilized to triage the blunt abdominal trauma patients for laparotomy,however, a multi-institutional research study in our setup is required to further validate the findings of our study. Asaad Abd El Rahman abd El Aziz, Salah El-Din Abd El-Razik Mahmoud, Ashraf Mohamed Hassan El-Sherif, Ahmed Mohamed Kamal El-Din, Ashraf Abdel Azeem Mohamed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194979 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association of Serum Levels of Vitamin D and Interleukin 6 in Type 1 Diabetes in an Egyptian Population https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194980 Type 1 diabetes is an inflammatory disease of the pancreatic is lets due interaction of activated T-cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the immune infiltrate. Vitamin D has vital immunomodulatory properties that help in prevention of occurrence of T1DM.IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine which has role in the pathogeneses of type 1 diabetes. This study was conducted to evaluate levels of vitamin D and IL6 in type 1 diabetic children and their relation to RBS, glycemic control and c-peptide level. Ashraf M. Osman, Hanan M. Kamel, Lamia H. Ali, Hend M. Moness, Dalia A. Meshref https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194980 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Cost Reduction Using the Time Driven Activity-Based Costing Method for Chemotherapy Treatment Costs for Breast Cancer Patients in the Era of National Health Insurance (JKN) at Airlangga University Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194981 Breast Cancer is one of the leading cause of death in Indonesia after cervical cancer. Indonesian Breast Cancer patients should get managed well in order to make eficient and sufficient treatment without reducing the quality. The National Health Insurancewell known as Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) supporting Breast Cancer treatment via BPJS stands for Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (Indonesian Government Insurance Coverage). Generally, the payment method in BPJS are divided based on INA CBG’s and outside INA CBG’s which the payment depends on hospital class. INA CBG’S packages including consultation, accommodation, medical, medical treatment (operation andnon-operation). Packages outside of INA CBGS’S include anticancer drugs, health aids, chronic drugs, ambulances and CAPD. This package encourages hospitals to be able to make efficiencies so it is not going to make financial loss for Hospital. The research goal is giving best treatment to Breast Cancer patient without financial loss for the hospital. Measurement Used Time Driven Activiy Based Costing. Moreover The Benefit of this research are (1). Reducing cost (direct and indirect) without decreasing patients quality treatment. (2). Reducing patient treatment time at the hospital since the patient get direct doctors’ therapy. To date The Results of this reseach are (1). Day care treatment can be compressed into two days and (2) Reducing length of stay. Diana Suteja, Djoko Agus Purwanto, Pradana Zaky Romadhon, Aditea Etnawati Putri, Retno Handiarti Oktamia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194981 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association of Sleep Quality with Fatigue among Cancer Patient who Took Chemotherapy in Jend. Ahmad Yani Hospital Metro City 2018 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194982 Cancer requires various treatment modalities based on realistic goals that can be achieved for each type of cancer. Chemotherapy has advantages over other therapies because chemotherapy drugs are able to have a systemic effect in damaging cancer cells even though the cancer cells undergo metastases far spread from their original place. Cancer patients during chemotherapy experience sleep disorders and fatigue complaints. This study aims to determine the relationship of sleep quality with fatigue in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The design of this study is quantitative using a cross sectional approach. The method of sample collection is purposive sampling. The study sample was 30 cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. The measurement of sleep quality uses the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) instrument and the measurement of fatigue uses the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) instrument. Chi square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between sleep quality and fatigue (p-value=0.001). Conclusion nursing intervention is needed for the quality of sleep in an effort to overcome fatigue in cancer patients. Sapti Ayubbana, Anik Inayati, Indhit Tri Utami, Janu Purwono, Ludiana https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194982 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Post-Traumatic Growth with Police Officer: System Review (Focused on Korean and Foreign Studies) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194983 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze literature related to post-traumatic growth with police officer. Method: Systematic review of studies published were conducted through a vatiety of databases such as Ovid-Embase, Ovid-Medline, The cochrane library, Pubmed, RISS. The research terms included Police officers, Police, Trauma, Posttraumatic growth, Growth. Results: All studies were correlation analysis. In the Korean researches, PTG was positively correlated with self-esteem, problem focused coping, emotion focused coping, social support, self-disclosure and deliberate rumination. In the foreign researches, PTG was correlated with thriving, resilience, events involving threat, personal relationship stress, trauma severity, life stress, and gratitude. Demographic variables such as Female, White were also associated with PTG. Conclusion: To improve post-traumatic growth of police officers, strategies to increase stress coping, social support, are needed. Strategies to decrease stress, trauma and PTSD symptoms should be developed. Seung Woo Han https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194983 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Quality of Life among Sample of Children and Teenagers with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Holy City of Karbala/Iraq 2019 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194984 <strong>Background:</strong> Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM)is one of the most widely seen chronic disease in child hood and its prevalence rate till age of 18 is approximately one in every 300 and its late complications responsible for reduced life expectancy and major health coasts. <strong>Aims:</strong> To assess the quality of life (QOL) among children and teenagers with T1DM and its determinants and to compare their QOL to that of healthy peers. <strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> A case-control study was carried out in Al Imam Hussain Medical City in Holy Kerbala / Iraq. The sample size included 164 diabetic child as case group and 330 healthy child as a control group. The participants were selected by consecutive convenience sampling technique; the information were collected by using specific questionnaire through direct interview with the participants. The study was performed during the period from 1st of December 2018 to 31<sup>th</sup> of August 2019. <strong>Results:</strong> There were a significant difference in each domain and in all quality of life between the study groups; In addition to that there was a significant association between QOL of diabetic children and certain variables like gender, birth order, number of siblings and paternal education. The study also concluded a negative correlation between the age of the child and QOL there is no significant association between QOL and residence or economic state. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Iraqi children and teenagers with T1DM who live in Kerbala governorate and aged between 5-18 year had poorer QOL than healthy peers. The QOL is associated in all or some domains with certain factors and not associated with others. Wasan Mahdi Abbas Aljallad, Saad Ibrahim Al-Ghabban, Moatasem Ghazi Hassoon Al-Mhanna https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194984 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Factors Associated with Incomplete Vaccination among Children below 4 Years in Holy Karbala/Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194985 <strong>Background:</strong> Vaccines has an essential role for the prevention of infectious diseases. It has an important role in promoting child survival, several reasons are related to incomplete vaccination of children. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To find out the reasons related to incomplete vaccination among children under five years in Karbala city. <strong>Method:</strong> A cross sectional study, convenient sample of 400 children was approached who attended primary health care centers in urban and rural areas in Karbala city. Data collection done between the first of March to 30th of June, 2019 through direct interview using a questionnaire adapted from similar researches. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 24 was used for data analysis and P value of a level &lt; 0.05 considered significant. <strong>Results:</strong> The most (22.2%) reported reason for incomplete vaccination that are related to the health centers was unavailability of vaccine. Child sickness (33.5%) and fear of adverse effects (31.5%) were the most reported reasons for incomplete vaccination that are related to the family and child. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Unavailability of vaccine, child sickness and fear of adverse effect were the most reported reasons for incomplete vaccination. Zahraa Khudhair Abdul Alabass, Shahrazad Shamki A.L. Jobori, Anwer H. Al-khafagi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194985 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Chipping Resistance of Nanosilica Treated Zirconia Cores Veneerd with Porcelain after Thermocycling and Cycling Loading https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194986 <strong>Aim:</strong> This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nanosilia surface coating of pre-sintered zirconia on chipping of veneered zirconia crowns after thermocycling and cyclic loading. <strong>Method:</strong> Twenty zirconia cores were subjected to nanosilica slurry treatment before sintering then veneered and fired to produce crowns. The crowns ere cemented by resin cement on their epoxy dies and 10 crowns were subjected to 10000 thermocycles and 10000cyclic loading. All crowns were loaded till chipping of veneer layer then the chipped surfaces were examined by SEM/EDX. <strong>Results:</strong> Crowns which were subjected to thermocycling and cyclic loading gave lower chipping resistance than the non-aged crowns. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Treatment of zirconia cores with nanosilica before sintering and after thermal and mechanical aging didn’t increase the chipping resistance of the veneer layer. Hanaa F. Mahmoud, Yaser F. Gomaa, A. Nour A. Habib https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194986 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Fracture Force of CAD-CAM-fabricated Occlusal Veneer Restorations with Different Thicknesses https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194987 <strong>Purpose:</strong> To evaluate the fracture force of occlusal veneer restorations using ceramic material (Lithium di-silicate) and hybrid ceramic (VITA Enamic) Computer Aided Desingn/Computer Aided Manufacturer (CAD/CAM) material at different thicknesses after thermocycling. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> Thirty CAD/CAM occlusal veneer restorations were fabricated from group E (IPS e.max CAD), V (VITA Enamic) and divided into subgroups according to thickness 0.3, 0.6, 1 mm. The occlusal veneers were luted to epoxy dies (n=5). The specimens were subjected to thermocycling test then they were subjected to load until fracture using a computer controlled materials testing machine. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Two-ways analysis of variance (ANOVA). <strong>Results:</strong> There was no significant difference in the fracture force between the two materials regardless the thickness. The fracture force increases with the increase of the thickness. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> VITA Enamic hybrid ceramic material is closer to IPS e.max CAD ceramic material in the fracture force. With the increase of thickness, it leads to increase of fracture force. <strong>Clinical Implication:</strong> Within the limitation of this in-vitro study, hybrid ceramic (VITA ENAMIC) and IPS e.max CAD are clinically applicable as occlusal veneer restoration with thickness 0.6 mm and more. Hanaa Saber Rabeae, Cherif Adel Mohsen, Shams Waaz Amgad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194987 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Antibacterial Activity of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas Gingivalis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194988 The aim of this study was to find the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of sappan wood ethanol extract (<em>Caesalpinia sappan</em> L.) toward the growth of <em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> and <em>P. gingivalis</em>. The randomized posttest only control group design was applied to this study. The sappan wood ethanol extract was conducted with maceration method using 96% ethanol. Diluted to 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and 0.39% concentration. The MIC and MBC values of sappan wood ethanol extract toward <em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> and P. gingivalis was then known via the evaluation for Colony Forming Units (CFUs) in MH medium. The MIC and MBC of sappan wood ethanol extract toward<em> A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> and P. gingivalis was at 1.56% and 3.125% concentration. The ethanol extract of sappan wood reduces the number of bacterial colonies significantly at p=0.00. This study concluded that the growth of <em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> and P. gingivalis can be inhibited by sappan wood ethanol extract (<em>Caesalpinia sappan</em> L.) at MIC 1.56% and MBC 3.125% concentration. Hendrik Setia Budi, Pratiwi Soesilowati, Mitha Jati Wirasti https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194988 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hormonal Regeims Using for Early Puberty Induction of Iraqi Female Lambs https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194989 This study was accompanies on thirty-six female lambs in addition, six rams of proven fertility were used in the present study in a private flock at Samawa/Iraq in breeding season at November 2018. The ages of lambs ranging from 8-12 months and weighing 30 to 35 kg were used in the study. All ewe lambs are awassi breed. The experimental lambs were divides into three groups randomly each group have twelve lambs. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received intra-vaginal sponges containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate FGA (Chronogest, Intervet®) for 14 days, the lambs were given intramuscularly 200 IU (group 1, n= 12), 300 IU (group 2, n=12) and 400 IU (group 3, n= 12) of PMSG (Intervet®, Holland) after removing of intravaginal sponges within 14 h . Estrous was monitored every 6h from 12 to 120 h following injection of PMSG. The lambs were considers in estrous when they were mounts by the rams. The pregnancy of ewes was determined after one month by using of ultrasonography and after 3 months depended to abdominal distention and then waiting until time of parturition. The results showed that the all ewe lambs in the group 2 of treatment (T2) (FGA+300IU PMSG), but only two ewes lambs and one ewe lamb were not appear estrus from group 1 of treatment (T<sub>1</sub>) (FGA+200IU PMSG) and group 3 of treatment (T<sub>3</sub>) (FGA+400IU PMSG) respectively. The study showed that the estrus response, pregnancy rate and lambing rate were not significantly differences between the three treatments groups at (P˂0.05). Estrus response in three groups was 83.3%, 100%, 91.6% respectively. Pregnancy rate in three groups were 100%, 83.3%, 90.9% respectively .Lambing rate in three groups were 100% in all groups. The result showed there are no significant differences between the treatments groups in litter size and number of lambs (P˂0.05).This study appeared single lambing were 100%, 90%.100% respectively while twins lambing were zero, 10%, zero respectively and this study did not appear triple lambing. Hussein Abbas Khamees, Jawad Khadim Taher, Haider Rashash Abbas https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194989 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation of Angiopoietin One and Angiopoietin Two with Missed Abortion https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194990 Missed abortion (MA) is a type of miscarriage, refer to pregnancy in which there is fetal demise without intervention, and also uterine that may expel the product of conception prior to 20 weeks of gestation to assess the role of ANG1 and ANG2 level in early pregnancy and compare these level with healthy pregnancy women, ANG1 play role in new blood vessels maturation and stabilization, the inhibition of endothelial apoptosis and reduction of vascular permeability in stable environment. ANG2 is an antagonist of ANG1 and it known to enhance the plasticity, destabilization and permeability of blood vessels and vascular remodeling site. A prospective cross - study, all women were attended to obstetrics and gynecology outpatient,and this study was carried out from Jan 2019 to July 2019. Sixty Women with missed miscarriage fetus heart negative 6-8 weeks were screened to participate in the present study group, Ages were between 18 – 35 years old, and they were from center and the periphery of Kirkuk city to comparative forty apparently health women with early pregnancy fetus heart positive a control groups. A serum level of ANG1 and ANG2 was measured by ELIZA. The result shows that the mean serum level of Angiopoietin one was significantly decrease in missed mischarge compared to control women (2.92±2.4 vs. 5.6±3.2 ng/ml) respectively at a P &lt; 0.05. And this study showed that there was the significant decrease serum level of angiopoietin two in missed miscarriage patients compared with the control group women (8.12±3.5 vs. 16.81 ±12.3). This study showed that there were the positive correlations of Angiopoietin one and two with missed miscarriage. It can be conclude that the level of serum Angiopoietin -1 and level of serum angiopoietin -2 in missed abortion decrease and it is can be used as an early and effective biomarker for diagnosis of missed abortion. Hussien Saeed Masood, Sami Akreem Zbaar, Bushra Mustafa Mohamed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194990 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Cellular Phone and Laptop Radiation Effects on Subjective Complaints in Informatics Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194991 The increasing use of cell phones and laptops in today’s modern society has a negative impact on health; one such impact is on informatics students, who struggle with the use of cell phones and computers in their daily activities. This study aimed to determine the relationship between radiation exposure to cell phones and laptops with subjective complaints in the form of sleep quality, headache, dry eye syndrome (DES) and concentration disorders. The research is analytic observational and cross-sectional approaches. The study used simple random sampling to select 112 respondents, all of which were informatics students of Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS). The Pearson correlation test results were obtained from cell phone and laptop radiation exposure with sleep quality (p &lt;0.05; r = 0.192), headache (p &lt;0.05; r = 0.510), dry eye syndrome (p &lt;0.05; r = 0.1950) and disturbances concentration (p &lt;0.05; r = 0.406). Isna Qadrijati, Haris Setyawan, Seviana Rinawati, Tutug Bolet Atmojo, Rizka Andhasari Santoso, Akbar Fadilah, Realita Sari https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194991 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Correlation Analysis between Hypertension Controlling Factors and Blood Pressure in the Elderly Living in Griya Werdha Retirement Home, Surabaya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194992 <strong>Background:</strong> Hypertension is a condition when the blood pressure in blood vessels increases chronically. Living a healthy life has been shown to reduce blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The reduction of body weight and mental stress, low sodium diet, and increased physical activities can also reduce the risk of hypertension. <strong>Objective:</strong> To analyze the hypertension controlling factors of the elderly’s blood pressure living in Griya Werdha Retirement Home in Surabaya.<strong> Method:</strong> In this study, the method used was descriptive analytical design with cross-sectional approach by using purposive sampling technique. This study involved 18 elderly with the following inclusion criteria: elderly who had systolic blood pressure of more than 120mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of more than 80 mm Hg. The independent variables in this study were the food diet and body mass index, while the dependent variable was the blood pressure. The collected data was analyzed by using Spearman’s Rho correlation test with a significance level α &lt;0.05. <strong>Results:</strong> The research results found that the majority of elderly people were 60-75 years old, female, had stayed for more than 12 months and had a history of hypertension of 5 years or more. the analysis results of reaearch variables using the Spearman’s Rho correlation test indicated that the p-value for the variables of DASH dietary, body mass index, stress and physical activities were all more than 0.05. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> DASH diet, body mass index, stress and physical activities did not have correllation with blood pressure, thus, no variables were associated with controlling hypertension on the elderly living in UPTD Griya Werdha Retirement Home in Surabaya. Jaka Surya Hakim, Harmayetty, Laily Hidayati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194992 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association of Exon Deletion of MXI1 Gene with Cervical Abnormalities and Cancers Incidence in Some Iraqi Married Women https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194993 Cervical cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies representing the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in females’ worldwide, with approximately 500,000 new cases diagnosed and 280,000 deaths occurring each year. Mxi1, an antagonist of c-Myc, maps to human chromosome 10q24-q25, a region altered in a substantial fraction of prostate tumors, in prostate cancer, where a high frequency of loss and mutation of the MXI1 gene has been reported. The aim of present study was to find out the possible association of exon deletion of MXI1 gene with incidence of cervical abnormalities and cancers in some Iraqi married women. The present study include collection of 120 scraping cervical cells samples from women clinically diagnosed with cervical abnormalities and cancer, and 30 scraping cervical cells samples from apparently healthy women and all these samples were submitted for cytological and histopathological examination. DNA was extracted from all these samples, and then the singleplex PCR was performed with primers targeted the exon1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of MXI1 gene. The results of cytological examination showed that 30(25%), 21(17.5%), 15(12.5%), 11(9.16%), 2(1.66%), 1(0.83%), 22(18.33%) and 18(15%) out of 120 scraping cervical cells samples were detected for ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL, SCC, AGUS, cervicitis, and cervicitis with squamous metaplatia, respectively. Also the results of histopathological examination showed that 32(26.66%), 19(15.83%), 17(14.16%), 11(9.16%), 1(0.83%), 22(18.33%) and 18(15%) out of scraping cervical cells samples were detected for CINI, CINII, CINIII, SCC, adenocarcinoma, cervicitis, and cervicitis with squamous metaplatia, respectively. The results of singleplex PCR revealed that the positive singleplex PCR samples were identified by presence of 240, 140, 210, 200, 260, 300 bp amplicons of the exon1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of MXI1 gene respectively. The PCR results exhibited that 57(47.5%) out of 120 scraping cervical cells samples were showed deletion in the exon5 represented by 22(38.59%), 11(19.29%), 8(14.03%), 7(12.28%) and 9(15.78%) out of 57 positive deletion samples that were detected for ASCUS, CINI, CINII, CINIII and SCC, respectively. In addition, the results showed that 22(73.33%) out of 30 ASCUS, 11(34.37%) out of 32 CINI, 8(42.1%) out of 19 CINII, 7(41.17%) out of 17 CINIII, and 9(81.81%) out of 11 SCC were had exon5 deletion. Whereas 63(52.5%) out of 120 scraping cervical cells samples were didn’t show any deletion in the exon5 of MXI1 gene. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The exon deletion of MXI1 gene was clearly associated with the exon5, whereas other exons of MXI1 gene didn’t show any deletion, and the results revealed there was remarkable association between the exon5 deletion and the incidence of precancerous stages include ASCUS, CINI, CINII, CINIII and cancerous stage represented by SCC. Jinan J. Al-Mussawy, Abdul-Hussein M. Al-Faisal, Saife D. Al-Ahmer, Asan A. Qasim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194993 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Curcumin and 6-Shogaol Increase Hemoglobin F Levels by Inhibiting Expression of STAT3 mRNA Gene in K562 Line Cell https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194994 One of the approaches for beta-thalassemia therapy is the induction of the Haemoglobin F (Hb F). Curcumin and 6-Shogaol are empirically known to induce HbF, but the signalling cascade has not been widely explained. This study aims to uncover the potential of Curcumin and 6-shogaol in inhibiting the expression of STAT3 mRNA gene.This study uses the K562 erythroleukemic line cell model with an experimental design post-test only with a control group. There are 5 groups, each group has 3 replications, named the control group without treatment, the positive control group with Hydroxyurea treatment (75 μM), the combination treatment group of Curcumin (2 μM) and 6-Shogaol (10 μM), the single curcumin (2 μM) treatment group and a single 6-Shogaol (10 μM) treatment group. Test samples were taken in 72-h and 96-h time series, then RNA extraction from the cell line was continued by cDNA synthesis. The expression of STAT3 mRNA gene was measured using the qRT-PCR technique; then, the Hb F level was measured by the ELISA method. Statistical analysis using ANOVA test with significance level p &lt;0.05. In the 72-h time series, there was a significant decrease in STAT3 Gena mRNA expression (p &lt;0.05). The lowest single curcumin group (p &lt;0.01) followed by a single 6-Shogaol group (p &lt;0.05) compared to the untreated control group, while the positive control group with hydroxyurea treatment and the Curcumin and 6-shogaol combination treatment groups are not significant. Hb F levels, there was an increase in 96-h time series (p &lt;0.05) respectively from highest to lowest in the curcumin group (p &lt;0.05), 6-shogaol (p&gt; 0.05) compared to the control group, but in the positive control group (p&gt; 0.05) and the combination group (p&gt; 0.05) it is lower than the control group without any treatment. Curcumin and 6-shogaol increase Hb F levels through inhibition expression of STAT3 mRNA Gene on K562 cells. The results of this study could be the basis for further research in vivo to reveal the signalling pathway in Hb Finduction therapy. Joko Setyono, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Edy Meiyanto, Mustofa Mustofa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194994 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Introduction of Probiotic Type of Yogurt for the Treatment of Dysbiosis of Patients with Lymphogranulomatosis Under Polychemotherapy by BEACOPP‑II Protocol https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194995 The efficacy of using probiotic preparations of the yogurt type was studied in 136 patients with lymphogranulomatosis, suffering from intestinal dysbiosis while taking antibiotic therapy and polychemotherapy (BEACOPP-II protocol). It was found that probiotics of this type are highly effective for the treatment of dysbiotic disorders of the intestines in cancer and hematological patients. Their use significantly reduces the risk of complications such as an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, belching, heartburn, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, discomfort or periodic abdominal pain. It is recommended that prolonged therapy with a probiotic of the yogurt type be used in these groups of patients. V. B. Kaliberdenko, E. S. Kuznetsov, M. N. Morozova, A. L. Malev, A. N. Zakharova, K. Shanmugaraj, K. Balasundaram https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194995 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Influence of Mental Health and Social Relationships on Quality of Life among Myanmar Migrant Workers in the South of Thailand https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194996 <strong>Background:</strong> Previous studies indicated that mental health and social relationships have influence on quality of life. However, there are limited studies on the association between mental health and social relationshipson quality of life among Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. <strong>Method:</strong> This study aimed to determine the prevalence of quality of life and the influence of mental health and social relationships on quality of life among Myanmar migrant workers in the South of Thailand. This crosssectional analytical study was conducted among 794 Myanmar migrants who were selected by using a multistage random sampling from 2 provinces in the South of Thailand to respond to a structured questionnaire interview. The generalized linear mixed model analysis was performed to determine the association between mental health and social relationships on quality of life when controlling other covariates. <strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of good quality of life among Myanmar migrant workers was 11.46% (95%CI:9.24- 13.68). Mental health and social relationships were significantly associated with good quality of life were; no had depressive symptoms (adj. OR=3.83; 95%CI: 2.28-6.43, p-value &lt; 0.001), had good relationship with employers (adj. OR=3.02; 95%CI: 1.71-5.31, p-value &lt; 0.001) and had high level of involvement with peers (adj. OR=1.90; 95%CI: 1.09-3.32, p-value &lt; 0.023). Significant covariates were average personal monthly incomes and received health information. About one-tenth of Myanmar migrant workers had a good quality of life. Mental health, social relationships and access to health information had influenced their quality of life. Kanit Hnuploy, Wongsa Laohasiriwong, Kittipong Sornlorm, Thitima Nutrawong https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194996 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Lumbosacral MRI Findings in Chronic Lower Back Pain https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194997 <strong>Background:</strong> Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders demandinghospital visits. Intervertebral discdegeneration is a known cause of chronic low LBP back pain. The relation between changes in the lumbar spine and lower back pain is controversial. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To assess LSS MRI findings in patients with CLBP, and to show the relation of disc degeneration with age and gender.<strong> Material and Method:</strong> 218 adult patients with chronic lower back pain (pain more than 12 weeks) did Lumbosacral spine MRI, at Azadi Teaching Hospital/Kirkuk city, from March/2017 to April/2018, those with a positive history of spinal pathology other than osteoarthritis were excluded. The disc degenerative MRI changes at each lumbar disc were assessed and correlated according toage and gender. <strong>Results:</strong>146 of patients were male, and 72 of them were female, their age ranged from (16-73 years). Males and elderly patients were affected by disc degeneration more. 92.2% of patients had disc degeneration, followed by disccontour abnormality, facet joint arthrosis, high-intensity zone (HIZ), spinal canal stenosis, Modicchanges (MC), Schmorl’s nodes (SN), and spondylolesthesis. L4-L5 disc was the most commonly involved level by disc degeneration, followed by L5-S1disc, the least level was L1-L2. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Most patients with CLBP have DDD. Older males are the most susceptiblepeople to develop DDD which affect most commonly L4-L5 disc level, other findings mayassociate with DDD are MC, SN, HIZ, facet joint arthrosis, spinal stenosis, andspondylolesthesis. Kermanj Ismail Bakr, Israa Mohammed Sadiq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194997 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Early Versus Conventional Postoperative Oral Feeding after Elective Colonic Anastomosis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194998 <strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of early oral feeding after elective colonic anastomosis. <strong>Method:</strong> The study was conducted upon 40 cases at Kasr Al- Ainy teaching hospital. The cases were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Early feeding): 20 patients began fluids on the first postoperative day and advanced to a regular diet within the next 24–48 h, as tolerated. Group 2 (Regular feeding): 20 patients were managed in the traditional way (nothing by mouth for five days). <strong>Results:</strong> Anastomotic leakage was 0% in early feeding group versus 5% in conventional feeding group. Early oral feeding was tolerated in 90% of patients in early feeding group. The time to first passage of flatus was sooner in the early feeding group (1.05 ± 0.22) than the traditional group (1.95 ± 1.05), p= 0.001. The risk of wound infection was significantly reduced with the early feeding group (10.0%) when compared with the conventional feeding group (40.0%), p = 0.028. Length of hospital stay was significantly less in the early feeding group. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Early oral feeding after elective colonic anastomosis is safe and can be tolerated by the majority of patients. Early oral feeding is associated with early return of bowel habits and reduced length of hospital stay. It is also associated with reduced risk of wound infection. Kerolos A. Barsoum, Sami M. Said, Karim K. Maurice, Doaa A. Mansour https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194998 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Joint Effect Obesity and Oral Contraceptive Use towards Hypertension among Women in Thirteen Provinces in Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194999 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Hypertension complications cause 9,4 million people died in the whole world every year. Hypertension in a woman is more dangerous than man, as they affect mortality and morbidity not only at herself but also the fetus in a pregnant woman. Hypertension is stimulated by many risk factors, some of them were obesity and using oral contraception. The purpose of this study is to evaluate obesity, oral contraceptives use and their joint effect on the risk of hypertension among women in Indonesia. <strong>Method:</strong> A cross-sectional study from Indonesian Life Family Survey 5 data, including 10.270 women with age ≥18 years old lives in Indonesia. Weight, Height and Blood Pressure were measured. Hypertensive respondents if the blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg, while obese defined by body mass index ≥ 27,5 kg/m2. History of contraceptive used, smoking behavior and age were investigated. The effect between the independent and dependent variables in this study can be determined by Prevalence Ratio (PR) and estimated under Cox Regression Model. <strong>Results:</strong> Our study showed that obesity, oral contraceptive used, and age significantly become risk factor of hypertension with PR (95% CI) respectively 2,12 (1,94–2,31); 1,21 (1,10–1,33); and 2,65 (2,42–2,91). Combination OC users and obesity significantly elevated the risk of hypertension by PR 2,149 (1,90–2,42) among women in Indonesia. Compared with OC, Obesity was more strongly associated with hypertension with PR 1,93 (1,74-2,13). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Obesity, OC users and their joint effects significantly increased the risk of hypertension among women in thirteen Provinces in Indonesia. The way better to prevent being obese than preventing using OC in the case of hypertension. Kuuni Ulfah Naila El Muna, Helda https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194999 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Comparison between the Antioxidant Activity of Volatile Oil and Hydrosol in Eucalyptus Camaldulensis (Young and Adult) Leaves https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195000 Essential oils have been reported as an important compounds in the pharmaceutical industries for their antibacterial and antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of <em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</em> volatile oil and hydrosol obtained from young and adult leaves. Oil extraction was carried out by using steam distillation method. The antioxidant power was estimated by using the DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1,1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP(ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) was used as positive control. The results show that young leaves of <em>E. camaldulensis</em> provide essential oil (2-4%), while in adult leaves the oil percentage was (1-2%). The IC50 of volatile oil in young leaves for the DPPH and FRAP assays was (237.178 and 243.664 μg/ml) respectively while in adult leaves IC50 was not observed. IC50 of hydrosol in young leaves of DPPH and FRAP assays was higher as compared with control and adult leaves. The results also showed that the antioxidant activity of volatile oil and Hydrosol in adults leaves was more than in young leaves. The current study revealed the possibility of using this volatile oil and hydrosol as a natural antioxidants. Lamiaa A. Gharb https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195000 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 E-Health Literacy of Medical Students at a University in Central Vietnam https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195001 <strong>Background:</strong> The study is to measure eHealth literacy of medical students at a university in central Vietnam and to examine factors influencing their skills.<strong> Material and Method:</strong> This is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through the self-administered structured questionnaire of 410 students who were randomly selected among general medical students and preventive medicine students in the fifth year at Hue University. The eHealth literacy scale was developed on the basis of eHEALS to measure skills for seeking and utilizing sources of eHealth information. Multiple linear regression model was used to identify factors influencing their eHealth literacy. <strong>Results:</strong> The study found that the general mean score for eHealth literacy among participants is 27.03 (SD = 3.54). Factors influencing eHealth literacy are genders (p=0.001), training program (p=0.013), computer skills (p=0.031) and purpose of seeking and using medical information (p&lt;0.001). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The findings showed that eHealth literacy of medical students in the study setting is still limited. In order to improve these skills of students, the educators should have relevant teaching strategies that promote the interest and skills of students to locate and evaluate eHealth resources Lan Hoang Nguyen, Thuy Bich Thi Le https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195001 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Phenomenological Study: Nurses Experiences in Collaboration with Physician and Witch-doctors in Initial Management of Emergency Trauma Patient in Puskesmas of East Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195002 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Communities in the area of East Sumba in meeting its health is influenced by cultural traditions and handling of traditional treatment. The provision of health services at the community health center (Puskesmas) is often referred to health centers requires collaboration among health professionals. Medical collaboration process influenced by the culture and traditions of the people so do also the collaboration process traditionally by witch-doctors in the initial treatment of trauma patients in the Puskesmas. The aim of research to explore the nurses experience collaborate with doctors and witch-doctors in the initial handling emergency trauma patients at the Puskesmas East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara. <strong>Method:</strong> The research method of qualitative research design using interpretive phenomenological approach. Participants totaled 7 nurse health center, taken by purposive sampling. Collecting data through semi-structured interviews with in-depth interviews and open-ended question. Data were analyzed using phenomenology interpretative analysis (IPA). <strong>Result:</strong> The results of this study obtained four themes, namely theme 1: Responsible for performing their duties in collaboration, theme 2: Pros Cons collaborative process with witch-doctors, theme 3: Receiving treatment witch-doctor but under close supervision, and theme 4: Feeling strange but true to the success of the witch-doctor. The process of collaboration between health professionals by nurses and doctors as well as traditional collaboration with witch-doctors in the early treatment of trauma is done in the Puskesmas. Traditional treatment options by witch-doctor is a tradition that is believed to be public, proven and successful cure the patient. Nurses as health workers in Puskesmas receive the tradition but remains under close supervision by nurse. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Initial management of trauma patients is done in the Puskesmas in the process of collaboration between nurses, doctors and witch-doctors to save the patient. Witch-doctor collaboration process in the initial treatment of trauma can not be avoided but successful and remain in the supervision of health workers in Puskesmas. Important local cultural considerations in nursing care based on the culture of early trauma treatment in the Puskesmas. Leni Landudjama, Lilik Zuhriyah, Septi Dewi Rachmawati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195002 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Determinant Factors of Alcohol Consumption by Adolescents https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195003 <strong>Objectives:</strong> The harmful use of alcohol was a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and injury conditions. The percentage of alcohol consumption at age 15-19 years in Indonesian were male (3.4%)and female (1.5%).Alcohol consumption is association with a risk of developing health problems, such as mental and behavior disorder which includes alcohol dependence and mayor non-communicable disease. <strong>Method:</strong> This was an analytic observational research with Cross Sectional design. The population were all students of Senior High School or the equal, in Yogyakarta City. Sample size in the research are 380 students. Technic sampling is used Multi-stage random sampling. The Research used questionnaire as the instrument. To analyze the data is used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis (chi-square). <strong>Results:</strong> The results show that 40.1% of adolescent in Yogyakarta City consume or once consumed alcohol, while 26.6% were alcohol dependence/harmful alcohol dependence. Bivariate analysis results in the following. Knowledge (p= 0.000; RP=0.541); attitude (p= 0.000; RP 2.510); self-confidence (p=0.001; RP=1.566); family role (p=0.016; RP=1.396); teacher role (p=0.000; RP=1.960); peer role (p= 0.000; RP 2.953); information resources (p=0.436; RP 1.103). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was relationship among knowledge, attitude, self-confidence, family role, teacher role, and peer role, and alcohol consumption by adolescent. There is no correlation between information sources and alcohol consumption by adolescent Liena Sofiana, Suci Musvita Ayu, Marsiana Wibowo, Erni Gustina, Azip Hasbi Asidik https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195003 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effects of Infant Massage on the Physical Development of Baby in Indonesian Rural Areas https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195004 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Infant massage has been a long time and common practice. Mother plays an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of infant massage. This research attempts to find out the effects of infant massage training and education on the infant’s physical development for mother in rural areas in Indonesia. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> This study was designed to compare two groups, namely, the first group of 17 mothers with infant massage education and training intervention since the third trimester, and the second group of 17 mothers without intervention. Body weight, body length, circumference of the upper arms, suckling frequency and suckling duration of the babies in the two groups were compared one month after delivery. <strong>Results:</strong> One month after the group of mothers giving massage to their babies, there were significant differences (p&lt;0.05)in body weight, body length, suckling frequency of the babies in the two groups, while none for circumference of upper arms and suckling duration. Comparing the effects of massage on babies before and after giving infant massage, there were significant differences in suckling durations and body weight of the babies. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study suggests that, after receiving an education on infant massage, mothers with babies are recommended to give massage to their babies. Infant massage brings various benefits to the babies, and it can be performed in natural contexts, including in rural setting. Lusiana Gultom https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195004 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Relationship between Polishing Techniques and Bacterial Count on Different Denture Base Materials https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195005 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Wearing of dentures cause alteration in the oral microflora and increasing in number of bacteria and candida. The polished and fitting surfaces of the denture are both affected. Different polishing techniques influence the total count of bacterial accumulation on the denture surface. <strong>Aim:</strong> To count the bacterial colonies after polishing three denture base materials before and after six months of denture wearing by different polishing techniques. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Eighteen patients were randomly selected for construction of maxillary partial denture. They were divided into 3 groups: Group 1: Patients received conventional heat-cured PMMA (Acrostone) denture. Group 2: Patients received thermoformed polyamide (NEWULTRA) denture. Group 3: Patients received thermoformed acetal (Bio Dentaplast) denture. In each group, three patients had their dentures polished by pre polishing with brown rubber disc and fine pumice with wet rag wheel, and the other three patients with the same technique but followed by tripoli compound with dry rag wheel. Evaluation of bacterial counting was conducted before denture wearing and after six months of denture wearing. Swabs were taken from the palate of the patients and bacteria were counted. <strong>Findings:</strong> No significant difference was found between technique no. I and no. II in decreasing the bacterial count between the tested materials. Thermoformed polyamide showed the highest bacterial count after six months of wearing denture polished by technique no. II followed by thermoformed acetal and heat-cured PMMA. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The second polishing technique produced less surface roughness and bacterial colonization on the tested materials than the first one. Mai Salah El-Din, Amr Ismail Badr, Emad Mohamed Agamy, Gehan Fekry Mohamed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195005 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Determination of Dyspnea in Mechanically Ventilated Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195006 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Although dyspnea is the most common suffering and devastating symptom in the mechanically ventilated patients (MVPs), it is not routinely measured.<strong> Aim of the Study:</strong> To assess dyspnea and factors contributing to it in MVPs. <strong>Design:</strong> A descriptive research design <strong>Settings:</strong> Intensive Care Units of Alexandria Main University Hospital. <strong>Subjects:</strong> Forty critically ill conscious adult MVPs <strong>Tool of Data Collection:</strong> Dyspnea assessment tool used to collect the data. <strong>Results:</strong> 55% of the study sample had dyspnea and 86.4% of dyspneic MVPs had moderate to intense level of dyspnea.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> Dyspneais present in more than half of the MVPs. Moderate to intense dyspnea is more frequent in MVPs. Masouda Hassan Abd El-Hamid Atrous, Khaled Mohamed Al-Sayaghi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195006 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Influence of Tactical Approach Exercises on the Tactical Behavior of Some the Attack and Defense Skills by Foil (Fencing) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195007 The study aimed at identifying the effect of tactical approach exercises on the planning behavior of some offensive and defensive skills of the foil in the research sample. Use the experimental method by designing the experimental and control groups with pre- and post-test on a sample of second stage students. The experimental group that learns the skills under study using the planetary approach exercises. After the implementation of the curriculum and post-test, Then statistical treatments concluded that the tactical approach exercises carried out by the experimental group in learning the skill performance have positively influenced the analysis of the results of the planning behavior of some offensive and defensive skills in the foil better than the control group that did not develop in the analysis of planning behavior. In light of the conclusion, it is recommended to adopt the tactical approach exercises in developing the planning behavior of some offensive and defensive skills in the foil. Maysoon Mohamed Nawar, Lama Samir Hamoudi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195007 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on Performance Nurses Public Health Centre in the District Tuban https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195008 Organization will successfully when employees not only do their tasks anyway but also want to do duty extra as wants to work, help one another, give advice, participate effectively, giving best services, and want to use time it works effectively but not all an employee with like willingly want to do1. A nurse having organizational behavior citizenship behavior (OCB) the atmosphere than last year in order to have a comfortable so as to cause a working relationship which harmonious in order to increase performance workers to reach organizational goals<sup>2</sup>. The study was observational analytic, population nurses public health centre in the district tuban were 24 people, a random sampling of sampling simple .Independent variable organizational citizenship behavior and dependent variable performance nurses and research instruments using sheets kuisioner with data analysis spearman use the rank. Is the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of performance nurse. Miftahul Munir https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195008 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Skeletal Stability Using Adjustable Versus Mini Plates Following Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy (BSSRO): A Randomized Clinical Trial https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195009 <strong>Background and Objective:</strong> This study aimed at assessing the skeletal stability of adjustable miniplates in comparison to conventional miniplates following bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Fourteen patients were divided into 2 equal groups. Patients in both groups underwent BSSRO and mandibular setback. In the study group, the bone segments at the osteotomy site were stabilized using the adjustable plates and four 2.0 mm monocortical screws. In the control group, bone segments at the osteotomy site were stabilized using conventional miniplates and four 2.0 mm monocortical screws. Each patient was assessed in terms SNB, mandibular plane angle (MPA) recorded in degrees (°) and horizontal and vertical changes of the B-Point recorded in millimeters (mm). <strong>Results:</strong> Skeletal stability was contemporaneous in both groups with an insignificant difference regarding the assessment criteria. However, adjustable plates showed the advantage of decreasing operative time when occlusion is not perfect at the release stage and adjustments were required. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The choice of the fixation method should combine between sufficient stability for early jaw mobilization and elasticity to allow for intraoperative and early postoperative corrections. Such requirements were met by the adjustable plates. Moataz M. Bahaa, Omniya M. Abdel Aziz, Gamal M. Moatamed, Ibrahim E. Shindy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195009 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Factors Influencing Rate of Chest Compression in Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) by Nurses as a First Responder https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195010 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Cardiac arrest is a condition of the cessation of blood circulation in the body. First aid cardiac arrest is cardiopulmonary resuscitation consisting of chest compression and ventilation. Chest compression is a factor that affects the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) patients. In addition to the depth of chest compressions, the chest compression rate is a major factor that can increase the chances of the patient’s life shortly after suffering a cardiac arrest. <strong>Aim:</strong> The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect the rate of the chest compressions performed by nurses as a first responder. <strong>Method:</strong> The method used in this study is analytic cross sectional correlative to 107 respondents. Chest compression rate measurement using a chest compression CPR Help Zoll’s Real product was analyzed using an application Rescue Net Code Review. <strong>Finding:</strong> Preliminary study results showed that the factors that affect the rate of the chest compression is gender, age, BMI, education, the last time attend to BLS training and the last time giving chest compressions. Based on the results of the linear regression analysis, gender is a factor that most affects to the rate of the chest compression (β = -7.8). It explains that the male responder provide a faster compression 8x/min compared with female responder. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In conclusion, gender, the last time attends to BLS training and the last time provides chest compression significantly affect to the rate of the chest compression N.A. Moch. Sukron Prasetyo, Sanarto Santoso, Tony Suharsono https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195010 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Comparative Study between the Use of Atropine Alone and in Combination with Glycopyrrolate in Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning in Minia Poison Control Center https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195011 <strong>Objectives:</strong> To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of atropine alone and the combined therapy of atropine and glycopyrrolate in treatment of patients with acute organophosphate poisoning (OP). <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> Forty patients with history of OP poisoning were included in the study with in the period from 1<sup>st</sup> of March 2017 to 28<sup>th</sup> of February 2018. The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial that was carried out on patients admitted to Poison Control Center of Minia University Hospital. These patients were divided in to two groups of 20 patients each. Group I was treated with atropine alone while group II was treated with atropine in combination with glycopyrrolate. <strong>Results:</strong> The majority of the patients were females (55%). The outcomes of these two groups were analyzed and compared including percentage of mortality, percentage of recovery, duration of hospital stay, need for mechanical ventilation, incidence of intermediate syndrome and percentage of adverse reactions. The percentage of recovery and percentage of mortality were the same between the 2 groups with p=1. However, there was reduction in hospitalization days and incidence of adverse drug reactions of the used drugs in group II when compared to group I. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study suggests that treatment with combined therapy of atropine and glycopyrrolate was more effective than therapy with atropine alone regarding the reduction in the duration of hospital stay and incidence of adverse reactions of the used drugs Mohamed A.M. Khalaf, Mohamed A. Hashem, Manal Abd-ElAziz Abd-El Zaher, Asmaa S. Taghian https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195011 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Implant Materials Used for Orbital Floor Reconstruction https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195012 <strong>Purpose:</strong> To review different available implant materials used for orbital floor reconstruction regarding their indications, advantages and disadvantages. <strong>Summary:</strong> Review of literature revealed the presence of a wide variety of implant options for repair of orbital floor defects. They can be broadly classified into biological materials, metals and polymers which are further divided into resorbables and non resorbables. The choice could be based on an algorithm for the defect size, the anatomical location, or the remaining structural support. Small defects may heal solely by the formation of scar tissue, whereas larger defects, especially those associated with enophthalmos, need material of a sufficient strength to support the orbital contents. Mohamed EsmailKhalil, Mohamed Farag Khalil, RaafatMohyeldeen Abdelrahman, Ahmed Mohamed Kamal Elshafei, Tamer Ismail Gawdat https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195012 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Recent Trends in Management of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195013 <strong>Purpose:</strong> To review different method for management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), different indications, advantages and recent modifications for each technique. <strong>Summary:</strong> Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is caused by retinal break which held open by vitreoretinal traction and causes accumulation of liquefied vitreous under the neurosensory retina separating it from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). There are three lines for surgical management of RRD; pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with different new modifications aiming for easier surgeries and better results. Mohamed Esmail Abdullah, Ahmed ShawkatAbdelhalim, Mohamed Farouk Abdelkader, Hossam Mohamed Mouharram, Khalid Mohamed Mourad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195013 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Nutritional Study on Promising Plants for Nephropathy Treatment of Male Albino Rats https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195014 The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of Almond nut, Sambucus herbs, Juniperus seeds, Grapefruit albedo &amp; the combination of all (as 5%) on nephropathic rats. For this purpose, the study included about 35 rats about 150/200 (g) weight. Biological &amp; chemical analysis of serum investigation of internal organs was carried out. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks and eventually, urine samples were collected for each rat for 24 hours and size measured and estimated (create The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of Almond nut, Sambucusinine- urea-uric acid- protein- sodium- potassium). The weight of the rats and collect blood samples after collected fasting 12 hours and then serum separated for estimation of (creatinine- urea- uric acid - sodium- potassium). Finally, a statistical analysis of all the data was done. Mohammad Sinjar Farhan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195014 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study the Composition of Fatty Acids in Blood Serum Parts During the Fasting Month (Ramadan) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195015 This study dealt with the measurement of several variables in the blood serum for a group of people in the case of fasting (Ramadan) for (14-16) hours, where the blood serum was withdrawn from people during daylight hours after fasting (5-8) hours and then follow the same people After (15) days of fasting and then after (25) days as well as blood serum samples were collected for the same people one month after the end of the month of Ramadan and the age of people ranged between (19-80)years and both sexes (males and females) are healthy people and do not suffer from any apparent disease. The study focused on measuring the percentage of fatty acids in the three segments separated from serum (cholesterol ester, triglyceride and phospholipids) which were separated by thin layer chromatography and then the esterification of the separated fatty acids was carried out using (BF3/methanol) method. Percentage of fatty acids (SFA, MUFA and PUFA) using a capillary gas chromatography device The results of this study indicated a significant increase in the percentage of saturated fatty acids, a non-significant decrease in the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids, and a non-significant decrease in the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in The serum cholesterol ester portion of the fasting group compared with the control group The results of this study indicated a significant increase in the percentage (SFA), a non-significant decrease in the percentage (MUFA), and a non-significant increase in the percentage (PUFA) in the Tricyclic serum for serum group The results of this study showed a significant increase in the percentage (SFA), a significant decrease in the percentage (MUFA), and a significant non-significant decrease in the percentage (PUFA) in the serum phosphate fat portion of the fasting group compared with Control group Mohammed A.H. Alobeady, Raghad A.A. Al Hialy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195015 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Expression of Amylin and Preptinin Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195016 Diabetes mellitus is one of the most worldwide spread chronic diseases, and its complications are very serious if it is untreated. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is reported to be caused by obesity and sedentary life style. DM plays a role in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries. Preptin and amylin are pancreatic hormones which participate in glucose homeostasis. In T2DM patientsamylin peptids can be toxic to β-cells of pancreas due to Amyloid deposits within these cells, supporting the idea that islet amyloid might have an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.preptin is a peptide hormone that is secreted with insulin and amylin from the pancreatic β-cells.The study planned to investigate the relationship between serum amyline and preptinlevelsin patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls and to study their associations together (preptin and amylin) with serum levels of insulin and HOMA-IR. Sixty-four (64) patients were recruited from the Endocrine Outpatient clinic in Al-Imamain Al-Kadhimain city hospital from March of 2018 to May of 2018. Fasting serum samples were obtained on enrolment. (mean age, (61.73± 8.05) years;mean duration of diabetes, (8.77±2.66) years; mean HbA1c,(8.1 ± 1.7) withT2DM and body mass index (BMI) &gt; 25.1 kg/m2 underwent examination. Age, sex and (BMI) matched with thirty eight(38) healthy controls were also in ruled,Serum preptin and amylin levels were measured by ELISA technique. There was statistically significant difference between patients and controls serum amylin (p=0.023) and preptin (p=0.01).Patients with T2DM had significantly higher blood glucose (p=0.0001), HbA1c (p=0.0001), insulin (p=0.0001), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.001)compared to healthy control,while total cholesterol was positively related (p=0.111) triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values were (p&lt;0.001 for each), and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the control group (p&lt;0.0001). The preptin level demonstrated a significant positive association with insulin and HOMA-IR compared with healthy control. (for healthy control group: r=0.381,p=0.146, r=0.133,p=0.438)respectively; for T2DM group: (r=0.411,p=0.02, r=0.332,p=0.003), The amylin level also showed a significant positive correlation with insulin and HOMAIR compared with healthy control. (for healthy control group: r= 0.188,p=0.309, r= -0.039,p=0.911) respectively; for T2DM group: (r=0.279,p=0.002, r=0.291,p=0.003),Conclusions: There were significant differences between healthy control and patients with T2DM concerning amylin and preptin levels. Serum Amylin and preptin increase in association with insulin in diabetic conditions. The present study suggests a potential role of amyline and preptin in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Mohammed I. Hamzah, Israa A. Abdul Kareem, Mohammed Albayati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195016 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Clinical Evaluation of Retention of Metallic Versus Thermoplastic Resin Frameworks in Maxillary Distal Extension Cases https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195017 <strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Acetal resin has been introduced as an esthetic partial denture material. However, the retention of this material when compared to cobalt-chromium (Co-cr) frame works still unclear when applied clinically. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To evaluate the retention of (acetal resin) as compared to (Co-cr)frame works and clasps. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> The present study is a randomized controlled trial that included 24 healthy patients with Kennedy class I partially edentulous maxilla and dentulous mandibles. The patients were selected from the out-patient clinic (Dep. of Prosthetic Dentistry, Minia University) and divided randomly into two equal groups according to the used denture base material; <strong>Group 1</strong> received maxillary partial denture with (Co-cr) clasps and frameworks. <strong>Group 2</strong> received maxillary partial denture with acetal resin clasps and frameworks. Retention of the prosthesis was evaluated at partial denture insertion, after 3, 6 and 12 months. Paired t-test was used at p ≤ 0.05 to assess the changes in the above parameter in each group. Student t-test was used to compare between the two groups. <strong>Results:</strong> Retentive force mean values of thermoplastic group were significantly lower than metallic group at denture insertion and at all follow up intervals. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Acetal resin frameworks and clasps provide lesser retention values when compared to chrome cobalt. Clinical Implications: Although there was lesser retention power of acetal resin than Co-cr, further study has to be done regarding various thicknesses and designs of clasps and framework for its successful dental application. F. Mostafa Elsayed Abdel Haleem, Ahmed Gamal Ahmed Hassan, Emad Mohamed Tolba M. Agamy, Gehan Fekry Mohammed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195017 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 E-Ways (Early Warning System): A Literature Study of Smartphone Application-Based Stroke Early Detection https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195018 Stroke is one of the highest causes of catastrophic death in Indonesia. Lack of knowledge and public awareness about stroke caused the delay of health care and post-disease recovery. So that, they impacted on death or disease complications and even disability. There were needs for prevention efforts and early detection that could be done at home. Today, the early detection was carried out by health workers in health care facilities through skrinning. The use of smartphones could minimize the delay of health care. This would be an opportunity to develop smart phone applications as media for stroke early detection because most people used smartphones in their daily lives. This study aimed to identify the use of smart phones as media for stroke early detection. Comprehensive literature analysis through Google Scholar, Proquest, and EBSCO in the last 5 years, with keywords:<em> stroke early detection, sourceinformation, smartphone application</em>. Inclusion criteria were smartphone application and stroke articles in the past 5 years. Data were analyzed in a table consisted of title, author, year, and result. A total of 21 articles had showed the use of smartphones might provide sign assessment and mild stroke symptoms experienced by individuals effectively and efficiently. These media had been globally used for early detection and information sources about strokes. Smartphone applications became innovative media that could help individuals to carry out early detection and obtain practical information about stroke and be accountable. The results of this literature study could be used as references to determine the form of appropriate intervention ormedia as support toward the efforts of stroke case prevention in Indonesia. Muhamad Jauhar, Lita Heni Kusumawardani, Rasdiyanah, I. Gusti Ayu Putu Desy Rohana, Utami Rachmawati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195018 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Prognostic Impact of Regulatory T-cells in Predicting Response and Prognosis in Primary Breast Cancer https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195019 <strong>Background:</strong> The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer has been extensively studied over the last decade; it now believed that they have predictive and prognostic roles in breast cancer. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> We identified 70 patients with primary breast cancers receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC); we analyzed pre-and post-treatment tumor-infiltrating immune cells (CD3, CD8) by immunohistochemistry. Immune cell profiles were analyzed and correlated with response and survival. <strong>Results:</strong> We identified two tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles, which were able to predict pathological complete response (pCR) to NAC. A higher infiltration by CD8 and CD3 lymphocytes was associated with occurrence of pCR. Analysis of the immune infiltrate in post-chemotherapy treatment identified a profile of high CD8 and low CD3 infiltration associated with better disease free survival. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Tumor lymphocytic infiltrates play a predictive role for detecting pCR and a prognostic role in detecting the outcome. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the distribution of immune cells and their changes after chemotherapy may contribute to the development of new immune-targeted therapies for breast cancer. Nada Hussein Ali Sholkamy, Wafaa Mohamed Abd El-Latif, Mohamed Ahmed Hassen, Amani Saber Guirguis, Marian Fathi Kamal, Amrou Mamdouh Abdein Shaaban, Hoda Mohktar Abdel Azeem https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195019 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Detection of Escherichiacoli O157: H7 Infections in Children Less than Five Years with Acute Diarrhea https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195020 <strong>Background:</strong> Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children aged less than five years. Escherichia coli O157: H7 is a highly pathogenic subgroup of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that causes severe human bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the rates of detection of E. coli O157: H7 infections in children less than five years of age and to assess the clinical and laboratory criteria of E. coli O157: H7 associated diarrhea. <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> Across sectional prospective, hospital-based study was carried out on children with acute diarrhea visiting the outpatientclinics at Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, AL-Kadhymia Pediatric Hospital and AL-Elweya Pediatric Hospital in Baghdad during the period from Sep. to Dec. 2015. E.coli O157: H7 antigen in fecal samples taken from children with acute diarrhea were detected by immunochromatographic assay (ICA). <strong>Results:</strong> Escherichia coli O157: H7 antigen was detected in 43/94(45.7%) of fecal samples for children with diarrhea. 55.8% of children with positive stool samples were females and 44.2% were males with a female to male ratio of 1.3:1. Children with acute diarrhea due to E. coli O157: H7 were younger (mean age 17.19 ± 9.572 months) than those without E. coli O157: H7 infection (mean age 30.63 ±19.815 months) and the difference is highly significant. Fever and vomiting were symptoms shared by all the studied children regardless of their E.coli O157: H7 infections. Significant associations between bloody diarrhea, pus and red blood cells in stools and E. coli O157: H7 infections were noted. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> E. coli O157: H7 infectionwas a common cause of gastroenteritisin children less than five years in Baghdad.Mainly among infants and young children who presented with acute bloody diarrhea, microscopic pus and red blood cells in their stools Nadia Aziz Nasir, Saad Hasan Mohammed Ali, Huda Q. Muhammad Abu AL-Ess, Wijdan Akram Hussein, Muhi Kadhem Wannas Al-Janabi, Khalil Ismaiel A. Mohammed, Jinan Mehdi Mosa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195020 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Impact of Healthy Educational Curriculum for Harmonized Exercises in the Development of Some Defense Skills in Handball https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195021 The importance of research to provide of the learner by best level of performance skills defensive hand reel through the integration of interoperability exercises with the educational units of an educational curriculum. The study aimed to identify the impact of the educational curriculum for exercises interoperability in the development of some defensive skills reel hand to sample individuals. The study was used in the study of the experimental method of designing the two groups of pre-tribal and post-test to suit the nature of the problem and the objectives of the research. This study was applied to the students of the third stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Maysan for the academic year 2017-2018 of 40 students, Such as the control sample, (19) students such as experimental research sample, two students were dismissed for health reasons. Appropriate method, tools and tests were used, and after the results were obtained from the tests, they were processed statistically by using the statistical bag (SPSS). The study concluded with the most important conclusions: The educational curriculum of the combative exercises has a positive effect on the development of the performance of defense skills (interview, coverage, wall block and handover, receipt) for the students of the research sample. In addition, the educational curriculum for the exercises of compatibility achieved a better effect than the traditional curriculum followed by the teacher on the students of the research sample. Naji Mutashar Azzat Al-Badr https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195021 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Different Doses of Green Tea Extract on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Adult Male Rats https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195022 This investigates the effects of various concentrations of continuous drinking of green tea in rats. (24) male rats are randomly categorized into four groups: control, which does not receive green tea, GTE5, GTE10 and GTE20 (receive 5g, 10g and 20g GTE, respectively). In hematological parameters analysis, there are no significant variation (p&gt;0.05) in the RBC, MCHC and platelet among all groups. Furthermore, Control group presented a considerable decrease (p &lt;0.05) in HB, HTC, MCV and MCH as compared with GTE5, GTE10 and GTE20. The biochemical analysis, control and GTE5 groups had high significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in glucose level as compared with GTE10 and GTE20 groups. Analysis of albumin and globulin, control and GTE5 groups had a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) higher than that of GTE10 and GTE20 groups. On the other hand, GTE20 group revealed a highly significant increase variation (p&lt;0.05) in total protein than the control, GTE5 and GTE10 groups. In the control group showed a significant increase (p &lt;0.05) in values of AST, ALT and ALK as compared with other groups. Therefore, it is recommended that using green tea for a long period leads to inhibition of the free oxygen radical damages in the liver and erythrocyte. Omer Mahrouf Ali Shoshin, Ahmed Abdulaali Azeez Baker, Evan Mohammed Mostafa, Noor Abdulaali Azeez Baker, Ahmad Salih Helal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195022 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of WaveOne Gold Single-File System in Pulpectomy of Primary Molars: A Randomized Clinical Trial https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195023 <strong>Purpose:</strong> The current study evaluates the reciprocal WaveOne Gold single-file system regarding clinical and radiographic outcomes in ischolar_main canal treatment of primary molars. <strong>Method:</strong> This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 70 primary molars on 60 children in the age group from 4 to 7 years. The teeth selected for this study were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to the used endodontic preparation system. Group I: 35 primary molars were instrumented with WaveOne Gold reciprocating single-file system. Group II: 35 primary molars were instrumented with stainless steel K-files. All teeth were evaluated clinically and radigraphically for 12 months with periodic recall at 3, 6 and 12 months. <strong>Results:</strong> WaveOne Gold single-file system exhibited higher overall success rate over manual instrumentation, however, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P &gt;0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Single-file systems are promising instruments that have the power to be an alternative for manual instrumentation in primary molar pulpectomies. Osama S. Gad El-Hak, Nagwa M. Khattab https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195023 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Intrapartum Translabial Ultrasound to Predict Successful Vaginal Birth in Ladies with Previous Caesarean Section https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195024 <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the role of intrapartum translabial ultrasound to predict successful vaginal birth in ladies with previous caesarean section. <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> 200 pregnant women with previous caesarean section admitted during the active phase of the first stage of labor. <strong>Results:</strong> At a cut-off value 2.5mm the sensitivity of the progression distance was 89.3% and 71.4% specificity in prediction of vaginal delivery. Using 100.5 degree as a cut-off value for the angle of progression to identify patients who deliver vaginally gives 88.5% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Intrapartum translabial ultrasound is a useful tool to predict occurrence of vaginal delivery in women with previous caesarean Ahmed Nageeb, Mohammed Hani, Ahmed Sameer, Momen Hassan, Hassan Abdul-Jabbar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195024 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Isotonic Training Method for the Development of HealthyMuscular Ability and Accuracy of the Performance of Volleyball Skill for Young Players https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195025 The aim of this research is to develop the muscular ability and its effect on the performance of volleyball and the development of isotonic training method (movement), and the researchers supposed that the impact of the method in the development of muscle capacity and accuracy of the performance of the skill of transmission, they used the experimental method, Al-Muqdadiya Youth Sports Club in Diyala Governorate (15) players were chosen in a deliberate manner. The method was prepared by the researchers and the candidate tests were used. The results were processed using the statistics. The most important recommendations are the use of the isotonic training method to develop the muscular ability of all practitioners of the game. Whether students or professional or amateur, taking into account that the level and the ability of the sample as well as the need to emphasize the conduct of continuous and regular tests to test the physical and skill capabilities of the players to know their level and try to develop them to the best. Ali Hamid Ali, Serdar Hkem Mohamed Ameen, Saddam Mohammed Ahmed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195025 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Use Healthy Acupuncture in Odynolysis Chronic Pain of the Biceps Femoral Muscle of Taekwondo Players https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195026 The importance of the research lies in the use of acupuncture for the spastic muscle (biceps femoral) of taekwondo players in the clubs of Al Najaf Al Ashraf province. The problem of research is the dealing mistakes with these injuries as many of injured resort to do massage and deep massage, which increases the case of injury in addition to the muscle rupture cases. The study objectives to achieve, the researchers used the experimental methodology of one group to suit the nature of the problem, the research population identified as taekwondo players with muscle spasms of the femoral biceps muscle, the researchers used acupuncture to relieve muscle spasm and odynolysis the degree of pain caused by a specialist, where tests were conducted on the Taekwondo hall in AL Najaf Al Ashraf Club and after getting of results were treated statistically by using statistical bag spss, and reached the following conclusions result of acupuncture clearly on odynolysis the degree of pain caused by muscle spasm, therefore enable the sample of the research to perform muscle contractions properly and in the light of the obtained results by the researchers, they recommend with the need of acupuncture in of muscle spasm cases. Ali Jasim Kareem, Hamid Abdul shaheed Hadi, Abbas Mahdi Saleh, Salman OkabSarhan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195026 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Fate of Dysfunctional Bladder after Pediatric Renal Transplantation https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195027 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Graft function on long term into patients with LUTD is still a myth, So, we aimed know the natural history of LUTD and graft function into patient with abnormal lower urinary tract. <strong>Patient and Method:</strong> The study was conducted by retrospective review of 129 files of pediatric live renal transplant patients;Patients in either group had clinical evaluation of lower urinary tract function and assessment of graft functions at least one year after RT. <strong>Results:</strong> On evaluation the magnitude of change of cystometric variables we found 57% improvement of incidence of urodynamic detrusor overactivity and 48% improvement in patient categorized as poor/ decreased compliance. There was 90% increase in the number of patients with adequate capacity. Patients showed 55.5% decrease in the number of patient with high PVR. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Live donor renal transplant into pediatric patients with LUTD due to organic or neurogenic lower urinary tract pathology showed high serum creatinine on long term follow up. A.M. Fawzy, Ehab Tawfiek, A. Zaki, Hani Morsi, Fatina Ibrahim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195027 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Updated Review on Revascularization in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195028 Effective and in time reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery is essential to optimal treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Now it is established the benefit of primary percutaneous intervention (PPCI) in STEMI over fibrinolysis. While intervention of the non-infarct related artery still a large area of debate with no definite consensus. Here in this review we will highlight the different reperfusion strategies and different ways to reach optimal reperfusion and debate about non-IRA in different situations. Ashraf Radi Mohammed Atta, Alaa Mohammed Ibrahim, Hesham Boshra Mahmoud, Tarek M. Abdelrahman, Hany Taha Taha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195028 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 MCP-1 Serum Levels were Higher in Patient with Diabetic Nephropathy among Balinese https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195029 <strong>Background and Aim:</strong> Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus which can lead to kidney failure. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is a protein that is expected to be a biomarker of diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to examined the relationship of MCP-1 with diabetic nephropathy in Indonesia, especially in Bali therefore the accuracy in detecting diabetic nephropathy can be assessed. <strong>Method:</strong> One hundred and sixteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy (n = 37) and without diabetic nephropathy (n = 79) were included in this study. MCP-1 serum was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. <strong>Result:</strong> MCP-1 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy (p &lt;0.001). Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for diabetic nephropathy detection showed that cut-off point of MCP-1 serum was 436 pg/ml with a sensitivity of 83.7% and 84.8% specificity. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It can be concluded that MCP-1serum can be considered as a biomarker for detection of diabetic nephropathy. Asri Lestarini, AA Sri Agung Aryastuti, Ni Putu Diah Witari, I Wayan Sutarka, Ni Wayan Sri Wardani, Pramudji Hastuti, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195029 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Optimizing Bone Wound Healing Using BMP2 with BDNF in Osteoporotic Rats: Histological Evaluation https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195030 <strong>Background:</strong> Bone is a high vascular tissue and resilient organ with intuitive healing ability. Bone tissue contains multipotent stromal cells which have the ability to differentiate into different specialized cells. Induced stem cells have been developed by various growth factors. Using of biomaterial and growth factor is one of the most commonly used as new tissue engineering strategies.<strong> Aim of the study:</strong> To evaluate the effect of application of a combination bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP‑2) with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as biomaterial to enhance bone healing in osteoporotic rat . <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Twenty female Wistar rat(10 normal rat and other 10 induced osteoporotic rat). Bone defects (3mm)was created in femur of each rat,one in the left side that left to heal spontaneously without any application,while the right side with application of a combination of 0.5 μl of BMP2 and 1μl of BDNF .Evaluation of histological changes includes bone cell counting and scoring of inflammation were estimated at different periods. <strong>Results:</strong> Histological examination of Bone healing with application of BMP2 &amp; BDNF for normal and osteoporotic rat shows formation of woven bone and bone trabeculae that filled most of bone hole with minimal inflammatory response and with a significant differences value in comparism to inapplicable bone. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concludes that application of the combination of BMP-2 &amp; BDNF enhanced bone repair in osteoporotic rat. Athraa Y. Al-Hijazi, Noor Natik Raheem, Ali JB Al-Sharki https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195030 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Macronutrients Analysis in Ipomoea Batatas L. Poiret as an Alternative Food in Improving Nutritional Adequacy of Pregnant Women https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195031 <strong>Background:</strong> Adequacy of nutritional intake in pregnant women is needed in order to deliver healthy babies. Inability to provide nutritional needs due to financial problems is a common issue. Diversification of cheap and affordable food is needed for pregnant women so they will be avoided for various pregnancy complications. The objectives of this study are conducting a nutritional content analysis of<em> Ipomoea batatas L. poiret</em> as an alternative food to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women as well as examine the pattern of macronutrient consumption during pregnancy with the growth of the pregnancy. <strong>Method:</strong> There are two designs used in this study (1) a field quantitative with completely randomized design, a laboratory experimental design, and (2) retrospective correlational design with cross-sectional study. The study samples are <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> and pregnant women in the second and third trimester with simple random sampling. Data analyses used in this study are proximate analysis in Ipomoea batatas and chi-square in pregnant women. <strong>Results:</strong> The macronutrients content of 100 gr dry <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> are 84.08 carbohydrates, 1.00 gr proteins, and 2.22gr fats. Macronutrient consumption analysis obtained p-value 0.03 for carbohydrates, 0.02 for proteins, and 0.14 for fats which means that there is a correlation between carbohydrates, proteins, and fats with an increase of body mass index in pregnant women. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> can be an alternative macronutrient source for mother’s needs during pregnancy. Awatiful Azza, Diyan Indriyani, Ika Priantari, Hendra Kurniawan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195031 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association of Prothrombin G20210A Mutation with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195032 <strong>Purpose:</strong> To assess the relationship of Prothrombin G20210A gene mutations as a risk factor for idiopathic repeated pregnancy loss. The focus has been on Prothrombin G20210 Amutation that may predispose women to microthrombosis during the stages of embryo implantation and placentation. <strong>Method:</strong> A total of 70 women with recurrent pregnancy loss, mean age 31.1±4.2 years, were involved in the study. As a control group, 70 women [mean age 32.2±3.3y ears with at least two live-born child and no history of abortion were included. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the frequencies of Prothrombin G20210 Agenotype. <strong>Results:</strong> The frequency of heterozygotes for F2 was significantly higher in women with repeated pregnancy loss compared to women without abortion (p = 0.0001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In summary we found an association of prothrombin G20210A mutation with recurrent pregnancy loss .we recommend for prothrombin G20210A screening in cases with repeated pregnancy loss so they can start anticoagulant therapy more earlier Ayman Gamil Ghobrial, Asmaakhalaf Allakamel Ezz Eldein, Esmat Abd El Aziz El Sharkawy, Khalid Mohammed Salah, Mostafa Ahmed Abu Elela, Aliaa Mohammed Monir Ali Higazi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195032 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Role of Trust and Social Networking in the Use of Long Term Contraception Method in Kampung KB https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195033 The demographic bonus is a nation’s challenge that needs to be managed. Data from the Department of Population Control, Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (DP5A) shows in 2016 the new long term contraception method user in Surabaya City reached 7.70%, in 2017 to 5.16%, and 36.29% in 2018 of the total contraception method participants from every year. The data shows that there is an increase of member oflong term contraception method. The new member of long term contraception method in 2018 is 63.71%, greater than short term contraception method. Utilize of long term contraception method in 2018 is increase, but it cannot compete with short term contraception method especially injection contraceptive method. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach using a phenomenological study approach. Data collection is held at Kampung KB and non-Kampung KB Tambaksari District of Surabaya City. Informants in this study consisted of key informants and informants. Trust and social networking are used as an effort to improve the family planning program in utilizing a long term contraception method at Kampung KB. While trust and social networking have not been utilized to improve family planning program in utilizing a long term contraception method at non-Kampung KB. Bella Kartini Rochmania, Shrimartirukminidevy, Rachmathargono, Iswari Hariastuti https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195033 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Relationship among Cervical Cancer Risk Factors with Pap Smear Results in Medan North Sumatera https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195034 <strong>Objects:</strong> To identify relationship among cervical cancer risk factors with pap smear results in Medan North Sumatera. <strong>Method:</strong> The study was a correlative descriptive. The samples were 60 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysis using the Chi Square test at an error rate of 0.05. <strong>Results:</strong> The result showed that there were no significant correlations among education (p&gt;0.484), employment (p&gt;0.329), age at first sexual intercourse (p&gt;0.410), history of pregnancy (p&gt;0.204), and use of vaginal cleansers (p&gt;0.569) with the results of pap smears. There was a significant between using contraceptive with pap smear results with p-value 0.00 (p&lt;0.004). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is hoped that women need increase the knowledge about the importance of early detection of pap smear examination in reducing the number morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer in Indonesia. Diah Lestari Nasution, Fatwa Imelda https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195034 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hair Mercury Exposure and Hypertension among Community Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining in Banten, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195035 <strong>Background:</strong> Mercury was a heavy metal that persistent in the environment and harmful to human health and still used by Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM), especially in Indonesia. Cimanggu was one of ASGM in Banten province who still active using mercury and had found high levels of mercury that exceed the threshold in wastewater and human hair. Mercury exposure can affect human health, such as hypertension. This research aimed to determine the levels of hair mercury, hypertension, and individual characteristics such as age, sex, and smoking habits. And also determine the association between hair mercury with hypertension among communities in ASGM.<strong> Material and Method:</strong> Design studies in this research using cross-sectional design. The data from BBTKLPP Jakarta datasheet “Analysis of Potential Impact of Risk Factors Environment Based for Disease Outbreaks on Interest Mining Society”. Retrieved data was hair mercury that analyzed in the laboratory BBTKLPP Jakarta using Mercury Analyzer (MA) 3000 with cold pavor method and blood pressure were measured directly two times using sphygmomanometer merk ABN and individual characteristics taken through a questionnaire. Totaling 100 samples analyzed were taken by quota sampling. <strong>Findings:</strong> Univariate test showed that most of the respondents had abnormally hair mercury levels (55%), hypertension 29%, woman 78%, smoking 23%, and &gt; 40 years 46%. Chi-square test showed no significant association between hair mercury levels and hypertension (P value=1, OR= 1.01, 95% CI = 0.42-2.40). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Respondents who had normal or abnormally hair mercury levels had the same odds to have hypertension risk. Further research is needed by using a larger sample with high-intensity process mercury use to clarify the association of hair mercury levels with hypertension. Budi Hartono https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195035 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Aloe Vera Gel on Severity of Radiation Induced Dermatitis among Patients after Mastectomy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195036 Radiation induced dermatitis is a significant adverse effect of radiation therapy occurring in the majority of patients treated with this modality such as mastectomy. No standard treatment has been recommended for the prevention of this side effect. This article is a report of a study evaluating the effect of Aloe Vera gel on severity of radiation induced dermatitis among patients after mastectomy. A time-series nonequivalent quasi-experimental research design was utilized, hence, a convenient sample of 132 adult female patients receiving radiation therapy after mastectomy were equally assigned randomly to either a study or a control group. Data were collected using two tools: 1) Demographic and Medical Data Sheet, and 2) Radiation Induced Skin Reaction Assessment Scale (RISRAS). The study results revealed statistical significant reduction in radiation induced dermatitis severity scores among the study group compared to the control group. It was concluded that the use of Aloe Vera gel is effective in reducing the severity of radiation induced dermatitis among patients after mastectomy. Eman Tharwat Mohamed, Nawal Ebeid Hanna, Dalia Salah El-Deen, Soad Hanna Tadros, Noha Yehia Ibrahim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195036 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Lavender Oil Massage on Pain among Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195037 Osteoarthritis (OA)is a progressive chronic joint disease with global relevance with up to 250 million people being affected from knee OA worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lavender oil massage on pain among patients with knee osteoarthritis. A convenient sample of 60 adult male and female patients who admitted to Rheumatology and Rehabilitation unit affiliated to Cairo University hospital in Egypt with confirmed diagnosis of knee OA divided into experimental (study) and control group. A quasiexperimental Time Series pre-post testnonequivilant interrupted control design was utilized in the current study. Data was collected using Personal and Medical Background Information Form, Pain Numerical Rating Scaleand Lequesne Algo Functional Index of Severity. The study findings revealed that there were significant statistical differences of pain intensity score and OA severity between study and control group after application of lavender oil massage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Lavender oil massage was proved in this study to be effective on pain and OA severity among patients with knee osteoarthritis. Enas Mahmoud El Sayed, Hanan Ahmed Al Sebaee, Heba Ahmed Mohammed, Zeinab Osman Nawito https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195037 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 An Empathy of Family for Reducing Stigma on People with HIV/AIDS: A Case Study in North Coastal of Central Java https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195038 People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) faces powerless. Those aggravated with social problems from the family and community. Support from family allows them to have greater acceptance related to the disease. The Aimed of study to explore family stigma from PLWHA perspective in the North Coastal of Central Java. Method of research used qualitative with case study approach was conducted at Kudus district. Purposive sampling was applied to recruit participant. In-depth interview with semi-structured questions was attempted to 15 migrant workers also been carried out to families and case manager for triangulation. Thematic of manual content analysis was used. The stigmatization among gender showed different result in the context of family. Families were more tolerance and accepted the males with HIV/AIDS without any stigmatization. The culture of lower class of family have good attitude which potentially to be developed such as skills of understanding, being empathy and willing to care. There are specific programs needed which could encourage family empowerment to develop integrated community-based care for PLWHA. Ernawati, Nursalam, Aric Vranada https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195038 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Phytochemical Investigation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ravenala Madagascariensis (Sonn.) Family Strelitziaceae Growing in Egypt https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195039 <strong>Introduction</strong>: Ravenala madagascariensis (Sonn.) family Strelitziaceae, commonly called traveler’s tree or palm; it is used traditionally in India as tea made from young leaves for treatment of diabetes. On the other hand its seed found to have antiseptic properties. <strong>Objective:</strong> Phytochemical investigation and isolation as well as testing the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the crude total and different successive fractions. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> The leaves total ethanol extract was subjected for phytochemical screening. The n- BuOH fraction was fractionated using chromatographic isolation. Total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the crude total ethanol extract as well as n-hexane, CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, EtOAc and n- BuOH successive fractions were determined using ABTS assays. On the other hand the antimicrobial of the crude total ethanol was carried out against 13 microorganisms using agar well diffusion method. <strong>Results:</strong> Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and sterols. Three phenolic compounds were isolated from the n- BuOH fraction and they were identified using different spectroscopic techniques. The different fractions showed high antioxidant activities especially EtOAc fraction that showed 88.96% for ABTS inhibition. Crude total ethanol extract showed selective moderate antimicrobial activity against the tested strains of Cryptococcus neoformans, Bacillus cereus and Serratia marcenscens. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The ethyl acetate fraction showed significant antioxidant activity probably due to presence of the flavonoids contents Esraa M. Mohamed, Mona H. Hetta, Hossam M. Hassan, Ahmed H. El-Desoky, Mohamed A. Selim, Farid A. Badria https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195039 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 New Approach of Hyaluronic Acid Bound Spermatozoa-ICSI in Iraqi Infertile Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195040 <strong>Background:</strong> Ability of spermatozoa to binding to hyaluronan is related to sperm membrane maturity and fertilizing potential, thus it has been suggested that sperm selection using Hyaluronic acid (HA) could increase the implantation rate in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI). Basically Physiological -ICSI (PICSI) is a scientific technique used in ICSI, is a specialized form and more filtered way of selecting the best competent sperm for fertilization process. Despite the fact that conventionally spermatozoa are selected for ICSI based on their morphology and motility. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate whether (PICSI) has the potential to improve the fertilization rate and embryo grading. <strong>Patients, Materials and Methods:</strong> Fifty-three infertile couples subjected to an in vitro fertilization stimulation program; Thirty-five underwent (ICSI) cycle and eighteen underwent (PICSI) cycle, assessed the fertilization rate and embryo grading at cleavage stage then the results were statistically analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> In spite of the fertilization rate of PICSI group was better than ICSI group but statistically no significant difference was noticed between both of them. In regarding to embryo grading at cleavage stage, there was a significant increase(P&lt;0.05) in Grade 1 and Grade 2 for PICSI group as compared to ICSI group. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The percentage of fertilization for PICSI group is better than for ICSI group. In regarding to statistical analysis, there was no significant differences between two groups. Regarding to embryo quality at cleavage stage, the PICSI cycle significantly improves embryo quality(Grade 1 and Grade 2) at day 2 and day 3 of development as compared to the ICSI cycle. Ezdehar N. Ali, Hayder A.L. Mossa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195040 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Depression and Meaning of Life of Middle-Aged Women: Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Social Network https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195041 <strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aims to verify the mediating effects of self-esteem and social network on the relation between depression and meaning of life of middle-aged women. <strong>Method:</strong> The data was collected from total 119 middle-aged women in 40-64 years old. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression by using the SPSS 22.0 Program. <strong>Results:</strong> The meaning of life showed the significantly negative correlation with depression(r=.-52, p&lt;.001) while it showed the positive correlations with self-esteem(r=.74, p&lt;.001) and social network(r=.56, p&lt;.001). In the relation between depression and meaning of life, the self-esteem and social network were the significant mediating variables. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study could be used as the basic data for the development of integrated nursing intervention programs that could improve the quality of life of middle-aged women Hae Kyung Chang https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195041 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Efforts in Improving Environmental Sanitation of Elementary School Students through Eco-education https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195042 In 2017, many schools were not yet equipped with good sanitation facilities. In Indonesia, 1.5 million children under five die of diarrhea every year. This community partnership program aims to increase students’ knowledge about environmental sanitation and improve environmental sanitation behavior. The method used quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative method is resultant from questionnaires data and qualitative method used to direct observation through Focus Group Discussion (FGD. The data of students’ knowledge and behavior were analyzed using bivariate analysis. The results of this activity showed that at the pretest, the elementary school students’ knowledge was 90.62%, which was in the good category, and the peer educator’s knowledge was 82.14%, which was in the good category. At the posttest, the elementary school students’ knowledge increased to 94.08%, which was in the good category, and the peer educator’s knowledge increased to 90%, which was in the good category. The elementary school students’ sanitation behavior was 67.60%, which can be categorized as good. Correlation test results showed no significant relationship between students’ knowledge and behavior (p &gt; 0.05). It can be concluded that there was an increase in students’ and peer educators’ knowledge about environmental sanitation after the implementation of community partnership program. Unfavorable sanitation behaviors were seen in the behaviors of littering, not washing hands before eating, and consuming unhealthy snack. Meanwhile, good sanitation behavior was seen in the behavior of bathing twice a day and defecating in the toilet/water closet Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Suyud Warno Utomo, Hadid Sukmana, Nisrinah https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195042 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Determinants Associated with Regular Weighing of Under Five Children in Posyandu in Kelapa Gading Sub District, Jakarta https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195043 <strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> A Posyandu is an integrated health post as an extension unit of Puskesmas (community health center) providing several under-five child health programs, especially regular weighing every month, basic immunization and vitamin A supplementation and additional food provision. Monitoring of child growth in Posyanduis a very important activity in order to know early child growth faltering. Data of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2010,proportion of regular weighing was only 49.4%. <strong>Method:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted to interview 96 mothers of under-five children randomly selected from 7 neighborhood blocks in sub-district of Kelapa Gading, Jakarta. The multivariable analysis was done to analyze strength of association (using odds ratios) between some potential determinants and the regularity of mothers to weigh their children in Posyandu. Weighing 4 times or more within the past 6 months was considered to be regular. <strong>Findings:</strong> The proportion of mothers weighing their children regularly in Posyanduin sub-district Kelapa Gading was 47.9%. The older the mothers, the lesser the probability to weigh regularly their children. Mothers who knew that Posyandu could provide Vitamin A and basic immunization freely for their children, were 2.7 times and 4.3 times respectively more likely to weigh their children regularly, as compared to mothers who did not know. Closer distance between mother’s house and Posyandu gave the mothers higher probability to weigh their children regularly, as much as 18.5 times, as compared to farther distance. The likelihood of working mothers to weigh their children regularly, were 18.3 times, as compared to the likelihood of housewife mothers. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Mother’s age, knowledge about the programs of Posyandu, distance between mothers’ house and Posyandu, and mother’s occupation status were important determinants of likelihood to weigh their children regularly in the Posyandu. Helwiah Umniyati, Agung Permana, Aldi Akhmad Nurhadi, Dhani Indarto, Widia Leli, Dewi Murni https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195043 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Molecular Sequencing Study of Salmonella spp Which Isolated from Cattle Meat and Human Stool https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195044 Aim of our study is investigation of the genetic relationships between Salmonella spp isolates which taken from human stool isolates and Salmonella spp isolates which taken from cattle meat. The total number of study isolates is one hundred (50 cattlebeef and 50human stools. Bacterial isolation and bacterial identification are used for testing the samples for culturing and examined by biochemical tests then detected by using 16S rRNA gene in PCR that designed by NCBI and make DNA sequencing for two positive isolates. Our results revealed that percentage of Salmonellaspp was 8/50(16%) which isolated from cattle beef and was 10/50(20%) which isolated from human stool. The PCR was demonstrated highly specific and sensitive. DNA sequencing of part of 16S rRNA was show highly similarity with NCBI-Blast data and the phylogenetic study was reveal genetic homology at (0.5 genetic change) between animals and human isolates and then the gene sequence deposited into NCBI-Genbank accession numbers accession numbers (MN523665.1) and (MG388337.1). In conclusion, our study is done for first-time in Iraq of the genetic correlating between Salmonellaspp which isolated from cattle meat and human stool. So, it is important to know the cattle meat is significant source for spreading infection between human and animals. Hiba Shehab Ahmed, Wafaaabdalwahed Jheel, Saba Falah Klaif https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195044 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 What is New about Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis? https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195045 <strong>Background:</strong> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role in early diagnosis of MS. <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> Thirty patients with clinically diagnosed to have MS according to McDonald criteria were included and referred to department of radio-diagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University. Imaging was performed on a 1.5T Philips MR system using double inversion recovery (DIR), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2-weighted, T1-weighted and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequences with the parameters including field of view (FOV), matrix, slice thickness and voxel size. They were done after the approval of ethical committee of our institution. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 20 and p-value as well as comparative study were gained. <strong>Results:</strong> The detection rate of white matter lesions in T2 was (88%); while for grey matter lesions was (10%). In FLAIR sequence, we found that; the detection rate of white matter lesions was (96%); while for grey matter lesions was (25%). As regarding DIR sequence, the detection rate of white matter lesions was (90%); while for grey matter lesions was (95%).Comparative study between serial MRI sequences (T2,FLAIR and DIR) revealed; significant increase in detected number of grey matter lesions; in DIR-MRI sequence (p &lt; 0.0001). In SWI, a central vein sign was detected in 96 lesions (66 in periventricular lesions and 30 in subcortical lesions).<strong> Conclusion:</strong> From this study we concluded that new imaging modalities of MRI as regarding DIR and SWI are a valuable MRI sequences in imaging of multiple sclerosis; thus, we recommend adding DIR and SWI sequences in routine MR protocols for MS patients. Hosny Sayed Abd El Ghany, Enas Ahmed Mohamed Abdel Gawad, Mohamed Mamdouh Mohamed Esmaeel, Mahmoud Mohamed Moneer, Alaa Wagih Fathy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195045 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Parenting Style on School Age Children that Addicted to Mobile Phone (A Phenomenology Study) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195046 Nowadays, the development of technology is progressing in various sectors, one of which is felt by society is the development in the communication sector through the availability of advanced communication tools, known as mobile phones. Nowadays, mobile phones are used more as a companion or friend living at all ages, both children and adults. Currently, parents provide mobile phones to children to facilitate communication and as a tool for education, but without any special supervision of parent causes the child addiction that disrupts the development of children. This study purposed to explore the experience of parents in caring for children who addicted to mobile phone. The method used is a qualitative research design with interpretive phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques obtained through in-depth interviews with semistructured interview guide to explore the understanding and experience of participants. The number of participants in this study there were 6 women with inclusion criteria: mothers with school-age children (6-12 years) who are addicted to mobile phones that have been diagnosed by a psychiatrist/psychologist, living together and getting therapy more than &gt;1 month. Selection participants conducted by researchers using purposive sampling technique that involves participants in accordance with the criteria.Based on the results of data analysis in this study, it was found the following themes: making the rules of the use of mobile phones, full time assisting children and compact implement rules for using mobile phones. Children have freedom in using mobile phones cause the child to fall on the condition of dependency or addiction that makes a child can not be separated from mobile phones so that parents set rules that must be followed when children use mobile phones. In addition, assistance is one way parents in assisting children who are already addicted. Parents also must be compact in implementing the rules and shall be the prime example for children in using of mobile phones. Need for setting rules from parents to children in terms of the use of mobile phones to prevent mobile phone addiction. Thus,parents need to provide special assistance to children in order to prevent adverse effects of mobile phones and continues to regard development of the child. Natar Fitri Napitupulu, Wisnu Barlianto, Septi Dewi Rachmawati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195046 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Flowcytometric Determination of T-lymphocyte Expression of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195047 <p><strong>The Purpose:</strong> Flow cytometric analysis to quantify the T-lymphocyte expression of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> This study was conducted along the period from March 2018 to March 2019 on patients diagnosed as having systemic lupus erythematosus. The patients were selected from those who attended Rheumatology and Nephrology outpatient clinics, Minia University Hospital, Egypt. <strong>Group I:</strong> It consists of 40 apparently healthy women to serve as a control group.<strong> Group II:</strong> It comprised 40 SLE women. <strong>Results:</strong> The area under ROC curve of lymphocyte expression of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> were 0.815 (95% CI= 0.712-0.893, p&lt;0.001), at a cutoff value of &lt; 32% and 0.675 (95% CI= 0.561-0.776, p=0.004) at a cutoff value of &lt; 18.8, respectively. CD4 lymphocyte expression exhibited sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 77.5%, 87.5%, 86.1%, 79.5% and 82.5%, respectively, whereas those of CD8 were 32.5%, 100%, 100%, 59.7% and 66.2%, respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We provided more scientific insights into the flow cytometric analysis to quantify the T-lymphocyte expression of CD4+ and CD8+ cells.</p> Nehal Ibrahim Abbas, Ashraf Mohamed Osman, Amal Mahmoud Kamal El-Din, Emad Allam Abdel-Naem, Manal Mohamed Saber https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195047 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Black Seed (Nigella Sativa) Extract on Release of Some Minerals from Human Enamel: An in Vitro Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195048 <strong>Background:</strong> Black seed of Nigella sativahas been used for centuries to promote health due to its antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of black seed water extract to reduce the release of potassium and zinc ions from enamel after acidic attack. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Twenty five maxillary human premolars were prepared and divided into five groups. The test solutions were included, black seed water extract in three concentrations (3%, 5%% and 7%), sodium fluoride (0.05%) as control positive and de-ionized water as control negative. The teeth in each group were immersed separately in 40 ml of the test solution for two minutes, once daily and for twenty days. The teeth then prepared for subsequent etching and analysis by atomic flame spectrometer to measure the concentration of the released potassium and zinc ions. <strong>Result:</strong> The highest mean value of dissolved potassium ion was found in de-ionized water group followed by 3% water extract of black seed while the lowest one was recorded in 7% black seed water extract. The statistical difference between the five groups was highly significant (p&lt;0.01) by using ANOVA test. The highest mean value of dissolved zinc ion was found in de-ionized water group followed by 0.05% sodium fluoride and 3% black seed extract while the lowest one was recorded in 7% water extract of black seed. The statistical difference between the five groups was also highly significant (p&lt;0.01). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Water extract of black seed has the ability toreduce the dissolution of potassium and zinc ions from the tooth and might increase tooth resistance against acid attack. Nibal Mohammed Hoobi, Raya R. Al-Dafaai, Baydaa Hussain https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195048 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Zinc, Vitamin A-Based School Snack and Nutritional Status on Diarhheal Morbidity among Children Aged 5-7 Years in Tuban: A Crossectional Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195049 In many developing countries, about 25% of children deaths were due to diarrheal disease. Diarrheal infection and malnutrition have always been intricately related. Micronutrient deficiencies have increased susceptibility to infection, and infection caused food intake disorder, nutrient malabsorption, and intermediary metabolism. Among children ages 5-7 years, school snacks provide almost 40% of the daily intake. This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc and vitamin A containing on school snacks and nutritional status on episodes of diarrheal among children 5-7 years in Tuban. This was an analytical observasional study with crossectional design. This study was conducted in Tuban from March until May 2018. From 521 kindergarten in Tuban district, 11 kindergarten were randomly selected, and 113 children aged 5-7 years were sampled. The data were collected by 3x24 hours food recall, and a set of questionnaire. The data was analyzed used Spearman test with a significance value of p &lt;0.05. This study found that there were no effect between zinc (p=0.336) and vitamin A (p=0.492) contained on school snacks with episodes of diarrhea, but there was significantly effect of nutritional status on episodes of diarrhea (p=0.013). This study conclude that zinc and vitamin A contained on school snacks has no effects on episodes of diarrhea, but nutritional status was significantly related with episodes of diarrhea. Nikita Welandha Prasiwi, Diffah Hanim, Adi Magna Patriadi Nuhriawangsa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195049 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Neurological And Non Neurological Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Developing Jaw https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195050 <strong>Background:</strong> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), recognized to be involved in differentiation and proliferation of specialized cell such as endothelial cell and osteoblast cell. Aim of the Study: The study was designed to identify the effect of exogenous BDNF on development of jaw and on neural marker expression. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Twenty pregnant rats,ten injected (I.M) with normal saline,other ten injected (I.M) with 0.1 ml of BDNF that received three doses at intervals (0,7,14 day of gestation period).Embryos at 16<sup>th</sup> and 18<sup>th</sup> intra-uterine life were used for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation for the development of prenatal jaw. <strong>Results:</strong> Illustrate an enhancement of bone development during proceeding embryonic periods for both study groups .Moreover, the experimental group shows a high significant difference in the mean of bone cell count at the period 18<sup>th</sup> day in comparisum to 16<sup>th</sup> day IUL,and in comparisum to control at 18<sup>th</sup> day IUL. Results show positive expression of neuronal marker by proliferating nerve cells in control and experimental groups with significant difference. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study suggest that BDNF contributes to promoting the differentiation of bone cells and enhancement of bone formation by increasing expression of neuron marker. Noor Natik Raheem, Mohammed Faris, Athraa Y. Al-Hijazi, Ali I Alqurshi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195050 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Efficacy of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> Extract against Dengue Virus Type 2 Infection in Vitro https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195051 <em>Catharanthus roseus,</em> known as Madagascar periwinkle is an herbal and traditional plant used for treatment of various diseases.A study was carried out to test the cytotoxicity and antiviral effects of methanol extract from the leaves of <em>C. roseus</em>. The leaves of <em>C. roseus</em> were extracted using methanol to produce crude methanol extract. In vitro cytotoxicity test was performed to determine the concentration value of the extract causing 50% cell death (CC<sub>50</sub>) using MTT assay. The antiviral activity has been confirmed by conducting foci forming unit reduction assay (FFURA) which involved post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal tests. Cytotoxicity test was performed on Vero cells indicates the CC<sub>50</sub> value for C. roseus extract towards Vero cells was 0.13 mg/mL. The 50% Effective Concentration, EC<sub>50</sub> of<em> C. roseus</em> extract was 0.025 mg/mL. Selectivity index of <em>C. roseu</em>s extract against DENV-2 was 5.2. Three treatments were used in the antiviral test; 1) post-treatment, 2) pre-treatment, and 3) virucidal. The results revealed that the post-treatment was more effective in inhibiting viral replication compared to pre-treatment and virucidal. The results of this research showed that <em>C. roseu</em>s extract has good potential for prospective nature-based antiviral drug. Noor Zarina Abd Wahab, NorefrinaShafinaz Md. Nor, Nazlina Ibrahim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195051 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Psychometric Evaluation of a Feedback Conception Scale: Building Positive Feedback Practises of Charge Nurses in Public Hospitals https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195052 Charge nurses who have a good level of understanding on feedback conceptions will be able to practise feedback effectively towards their staffs. The purpose of this pilot study was to provide the evidence of psychometric evaluation of ‘Teachers’ Conceptions of Feedback (TCoF) scale of charge nurses using the Rasch Measurement Model. There are 9 constructs with 37 items altogether. One hundred and sixty-three (N=163) charge nurses from three states had completed the questionnaire. The content validity was checked by three experts in the field of measurement and medical health. The findings revealed that most items fit the model as their MNSQ values are between 0.60 and 1.40 except for four items. PMC value for all items are more than 0.20 except for three items. Two items showed a negative value of PMC. Most items are in a same direction so the item discrimination is good. Item reliability and item separation is 0.87 and 7.29 respectively, while person reliability and person separation is 0.81 and 2.81 respectively. The reliability value for item and person is high and acceptable. The separation index for item and person are also acceptable. In total, five items were deleted. The statistical analysis provides strong evidence to support the validity and reliability of the scale. The findings show that sample selection is appropriate. Hence, this instrument could be adapted or adopted by other researchers in the Malaysian health care system context. Nor Hasnida Che Md Ghazali, Mahizer Hamzah, Norazilawati Abdullah, Zahari Suppian https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195052 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Cytotoxic Activity and Selectivity Index of Solanum Torvum Fruit on T47D Breast Cancer Cells https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195053 <em>Solanum torvum</em> has antioksidan. This study aimed to analyse cytotoxic activity and selectivity index of <em>Solanum torvum</em> on T47D breast cancer cells invitro. Identification of <em>Solanum torvum</em> fruit chemical compounds with LCMS containing Clorogenic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-feruloyquinic acid, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, 3,4 - O dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, putative dicaffeoylquinic lactone. Cytotoxic assays showed that the <em>Solanum torvum</em> Without Fermentation were IC<sub>50</sub> (IGT) 1111.62μg/ mL, IC<sub>50</sub> (MGT)1889.20μg/mL, IC<sub>50</sub> (EGT) 1171.90μg/mL, IC<sub>50</sub> (FEGT) 305.98 μg/mL. Cytotoxic assays showed that the treatment of fermentation was IC<sub>50</sub> (IBT) 1760.36 μg/mL, IC<sub>50</sub> (MBT) 1631.06 μg/mL, IC<sub>50</sub> (EBT) of 1111.58 μg/mL, IC<sub>50</sub> (FEBT) 39.17μg/mL, IC<sub>50</sub> (FHBT) 85.58 μg/mL. Index of selectivity (IS)<em>Solanum torvum</em> (without fermentation) were IS (IGT) 5.23, IS (MGT) 0.61, IS (EGT) 1.06, IS (FEGT) 1.45. Index of selectivity of <em>Solanum torvum</em> (fermentation treatment) were IS (IBT) 2.41, IS (MBT) 0.78, IS (EBT) 0.18, IS (FEBT) 4.64, IS (FHBT) 1.67. The best results are treatment of ethyl acetate fraction of<em> Solanum torvum</em>(FEBT) has IC<sub>50</sub> was 39.17 μg/mL and Index selectivity was 4.64, declared safe/not toxic to normal cells, thus potentially developed as T47D breast anticancer cells. Nunuk Helilusiatiningsih, Yunianta, Harijono, Simon Bambang Wijanarko https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195053 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Relationship between Father Involvement with Growth and Social-Emotional Development in Preschool Children https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195054 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Growth and social-emotional development in preschool children must have cared for parents. Although evidence exists of the association between them, especially mothers’ involvement, only a few studies have examined fathers’ involvement in parenting.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>This research uses Cross sectional study design. It has 106 pairs of fathers and preschool age children selected using consecutive sampling technique. Those fathers complete the questionnaire on father’s involvement in parenting and questionnaire on Age Stages Questionnaire Social Emotional (ASQ-SE) based on their child’s age. Furthermore, the Z-score is calculated based on the child’s Body Weight/Body Height index to assess their growth. The data are analyzed using chi-square test at significance level of p&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong>Father’s involvement in parenting is relatively good at 51.9%. In terms of child growth based on the calculation of Z-score from Body Weight/Body Height index, 77.4% of the children are found to have normal growth. Most of the children have the risk of experiencing socio-emotional issues at 58.5%. In terms of the association between father’s involvement in parenting and preschool children’s growth,a value of p&gt;0.05 is obtained, and in terms of the association between father’s involvement in parenting and socio-emotional development of preschool children,a value of p&lt;0.05 is obtained.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>This research finds that father’s involvement in parenting is not associated with preschool age children’s growth,yet it has a significant association with preschool age children’s socio-emotional development.</p> Nur Hijrah Tiala, Fitri Haryanti, Akhmadi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195054 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Factors Associated with Hypertension among Adults in West Java, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195055 Background:Hypertension is influenced by various factors including genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Objectives:We aimed to identify factors associated with hypertension among adults in West Java, Indonesia. Material and Method: The study design was a cross-sectional approach using secondary data from the ‘Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD)’ conducted in Kebon Kalapa Village, Bogor City, Indonesia in 2017. This descriptive study used a structured questionnaire to collect primary data distributed to respondents after obtaining their consent. Nutritional status and blood pressure data were collected from participants. A 24-h dietary recall was conducted to collect nutrient intake data. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS software version 24.0. Results:The prevalence of hypertension in this study was 34.2% and 23.9% of respondents were hypertensive. Bivariate analysis revealed that age 45–59 years, female gender, history of hypertension, overweight, and obesity were associated with hypertension status (P values = 0.0005, respectively, and odds ratios = 2.59, 2.37, 40.06, 7.60 and 10.04, respectively). Conclusions:Factors associated with hypertension among adults in West Java, Indonesia included older age, female gender, history of hypertension, and nutritional status. Nurul Wahyu Wadarsih, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195055 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Symptoms and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195056 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To compare symptoms and impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) between faller and non-faller patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: Participants were 247 cancer inpatients of the hematology-oncology department at the university hospital in Korea.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Among participants investigated, 11.7% had fall experiences due toCIPN symptoms. The faller group showed higher rates of metastasis, radiotherapy, and items in ADL impairment than the non-faller group. The faller group also experienced higher degree of sleep disturbance, depression, and peripheral neuropathy symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study provides directional relationship between negative effects on ADL and falls in patients with CIPN. It suggests that more attention is needed to develop fall prevention programs for patients with CIPN who has history of metastasis or radiotherapy to improve their ADL capability.</p> Ok-Hee Cho, Kyung-Hye Hwang https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195056 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Biliary Atresia Outcome in Egypt a Descriptive Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195057 <p>Biliary atresia is a rare disease that affects children and neonates, nowadays the current management of BA is portoenterostomy with or without liver transplantation, in this study we described the outcome of BA in single center.</p><p>We included 48 patients in this study with type 3 BA and measured the incidence of clearance of jaundice and cholangitis the incidence of clearance of jaundice was 43%and cholangitis was 20% also the mean age was 74.6±21.8 days which is quiet high.</p><p>We concluded that early diagnosis and centralization is the key point for getting best outcome for patients of BA.</p> Omar N. Abdelhakeem https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195057 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Registration Accuracy between Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth for Fixed Restoration Construction https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195058 <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> This study was carried out to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of conventional bite registration material and CAD/CAM bite registration material in patients with a single missing tooth.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: Twenty patients with one missing tooth (who needed a fixed partial denture) were selected and included in the present study. A full veneered preparation was done. The patient bit on bite registration material in centric and eccentric movement. A wire “3 cm in length “was bonded with composite on adjacent teeth to the preparation. The length of wire impression on bite registration material was measured and after 24 hours to evaluate the possible effect with time factor.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The effect of duration on the dimensional accuracy of bite registration materials at horizontal centricand eccentric occlusion was statistical significant between immediate and later who recorded higher values with both types of bite registration materials tested. Also a statistical significant differences between the two types of occlusion irrespective to the duration, type of restorations and types bite registration materials, as eccentric occlusion recorded higher values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Futar D and Futar scan bite registration materials provided accurate records with no differences between them. Dimensional accuracy was influenced by time factor of the recording materials.</p> Hossam Atef Abd El-Samad, Cherif A. Mohsen https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195058 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Relationship Consumption Patterns of Pokea Clams (Batissa Violaceavar. Celebensis, von Martens, 1897) and Lipids with Total Cholesterol Levels and Triglycerides in Patients with Hypertension https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195059 <p><strong>Introduction</strong>: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between pokea clams and lipid consumption patterns with total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hypertensive patients in the Sampara District.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This study uses an analytic observational with a case control design the population of this research is the people who consume pokea clamps. Sample of this research amount 60 people, divided into 30 cases and 30 control. The sampling technique uses purposive-sampling method. Data taken by using a questionnaire consumption pattern of pokea clamps, questionnaire of Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-SQ) and the blood pressure were taken by using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Data analysis use the calculation of Odds Ratio.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Statically, p values and OR value that is obtained from the consumption pattern of pokea clamps (Batissa violacea var. celebensis von Marten, 1897) (p value = 0,342; OR = 1,750; CI 95% = 0,548-5,586), pattern of lipid consumption (p value = 1,000; OR = 1,027; CI 95% = 0,247-4,273) to total cholesterol level in Sampara district region. Statistically, p value and OR value from all respondents with the pokea consumption pattern (von Marten, 1897. Batissa violacea var. celebensis) by control and cases group (p value = 2,05; OR = 2,31; CI 95% = 0,72-7,4). The statistical result of lipid consumption pattern between the control and cases group (p value = 0,47; OR = 0,44; CI 95% = 1,00-1,97) agains triglyceride levels in the Sampara District.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: There is no relationship between consumption pattern of pokea clamps and pattern of lipid consumption with total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hypertension patient in Sampara district region.</p> I. Putu Sudayasa, Bahtiar, Hartati, Arimaswati, Andi Zilfiah Lantani, Ni Putu Cecilia, La Ode Alifariki https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195059 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Modification of Ames Test According to Phenotype Features of Prototrophic Escherichia Coli https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195060 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Iraq is an oil country in addition to an agricultural economie so the using of pesticide has raised very dramatically to cater the food demands of increasing population. Thus, a continuous examination of pesticides is required. Ames test is a standard method for determining the carcinogenic compounds by induce back mutations in auxotrophic strain of <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em>- histidine negative (his -) and biotin-negative (bio -), but in our country-Iraq, this bacterial strain was unavailable in most time. However, this study designed to guess the possibility of employment prototrophic <em>Escherichia coli</em> according to phenotype features instead of <em>S. typhimurium</em>.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: A prototrophic <em>Escherichia coli</em> was sensitive to amikacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and trimethoprim. The strain was exposed to different concentration of Chlorpyrifos (CPF)as a mutation inducer. The potentiality of mutagenesisof CPF was detected according to phenotype featuresusing antibiotics susceptibility test (AST).</p><p><strong>Result:</strong>Our result showed that the mutations were induced in some chromosomal genes of <em>E. coli </em>when exposed to CPF in high concentration 80-100%, while con. 10-70% were not. These genes encoded resistance to erythromycin, trimethoprim and tobramycin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>The modified Ames test can consider as a predictive tool for screening a potential carcinogenicity. The potential of genotoxic of the CPF has been detected.</p> Ibraheem Abdulrahman Eltaif, Dunia Kamal Salim, Sundus Jassim Muhammad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195060 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Central Venous and Arterial Gases Level Versus Lactate Clearance as an Indicator of Initial Resuscitation in Septic Patients in Intensive Care Unit https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195061 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> Aim of this study was to compare the central venoarterial carbon dioxide difference/arterial-central venous oxygen difference (P(va)CO2/C(a-v)O2) ratio versus lactate clearance as an indicator to evaluate the steps of initial resuscitation in septic patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method</strong>: Our study was conducted in the ICU,Minia University Hospital. Eighty patients with severe sepsis or septic shock</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: There was improvement in CVP, MAP, or Scvo2 at T8 after early resuscitation with no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 and inside each group. There were no significant difference in P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio at T0 and at T8 at group 1. However there was higher lactate level at T0 and exhibited significantly lower at T8 in group 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Further clinical trials are needed to conclusively establish lactate clearance as a resuscitation endpoint and an outcome measure to be targeted during the most proximal phases of severe sepsis and septic shock.</p> Ibrahim Abas Youseif, Ahmad Hasaneen Mohammed, Rehab Mohammed Farghly https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195061 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hematological Study and Estimation of Trace Elements in Patient with Thalassemia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195062 Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells which can be caused either by too rapid loss or by too slow production of red blood cells. Blood sample from thalassemia and normal were collected, serum analysis. The concentration of hemoglobin, white blood cell count was lower in-patient group than normal. The level of nickel, magnesium in serum of patient were 0.213 ± 0.001 µmole/L, 15.44 ± /1.77 µmole/L While in normal 0.0321 ± 0.0035 and 13.34 ± 1.92 µmol/L respectively. Khalid H. Gathwan, Shatha Q. Jawad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195062 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Survival and Function of Heterotopic Auto-transplanted Thyroid Tissue after Total Thyroidectomy for Non-toxic Multinodular Goiters https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195063 <p><strong>Background/Objective:</strong>Limited animal and human studies have shown function, albeit inadequate, of implanted thyroid tissue in muscles. This work aimed to ascertain results in a larger number of patients, finding practical method for implantation, studying the effect of changing weight of implant and effect of passage of time on its function. Method: Forty patients had total thyroidectomy for simple multinodular goiters. A piece of the excised gland was finely minced, mixed with saline as emulsion, and injected in thigh muscles. Twelve patients had 5-g implants, while 28 patients had 10-g implants. Four parameters were studied at 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months: technetium isotope uptake by the implant; thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); free T3 (FT3); and free T4 (FT4). Results: All auto transplanted thyroid tissue survived and functioned. After 12 months, mean values (_ standard deviation) of isotope uptake, TSH, FT3, and FT4 of the 5-g implants were 0.44 _ 0.16%, 27.74 _ 30.4 UI/mL, 3.07 _ 1.10 pg/mL, and 1.01 _ 0.3 ng/dL, respectively. Those for the 10 g implants were 0.71 _ 0.20%, 22.78 _ 19.7 UI/mL, 3.92 _ 1.2 pg/mL, and 1.05 _ 0.3 ng/dL, respectively. Ten-gram implants showed significantly higher isotope uptake than 5-g. TSH, FT3, and FT4 significantly improved over the period of 1 year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Injection of thyroid tissue suspension is a simple method for thyroid auto transplantation. TSH was elevated in the majority to maintain normal or near normal thyroid hormones. Ten-gram implants showed higher isotope uptake than 5-g, although this difference was not reflected by thyroid hormone profile. The implant seemed to function better with the passage of time from 2 months to 12 months.</p> Lamis Hammad Mohamed El Hadad, Amr Abdallah Mohsen, Mostafa Nagy El Sanadeky, Khaled Mahran https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195063 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Sex Determination in a Sample of Egyptian Population based on Outer and Medullary Metacarpal Measurements. A Multi-Detector Computed Tomographic Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195064 Prediction of sex from incomplete and decomposing skeletal remains is vital in establishing the identity of an unknown individual. The purpose of this study is to assess the applicability of outer and medullary parameters of third and fourth metacarpals using multi-detector computed tomography in sex determination in Egyptian population. All measurements showed significant sexual differences (P &lt; 0.05). By simple discriminant analysis, mediolateral diameter of midshaft of the third metacarpal showed the highest percentage of accuracy (69%) in sex determination. This study concluded that metacarpals are useful bones for sex determination and also it imposes new forensic standards for determination of sex in Egyptian metacarpals using various discriminant formulae. Mennatallah Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed, Hala Mohamed Ahmed, Osama Abdelaziz Hassan, Moustafa Abdelkader Abdelwahab, Rehab Hosni Abdelkareem Younis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195064 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Predicting Patient Survival after Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Malignancy Based on Histopathological Criteria https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195065 <p><strong>This Study Aimed</strong> to identify histopathological variables that might contribute to survival, mortality of patients,and serious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method</strong>: This is prospective hospital based study that been done on all patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in National Liver Institute and Minia university hospital between the first of January 2015 till the end of December 2016. in the surgical department, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University and Minia university hospital.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: We found that perineural infiltration and lymphovascular invasion were independently significant in multivariate analysis, the effects of combining them in terms of predicting longterm survival is very important .Smaller and well-differentiated tumours were associated with significantly better patient survival (P &lt; 0.03 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). Positive lymph nodes were associated with reduced survival (P &lt; 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The analyse the histopathological parameters influencing longterm patient survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy focusing on perineural infiltration and lymphovascular invasion as predictors of longterm survival</p> Michael Remon Roshdy, Abu Bakr Mohammad Mohie EL-Din, Khaled Aly Abou EL-ella, Nasser Mohammad Zaghloul, Motassem Mohammad Ali https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195065 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessing Adverse Cardiac Effects of Direct Antiviral Agents in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195066 <p><strong>Objective</strong>:To evaluate the effect of the direct antiviral agents (DAAs) which are recently involved in treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients on the cardiac function.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong>The study conducted on one hundred subjects with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and treated with doses of sofosbuvir (SOF) plus daclatasvir (DCV) only or in addition to weight-based ribavirin (RBV) for 12 weeks. Level of human plasma B type naturetic peptide (BNP), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by echocardiography were evaluated to all subjects included before starting treatment and at the sixth week and after the twelfth week of the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>There were significant differences in levels of BNP and LVEF measurements through different times compared.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The patients included in the study with affected LVEF did not have heart failure symptoms. Statistically significant differences between parameters measured remained within the normal range.</p> Mohamed Abdel Azem Mohamed, Mohamed Fathy Abbas, Ahmed Hefnawy Abbas, Meriam Nabil Nasseif Rezk https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195066 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Allopurinol Versus Epinephrine in the Prevention of Post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Pancreatitis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195067 This study was to evaluate and investigate the effects of using different drugs on reducing the frequency and severity of Post- ERCP pancreatitis. The study was done on 90 randomized patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and divided into three groups. Post ERCP pancreatitis was diagnosed by laboratory investigations, ultra-sonography and triphasic abdominal CT criteria of pancreatitis. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of knife precut between the studied groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of post ERCP pancreatitis during comparison the control group with each studied drug group, in which allopurinol has a protective role in the occurrence of post ERCP pancreatitis by regression analysis. It is concluded to use allopurinol before ERCP procedure. Mohamed Abdelhakim Abdelaleem Elsherbiny, Madeha Mohamed Ahmed Makhlof, Ayman Mohamed Hassanin Hassan, Hala Ibrahem Mohamed Ahmed, Magdy Fouad Ahmed Mahmoud https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195067 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Role of SWI in Early Detection of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Cerebral Ischemia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195068 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The advent of new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques has improved acute stroke diagnosis. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) has an important role in the management of cerebro-vascular strokes.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong>The study was conducted upon 50 patients clinically diagnosed with cerebro-vascular strokes and referred to department of radio-diagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University. Computed tomography (CT) was done at first then magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 1.5T Philips MR system using conventional MRI sequences as fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2-weighted, T1-weighted and advanced sequences as susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) with the parameters including slice thickness, voxel size, field of view (FOV) and matrix,. They were done after the approval of ethical committee of our institution. Informed written consents were taken from the patients or their relatives.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: In our study, we found that 35 patients presented with acute non hemorrhagic infarction even on SWI and 15 patients presented with hemorrhagic infarction noted in SWI. Only ten of those patients with hemorrhagic infarction detected in CT. We found that detection rate of hemorrhage in SWI sequence was (100%). Detection rate of hemorrhage in CT was (33.3%). In SWI as regarding detection of different signs of acute ischemic strokes we found that of hemorrhage was (88%), detection rate of prominent cortical veins in vicinity of infarct was (62%) and detection rate of dark vessel sign was 6%. Comparative studies between them were done revealed that hemorrhage was the most important sign detected at SWI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: From this study we concluded that new imaging SWI MRI modality is a valuable MRI sequence in imaging hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke.</p> Mohammad Mohammad Ameen, Mohammad Farghaly Ameen, Manal Fayz Abousamra, Ahmed Mohammad Yassen https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195068 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Risk Factors for Pediatric Intensive Care Admission among Asthmatic Children in Aseer, South-West Saudi Arabia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195069 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The burden of childhood asthma continues to rise with increasing rates of asthma prevalence, severity, and death. Asthma is the one of the most chronic pediatric disorder and is frequent caused for hospitalization and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong>To determine risk factors for PICU admission in children with asthma.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong>The study used a retrospective case-control design. The cases included children admitted to the PICU and controls were children admitted to the hospital general ward.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>A total of 320 charts of asthmatic children were reviewed: 72 (22.5%) admitted to the PICU and 248 (77.5%) admitted to the general ward. Univariate analysis indicated that asthmatic children admitted to PICU were more likely to be older (p&lt;0.001), have longer asthma duration (p&lt;0.001), higher use of: inhaled corticosteroids (p&lt;0.0001), cromolyn (p=0.03), long acting β2 agonists (p=0.001), and poor adherence to treatment (p=0.002). However, multivariate analysis revealed that longer duration of asthma (p=0.03), use of inhaled corticosteroids (p=0.01), and non-compliance with therapy (p=0.02) were associated with an increased risk of PICU admission. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: this study identified a significant number of risk factors associated with PICU admission. Early recognition could help to develop preventive strategies, improve efficacy of treatment and reduce admission to PICU.</p> Mohammed Abdullah Alshehri, Mohannad Mohammed Al gossadi Alsheri, Reema Mohammed Al gossadi Alsheri, Renad Mohammed Al gossadi Alsheri https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195069 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation the Prevalence of Association between Cranial Congenital Fetal Anomalies and Extra-Cranial Congenital Fetal Anomalies https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195070 The purpose of this study evaluated the Percentage of association between cranial congenital fetal anomalies and extra-cranial congenital fetal anomalies. Patients and method: The study conducted for two years in Minia University Fetomaternal Unit 2018-2019, We examined 2091 cases referred to us from all Minia regions because of congenital anomalies risk,263 cases detected carrying different types and numbers of anomalies . Results: The number of congenital anomalies in this study was 263 with percentage (12.5%) but when these number of congenital anomalies linked to all Antenatal care cases that attached to Minia University hospital in two years with average number (40,000) cases in two years we found percentage was (0.65%).In this study the top affected system was the central nervous system with percentage 32.7%,then the renal system 18.6%, then the cardiovascular system 14.8%,then the chest 8%, then the musculoskeletal system 7.2% then hydrops fetalis 6.5% followed by GIT 5.7% then the neck 5.3%, followed by face which was the least prevalent Anomalies which the percentage was 1.1%.Conclusions: We found that CNS was the most common system affected and the most rare system affected was the face. The ratio of congenital anomalies in Minia Governorate was 0.65% Which was less than the global percentage. Mohammed Yahia Mohammed Ahmed, Hossam El-Din Shawky, Mohamed Ehab Ali Salet, Saad Abd El-Naby Ahmed El-Gelany, Mahmoud Hosni Ibrahim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195070 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Treatment Regimens on the Success of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment in 2014-2018 in Riau Province https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195071 <p>The immune-compromised condition due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can increase the risk of treatment failure in patients with drug resistant-tuberculosis (DR TB). This study aims to determine the effect of T2DM and treatment regimen on the success of DR-TB treatment in Riau Province in 2014-2018.</p><p>The design of this study was retrospective cohort using data of DR TB which were recorded in 01 DR TB form, 03 DR TB form, DR TB medical records and e TB manager at the DR TB referral hospital of Arifin Achmad Regional General Hospital and 7 sub-referral hospitals in Riau Province in 2014-2018. The independent variables were the type 2 DM and treatment regimen. The covariate variables were demographic factors namely, age, sex, marital status, occupation, education, residence category, clinical factor of previous TB treatment history, and medication adherence. The dependent variable was the success of DR TB treatment. The samples of this study were 146: 50 samples of exposed group (T2DM) and 96 samples of non-exposed group (Non T2DM). The survival analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that 54.79% patients were successfully treated. The probability of 50% success of treatments in both T2DM and nonT2DM using old regimen (conventional method) occurred on the 729<sup>th</sup> day. While, the probability of 50% treatment success in both T2DM and Non T2DM groups using new regimen (STR/ shorter regimen) occurred faster on the 272<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p>The risk of T2DM group with the new regimens in the treatment of DR-TB was 10.66 times (95% CI 3.23-35.12). Whereas, the treatment on NonT2DM group with old regimen with marital status that was controlled showed a significant statistic value with value p&lt; 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The use of new regimen accelerated the healing time and increased the successful treatment of patients with T2DM with DR TB.</p> Musfardi Rustam, Ratna Djuwita, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo, Erlina Burhan, Evi Martha, Renti Mahkota https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195071 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Role of Vitamin C in Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Introduction https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195072 <p><strong>Background</strong>:To investigate the relationship between ascorbic acid level in serum and anti-oxidant parameters in blood with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method</strong>: The study was conducted on 85 subjects,25 as a control and 60 with type 2 diabetes</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The current study was done in the period between January 2016-December 2018. The study included 60 patients with type 2 DM. The duration of diabetes ranged from one month to 240 month with mean 74.2±64.8</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: T2-DM patients with more severe diabetic nephropathy had lower vitamin C levels</p> Nermien Abd El Rahman Ibraheim, Fatema El Zahraa Sayed Bukhary, Yehia Zakareia Mahmoud, Mahmoud Ragab Mohamed, Salama Rabei Abdel-Rahim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195072 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Providing Self-Management Education to Deal With Emesis Gravidarum on Decreasing Nausea Vomiting Pregnancy (NVP) at Private Practice Midwives Puskesmas IV Denpasar Selatan Work Area https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195073 Data shows that 50-90% of pregnant women experience nausea in the first trimester. Excessive gravida emesis will gain weight into hyperemesis gravidarum and can disrupt the mother’s metabolism including dehydration, weight loss, alkalosis, and hypokalemia. Non-pharmacological therapy is a type of complementary therapy that can be used as an intervention to treat nausea including hypnotherapy, acupressure, acupuncture, relaxation, and therapy. Self-management is regulating personal activities to live a better and healthier life. Emesis gravidarum self-management education adopts the concept of Corbin and Straus in Kate and Halsted (2003), which is outlined in a module that aims to enable pregnant women to educate themselves to be able to regulate their own lives, set goals, and provide self-reinforcement in dealing with nausea, vomiting experienced. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of providing self-management education to deal with emesis gravidarum on decreasing Nausea Vomiting Pregnancy (NVP). This is an analytical study with a pre-experimental research design (quasi-experiment design) with one group pre-test-post test design. This study was conducted at Private Practice Midwives (hereafter: PMB) Puskesmas IV Denpasar Selatan Work Area. The population of this study was pregnant women who came to PMB in the work area of Puskesmas IV Denpasar Selatan. The sample of this study was pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting in the first trimester who met the inclusion criteria where the sampling technique in this study was accidental sampling. Analysis of the data in this study was conducted t-test to test the differences between the two pre and post-test distributions before self-management education was given and after the providing of self-management education was faced with emesis gravidarum. The results of the study showed that the average value of PUQE 24 hours before the self-management module was given was 9.5, the standard deviation value was 2.591, the minimum and maximum values were 6.0-14.0. The average value of PUQE-24 hours after the self-management module was given was 7.1, the standard deviation value was 2,273 with minimum and maximum values of 3.0-12.0. The conclusion of giving self-management module is effective to decrease nausea and vomiting in first-trimester pregnant women. Ni Nyoman Deni Witari, Ni Made Dewianti https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195073 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Relationship between the Consumption Pattern of Pokea Clam and Protein with LDL and HDL Levels in Patients with Hypertension https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195074 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> This study aims to determine the relationship between the consumption pattern of pokea clam and protein with LDL and HDL levels in patients with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This study used an observational analysis method with a case control study design. Research location in the area of the Sampara District. The number of samples was 60 people consisting of 30 case samples and 30 control samples using purposive sampling technique. The data was taken using a questionnaire pokea clam consumption pattern, Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-SQ) questionnaire and blood pressure data using mercury sphygmomanometer. Result of the data obtained were processed by analysis of Chi-Square test data with a value of p&lt;0.05 accompanied by an Odd Ratio value.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Statistical analysis showed that the relationship between pokea clam consumption patterns (ρ=0,604; OR=1,408) and protein consumption patterns (ρ=0,218; OR=2,051) with LDL levels. Statistical analysis showed that the consumption patterns of pokea with HDL levels (OR= 1.259,p=0.704) and protein consumption patterns with HDL levels (OR=0.889, p=0.839).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: There were no correlation between pokea clam consumption pattern and protein with LDL and HDL levels in hypertensive patients of Sampara District.</p> IPutu Sudayasa, La Ode Alifariki, Refi Faradilah, Noviana Suko Betteng, Asriati, Indria Hafizah, Jamaludin https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195074 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Correlation between GPX-1 Serum and Hearing Threshold of SLE Patient Post Prednison Therapy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195075 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong>Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is a disease characterized by the involvement of antibodies in the immune system-mediated inflammation, including the auditory system. One of the things that causes hearing loss in SLE is the occurrence of vasculitis and the process of oxidative stress which results in decreasing the activity of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) which is one of the important antioxidants in the human body against ROS. Provision of Prednisone therapy in SLE patients with hearing loss will improve hearing. It is expected that there will be an increase in GPx-1 levels along with hearing improvement in SLE patients with hearing loss after receiving prednisone.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong>To determine the correlation of hearing threshold with changes of serum GPx-1 levels in systemic lupus erythematosus patients who receiving prednisone therapy.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>A comparative analytic study conducted with pre-post design which analyzed the correlation between elevated serum GPx-1 levels and hearing threshold of SLE patients receiving prednisone therapy.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>This study found significant changes in GPx-1 levels after SLE patients with hearing loss received prednisone therapy. Comparison of serum GPx-1 levels of SLE patients who experience sensorineural hearing loss before and after prednisone therapy. The statistical test used is the Wilcoxon test and significant if p value &lt;0.05. Comparative test of GPx-1 levels showed a significant number (p &lt;0.001) with increase difference about 3.69U/g Hb. There is significant correlation between the increased serum GPx-1 levels with a decreased hearing threshold shown at high-frequency frequencies at 10,000 Hz and 14,000 Hz (p &lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>There is a correlation between improved hearing threshold in increased serum GPx-1 levels in patients receiving prednisone therapy.</p> Ratna Anggraeni, Sally Mahdiani, Nindya Pratita https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195075 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Leptospirosis Associated with Environmental Risk Factors: A Systematic Review https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195076 This article aimed to summarize environmental risk factors that can cause leptospirosis in human. Leptospirosis is one of the zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of animals that cause diseases when transmitted to humans. The bacteria that cause leptospirosis are <em>Leptospira</em>. Leptospira is pathogenic bacteria that are transmitted from animals to humans, directly or indirectly. Leptospirosis mainly found in the human who comes into contact with the urine of infected animals, urine-contaminated surface water, and soil in the environment or drinking water and food that contaminated with <em>Leptospira</em>. This review retrieved articles from four science databases, namely ProQuest, Scopus, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect. A systematic review was conducted using a predefined protocol based on PRISMA. The searching process utilizes three main keywords that include leptospirosis, risk factors, and humans in various combinations. During the initial search from four science databases (ProQuest, Scopus, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect), there were 506 articles retrieved. During the screening process, 59 articles excluded due to duplication, 403 articles excluded based on title and abstract incompatibility with inclusion criteria, 14 articles excluded due to not match of article content with inclusion criteria, and seven articles excluded because of the ineligibility with the study In the final screening process 23 articles were chosen to be analyzed. This review found the environmental risk factors that cause leptospirosis in humans are flooding, sanitation, household environment, and the presence of animal reservoir. Prevention is needed by improving the environment and dealing with flood problems properly Rusyda Ihwani Tantia Nova, Dewi Susanna https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195076 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Comparative Study of the Effect of Chronic Aluminium Chloride Administration on the Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Brain https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195077 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Aluminium chloride (AlCl3 ) is a known potent environmental neurotoxic agent causing progressive neurodegenerative changes in the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stressis strongly related to AlCl 3 neurotoxicity. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is aniso form of the nitric oxide (NO) synthases family.</p><p><strong>Aim of the Work:</strong>The current study was carried out to investigate the profile of the expression of eNOS in differentbrain regionsfollowing chronic aluminium chloride administration.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method</strong>: Twelve adult male albinorats were divided equally into two groups. Group I was the untreated control, groups II was given Alcl 3 (100 mg/kg body weight) orally daily 42 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed by decapitation under anaesthesia. The brains were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry using antibody raised against eNOS.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>By comparison to the untreated control, Alcl3 treated rats showed significant (P&lt;0.001) increase of eNOS expression in capillaries of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. In addition, there was significant (P&lt;0.001) increase of eNOSexpression in hippocampus when compared to cortex and cerebellum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>These data provide further evidence that chronic exposure to aluminium chloride potentiate oxidative stress with subsequente NOS induction in different brain regions with more hippocampal affection.</p> Sahar Ahmed Mokhemer, Nashwa Fathy Gamal El-Tahawy, Rehab Ahmed Rifaai, Entesar Ali Saber, Seham A. Abd El-Aleem https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195077 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Nutritional Evaluation on High Protein Supplement Diet by Biological Assay in Wistar Rat https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195078 <p>Enteral nutrition is the best way to feed or supplement the diet when gastrointestinal tract functions of patients are partially or totally preserved. Whenever total enteral nutrition is needed, it represents the only source of nutrients for patients. Thus, it is mandatory to ensure that high biological value proteins are included in enteral formula.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong>To investigate the nutritional effectiveness of protein blend constituted intended to be used in enteral nutrition products.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method</strong>:27 male Wistar rats, with initial body weight of 60±5 g, where divided into three groups and feed for 28 days with: Group A were fed ONS-ST, Group B were fed ONS-HP, and Group C were fed ONS-PF. Enteral diet was fed 30 g./day during 4 weeks and consumption was recorded every day. Observation on body weight and food consumption were determined during the Study. Growth study(PER and NPRR) and digestibility study (TD, BV and NPU) where calculated. Results: The obtained results for growth study and digestibility indicated that the supplement prepared with local food was a good protein source, especially when protein-mix was added.Experimental (Group B) and standard(Group A)had similar values for all analysed indices (PER, NPRR, TD, BV and NPU). These indices where also similar Group C, but lower than experimental and standard groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The nutritional effectiveness of ONS-HP versus ONS-ST when administered for 4 weeks to rats were compared. There were no differences between the ONS-HP group and ONS-ST group in body weight and nitrogen balance. Additionally, there were no adverse effects associated with administration of ONS-HP. These results suggest that ONS-HP is as nutritionally effective as ONS-ST, and as useful for nutritional management as conventional enteral nutrition formulas, even in a lower administration volume.</p> C. Sakphisutthikul, P. Sanchaisuriya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195078 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Impact Using Healthy Training Method to Develop Some Physical Abilities and Integrated Skills Performances of Futsal for the Deaf and Mute https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195079 We have noticed in the recent years that there is a clear improvement in the practice level of football in general and Futsalinparticular, Which consider the product of the scientific development of modern multi-purpose training method, which all world countries seek to prepare their trainers in a scientific way to aim of improving their athletes to reach the international levels,Scientific research is the best method which to check of the various scientific theories in the sports field and benefit from them to serve and develop sport. In view of the development of science and knowledge in many sports fields, including football, the game has received a large share of the attention researchers, which reflected on the development of play styles, plans and laws that contributed to give aesthetic in the players performance and increase the enthusiasm of the public, and from among those method is Futsal, which is one of the game method being a basic pillar for its development, as well as its skills, plans, events and unexpected positions in the game works to excite everyone and excitement towards practice and viewing because of the ease of law and small stadium space, the small of players number and similar of the basic skills with the football skills (Soccer), which led to practice by a large number of players.’ Salah Bresem Salih, Maytham Mohsin Habeeb Alhamdi, Mahmood Abd ALjaleel Abd https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195079 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Histopathological Findings in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195080 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Uterine bleeding, which affects a woman between menstrual periods, indicates several hormonal phenomena, which are uterine bleeding outside regular menstrual periods, usually associated with menstruation without ovulation, which is usually the cause of uterine bleeding. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of the AUB among Mosul women.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong>Study design: A prospective study was applied in the Mosul city, Iraq. All cases of abnormal vaginal bleeding procured between October, 2018 and October, 2019, at Al-khanssa teaching hospital, in Mosul city, Iraq. A total of 152 cases were included in the study. For each case, representative slides were reviewed and the pattern of uterine histopathological changes identified and classified according to age groups.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Total of (233) women abnormal uterine bleeding was studied from October 2018 to October 2019. Women’ age ranged from 15-55 years. Structural cause of chronic abnormal uterine bleeding consisted of 35.42% of cases, whereas nonstructural cause of chronic abnormal uterine bleeding consisted of 64.58% of cases. Ovulatory dysfunction was the most common finding among women with chronic AUB, accounting for (57.7%) cases. Polyp was found in (16.2%) women, Leiomyoma in (12%) patients, Adenomyosis in (4.94%) patients, Endometrial in (2%) patients, malignancy and hyperplasia in (1.9%) women, and Coagulopathy in (1%) women. The highest rate of Ovulatory dysfunction was belonged to age 25-29 years (19.9%).P prevalence was recorded at the highest rate among women belonged to age (40-44).The prevalence of A &amp; L increased by the age. The prevalence rate was 42.3% among women aged (40-44)(45-49) years respectively. The majority occurrence of AUB found in women belonged to age group()years and those who were multiparous.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The study concluded that our college students still need intensive training in critical thinking and problem solving techniques, and that the teachers of training and teaching should follow advanced method of teaching their students.</p> Thuka Tahsseen Yahya, Wasnaa Abdulkareem Elias, Huda Mahmood Faisal, Salwa H. Al Mukhtar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195080 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Nutritional Education Regarding Ante Natal Care: Improving Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Health Cadres https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195081 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Health cadres have a significant role in helping improve the health of pregnant women. Therefore, providing education supported by comprehensive tools to increase cadres’ competence and knowledge of ante natal care (ANC) for pregnant women is a strategic action. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of conducting nutrition education using “<em>Bumil-Kit</em>” media as a comprehensive tools on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the cadres in performing ANC.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: The quasi-experimental research with one group pre and posttest design was used to analyze 40 cadres as subject working in the area of Lebdosari Community Health Center. Cadres were trained by the nutrition workers the procedures for using “<em>Bumil-Kit</em>/Pregnant Mother-kit” consisting of weight scales, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) ribbon, microtoise, ANC books, chart of pregnancy growth, and booklets as well as conducting ANC. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were measured before and after a given intervention using a structured questionnaire and data gathered were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: The results showed that most cadres (45%) had 6-20 years of working experience. There was an effect of nutritional education on knowledge (p = 0.001), attitudes (p = 0.001), and behavior (p = 0.038) regarding ANC. The increased score of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after intervention was 7.15%, 6.53%, and 6.43%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Providing nutrition education using “<em>Bumil-Kit</em>”media as a comprehensive tool increases knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of health cadres regarding ANC.</p> Sri Achadi Nugraheni, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, Naintina Lisnawati https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195081 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation with Benson Relaxation on the Sleep Quality in Hemodialysis Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195082 <p><strong>Objects</strong>:To identify effectiveness of progressive muscle with benson relaxations on the sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>The study used a quasi-experimental with comparison of pre and post-tests without control groups. The samples were selected by consecutive sampling technique based on criteria inclusion. The sample size was 48 patients. Sleep quality was measured by applying Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data analysis used Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>the result showed that there was effect of muscle relaxation with benson relaxation on the sleep quality in hemodialysis patients with p-value 0.00 (p&lt;0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The intervention of progressive muscle relaxation and benson relaxation have same effectiveness to improve the sleep quality of the hemodialysis patients with sleep disorders so that nurse should apply this intervention to improve the sleep quality patients with hemodialysis.</p> Theresia Uli Porman Purba, Ridha Dharmajaya, Cholina Trisa Siregar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195082 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Analysis of Factors Relating to Loyalty of Patients in Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital Lampung in 2019 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195083 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Presentation of inpatient satisfaction of Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital only reached 75%. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with inpatient loyalty at Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital Lampung in 2019.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>This is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all patients who used inpatient services in 2019. Sampling using accidental sampling technique with a sample of 196 respondents. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis used multiple logistic regression tests.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Factors related to patient loyalty are gender, cost bearer, empathy, reliability, and hospital image with p-value (0.015; 0.000; 0.014; 0.007; 0.000). Factors not related to loyalty are age, job, and income. Reliability is the most dominant factor affecting the patients loyalty with OR 5.732.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Reliability is the most dominant factor influencing patient loyalty. It is recommended to the hospital for training to improve human resources through increasing knowledge, skills and abilities.</p> Wayan Aryawati, Bagus Nur Eko Prasetio, Vera Yulyani https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195083 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Risk Factors Associated with the Incidence of Cervical Cancer in Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Hospital Bandar Lampung in 2019 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195084 Cervical cancer is the most common cause of death in developing countries. The number of cervical cancers in Lampung was 385 cases in 2016. The prevalence of cancer morbidity in Lampung was 0.7 per 1000 population, many factors that cause cervical cancer were the age of first sexual intercourse, parity, multiple sexual partners, smoking, use of vaginal cleansers, use of hormonal contraception, history of sexually transmitted infections and family history. This is a quantitative study with a case control approach. The study population was all women who had cervical cancer and not cervical cancer, with a sample ratio of 1:2. Study respondents numbered 174, univariate data analysis, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate using multiple logistic regression. The results showed the most dominant factor associated with cervical cancer was a family history of p-value 0.009 OR 3.33 (95% CI 1.41-7.83). It is recommended that health workers can provide information about cervical cancer and prevent it by carrying out HPV immunization and pap smears regularly. Wayan Aryawati, Ni Made Arianingsih, Nurul Aryastuti https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195084 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Building Healthy Open-minded Measure for the Fourth Stage Students in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195085 The psychology from the sciences which is concerned with the psychological aspects of the individual and has an active role in building the human civilization, positive psychology is a modern branch of psychology that seeks to improve the psychological life through caring to the personal life of the individual. The Open-mindedness is one of the positive psychological concepts that make the student has a happy life, whether academic, social or professional through his mental and physical abilities to achieve success and make him an effective productive member of the society. Hence the importance of the current research in scarcity of scientific studies about the concepts of open-mindedness in Iraq, especially for fourth stage students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences as well as the importance of university education of students as being one of the most important corners of the educational process, the problem of the research that there is no standardized measurement tool enables researchers to identify the concepts of open-mindedness of the fourth stage students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, so the researchers decided to build a measure of open-mindedness for the fourth stage because it is the vanguard of the society youth and elite and basis of the society renaissance. Yassar Sabah Jassim, Lahib Ahmed Shaker https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195085 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Value of Use Chest Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195086 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious cardiovascular disease. Its symptoms are vague and resemble many other diseases. So diagnosis carries a great challenge.</p><p><strong>Aim</strong>: Aim of this study is to assess value of chest ultrasound in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) as a gold standard.</p><p><strong>Material and Method</strong>: In this study seventy three patients of suspected pulmonary embolism were evaluated in the period between June 2018 to October 2019 at the emergence department of chest, cardiology and internal medicine departments at Minia University Hospital. The patients were included according to inclusion criteria listed later. The patients were evaluated clinically and assess risk factors and probability scores (modified wells criteria). Then,Thoracic Ultrasonography (TUS) was done. Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was the reference gold standard method in this study. MSCT scans were interpreted by a radiologist who was unaware of the TUS results. Predictive value of chest ultrasound in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was evaluated by measuring sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPVs) of thoracic ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: In this study, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of chest ultrasound (CUS) for PE diagnosis were 81.25%, 95%, 98.3%, 77.3% and 87% respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: TUS is abedside, safe, easily available, noninvasive method for early diagnosis of PE in emergency department and in situations where CTPE couldn’t be used.</p> Yosra Mohamed Ali, Ali Omar Abd El Aziz, Nadia Farouk El Ameen, Emad Allam Abd Naeem, Hala Abd El Hameed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195086 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of the Knowledge Regarding HIV/AIDS among Nursing College Students in University of Basrah https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195087 <p><strong>Background:</strong> AIDS is a common infectious disease worldwide, so every health staff have to have a knowledge about it, specially nursing staff .</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong>To evaluate the knowledge of nursing college students about HIV/AIDS.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>The study was carried out on 150 nursing students at University of Basrah College of nursing during the 2018-2019. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection,which was consisted of twenty multiple choice questions to assess knowledge of students about HIV. Data was analyzed by using SPSS statistics version 23.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>The current results reveal that(76%) of nursing students have poor knowledge toward HIV/ AIDS,and there was a nostatistically significant difference between the stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The study concluded that nursing students need to increase their knowledge regarding HIV/ AIDS by for example developing the curriculum of nursing college.</p> Zainab Alag Hassan, Sajjad Salim Issa, Abdulameer Abdullah Al-Mussawi, Saja Kareem Jasim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195087 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Levels and Differences of Leadership Practices by Eminent Coaches Amongst the Team Athlete’s at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195088 This research is conducted to identify the level and differences of leadership practices between the popular coachesamong team athletes at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). A total of 50 respondents comprising 30 male athletes and 20 female athletes were selected from the team athletes at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). The research instrument used is Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) Questionnaire which was developed by Chelladurai and Saleh (1978; 1980) and has been translated into Malay language. This questionnaire has 5 dimensions of coaching style, ie a) Training and Instruction Dimension, b) Democratic Dimension, c) Autocratic Dimension, d) Social Support Dimension, e) Positive Feedback Dimension. An independent t-test inferential statistical analysis is used to analyze data. The findings show that there is no significant difference between male team athlete and female team athletes in all the favourite dimensions of coaching style amongst the athlete’s team. The findings also showed that the dimension of leadership style using Training and Instruction is the most favourable among the athlete team at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). Zulakbal Abd Karim, Ramesh Ram Ramalu, Mohamad Zahurin Mohd Rusof https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195088 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study of Implementation of the Early Breastfeeding Initiation Program at the Lepo-lepo Public Health Center in Kendari City https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195089 Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB) apparently decreased infant mortality rate for 8.8% and increased exclusively breastfeeding success for 2 years. Less attention to EIB implementation and less counseling by health professional drove a low implementation of EIB. Objective of this study was to describe EIB implementation at Public Health Center of Lepo-Lepo Kendari in 2014. Type of the study was qualitative through phenomenological approach. Informants of the study were 5 within 1 key informant and the other 4 were common informants. The result of the study showed that midwives’ knowledge regarding to EIB was good. Nevertheless, patient’s knowledge about EIB was less. Patient didn’t get information about EIB, either from birth assistance or socialization media. Attitude and support given by health professional was also less. EIB program was not realized and there was no socialization regarding to EIB given by midwives to the patient. Health resources were consisted of 14 midwives and none of those who ever received EIB training. There were no need special tools and infrastructures in implementing EIB. SOP of EIB announced on poster about it on the wall. Ruslan Majid https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195089 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Reproductive Health Behavior of Street Youth Guided by Karya Putra Indonesia Mandiri Foundation in Central Jakarta Region https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195090 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Adolescents psychologically have a negative self-concept that is easily influenced and tends to behave freely. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the role of parents and the role of friends with the reproductive health behavior of street adolescents. The problem with this research is the high rate of teenage pregnancy in Indonesia and adolescents account for 30% of unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong>Cross sectional research design. The sample in this study was YPKIM fostered adolescents aged 15-19 years. Data processing and analysis using chi square test and multiple logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Findings and Discussion:</strong>Poor reproductive health behaviors in YPKMI street adolescents by 33.3%. Based on the results of bivariate analysis found there is a relationship between the role of parents and the role of friends with reproductive health behavior. Multivariate analysis shows that knowledge is the most dominant risk factor associated with reproductive health behavior (OR = 6,610).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The results of this study prove the need to increase reproductive health knowledge in street adolescents to improve reproductive health behavior better by creating programs specifically for the coaching of adolescents, especially street adolescents.</p> Prihayati, Hansrizka Raisna, Ridwan Amiruddin, B. Owildan Wisudawan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195090 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation of the Antioxidant Levels and HbA1c of Type 2 Diabetes Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195091 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic and inflammatory disease, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with ROS generation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. A cross-sectional study was conducted with T2DM (n=60, male) aged over 40 years and nondiabetic control (n=30, male) with same age. All patients provided a written informed consent before the start of the study procedures. In the present study, we reported high differences (p≤0.01) in the antioxidants values (MDA, CAT, SOD, GPX and GSH) compared with control, value of HBA1c and duration of infection. High HbA1c is an indicator of high antioxidant enzymes activity. Serum MDA level was increased significantly in diabetes mellitus patients with a simultaneous decreased in SOD and CAT levels. Diabetes induces alteration in activity GPX and GSH. The hyperglycemia change the oxidative status which, in turn affects the endogenous antioxidant status in T2DM. They have high risk of experiencing micro and macrovascular complications. In addition to the combination of diet, exercise and medication can improve the level of HbA1c in T2DM. Further studies should be conducted to strengthen this evidence. Qussay Noori Raddam, Ola Hassan Hadi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195091 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Three-Years Survival Rates of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Targeted Therapy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195092 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell cancer driven by the BCR-ABL fusion protein that arises from the translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22. Since the found of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) as a targeted therapy, the relative survival rate of 5 years has significantly increased compared to the era of the use of previous agents. As a successful leukemia treatment, it can be seen based on the survival rate. Several factors have been known to influence the survival and prognosis of CML patients, including the age of the patient at diagnosis, gender, and response to therapy and treatment. This study aims to determine how many a three-year survival rates for CML patients with targeted therapy in Makassar and the factors that affect survival.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>This study used a retrospective cohort using secondary data (medical records) of CML subjects who had been outpatient or inpatient followed in the same time period. The study was conducted in January 2015 to December 2017 at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. The samples consisted of 108 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Gender, age, BCR-ABL transcript, targeted therapy and status were taken from medical records. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 version and survival analysis, Meier Kapplan curves, survival median, log-rank and test statistic</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>There were 108 subjects of CML patients who received targeted therapy, 58 male (53.7%), 30-39 years old 32 subjects (29.6%), b3a2 transcript 67 subjects (73.6%), Imanitib 62 subjects (57.4%) and status for 36 months was followed during the targeted treatment of dead 19 subjects (17.6%) and alive 89 (82.4%). The survival rate of a three years CML subjects who received targeted therapy of 51%, found no significant relationship between gender, age, and targeted therapy</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The survival rate of three years of CML patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Hospital is 51% and factors related to age, gender, and targeted therapy tend to influence even though statistically not significant.</p> Rani Silondae, Tutik Harjianti, Sahyuddin Saleh, Syakib Bakri, A. Makbul Aman, Hasyim Kasim, Haerani Rasyid https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195092 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gene Polymorphism of CSN1S1 and CSN3 Gene Associated with Casein Production Milk Trait in Iraqi Buffaloes (Bubalusbubalis) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195093 Twenty-four blood samples of lactating Iraqi buffaloes were analyzed for the presence of CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes using two pair primers to amplify 314bpand 453bp DNA fragment, respectively. Most investigated samples showed the presence of the CSN1S1 gene. In contrast, all samples showed the presence of CSN3 gene. Sequence analysis of both CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes were analyze using Blast algorithmic tool. The results showed that most of the investigated animals resemble those of the Middle East and Asian buffaloes at a percentage of 100% .Moreover, some of investigated genes showed little differences than animals of the other countries by having polymorphism genes posing DNA mutations. Most mutations were either insertion or transition mutation and located between 10936-10938 region. In conclusion, the mutations occur in these genes, which play a role in milk productivity may face unflavored climate condition in the summer in the south of Iraq. Rasha M. Othman, Nada S. Hadi, Basil A. Abbas, Moaed H. Sayhood, Firas M. Al-Mubarek https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195093 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Cross-secsional Study: Analysis Risk Factors Against Hypertension in Indonesia 2014 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195095 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Hypertension is one of the issues of global health problems. This is because hypertension can contribute greatly to the incidence of cardiovaskular disease, stroke, kidney failure and early death. Moreover hypertension rarely causes symptoms at an early stage, so many cases are undiagnosed. The prevalence of hypertension based on measurements in Indonesia through Riset Kesehatan Dasar in 2007 was around 31.7%, this figure declined in 2013 to around 25.8%, and increased in 2018 to around 34.1%, which was the largest prevalence in last ten years. This study aimed to look at risk factors that can affect the incidence of hypertension in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>:This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design using Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) datain 2014. The sample of this study amounted to 36,405.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The results of this study obtained the prevalence of hypertension by 21.8%. Some risk factors that are proven statistically and substantially can affect the occurrence of hypertension, including age&gt; 57 years (PR= 1.18; 95% CI 1.12-1.24), &lt;=junior high school education level (PR=1.52: 95% CI 1.46-1.58), with mariage status (PR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.30-1.18), have a diabetes mellitus history (PR= 2.28; 95% CI 2.11-2.46), have a high cholesterol history (PR= 2.16; 95% CI 2.03-2.29), and have a sleep disorders (PR= 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.13).</p><p>Suggestion: The results of the study suggest people especially those aged 15 years and over who have risk factors for hypertension in order to routinely maintain a healthy lifestyle; became input to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia to improve the quality of the implementation of Posbindu PTM such as providing blood pressure measuring devices and equipping cadres’ understanding of risk factors for hypertension.</p> Ria Arihta Ujung, Nasrin Kodim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195095 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Relationship between Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Adolescents https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195096 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Obesity is a condition of chronic accumulation of body fat and a factor for the onset of serious diseases such as dyslipidemia. Obesity and dyslipidemia are emerging as significant public health challenges in South Asian countries</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong>This study aimed to assess the association of obesity with dyslipidemia by measuring LDL and HDL in adolescents</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Sixty-two adolescents aged 17 – 19 years were randomly using systematic random sampling. LDL and HDL, anthropometric (weight, height, and BMI). Analysis data was performed using an independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher test</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>The results showed that the samples with a high risk for the measurement of LDL and HDL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>It was concluded that obese adolescents have close links with dyslipidemia and have low HDL level. Obesity in adolescents is essential as early as possible so that it does become a significant health problem.</p> Ria Qadariah Arief, Ridwan Amiruddin, Syamsiah Russeng, Citra Kesumasari, Nurhaedar Jafar, Ummu Salamah, Nugrahaeni https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195096 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Analysis of the Expression Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with and without Cholesteatoma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195097 <p>In recent years, the increasing incidence of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) diseases worldwide is often associated with the role of TLR4 as a component of innate immunity. This study aimed to analyze the TLR4 levels in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with and without cholesteatoma. This study was conducted using the cross-sectional technique on 30 patients divided into two groups. The first group is CSOM with cholesteatoma that consisted of 10 patients and the second group isCSOM without cholesteatoma that consisted of 20 patients. Each sample was examined for TLR4 levels and bacterial identification cultures in secretions and several samples were also examined for TLR4 levels in the middle ear mucosa. TLR4 levels were examined by the ELISA method.</p><p>The results showed that TLR4 levels in middle ear secretions and mucosa of CSOM patients with cholesteatoma were higher than chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma but there were no significant differences. TLR4 levels in mucosal samples are higher than secret samples but there are no significant differences.There were no significant differences in TLR4 levels in both secret and mucosal samples between groups of CSOM with cholesteatoma and CSOM without cholesteatoma. There were no significant differencesin TLR4 levels betweenthe secret and mucosal sample in both CSOM with and without cholesteatoma.</p> Riskiana Djamin, Restu Isnayah Handayani, Abdul Kadir, Eka Savitri, Muhammad Fadjar Perkasa, Andi Nilawati Usman https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195097 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Different Levels of Coriandrum Sativum and Piper Nigrum and their Interaction on Production, Biochemical Parameter, Liver Enzymes, TSH and Growth Hormone for Broiler Chickens https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195098 This study was conducted in Agri. Faculty field, University of Sumer De-Qar province for period from 10 th of April 2019 to 14 th of May 2019, they had fed 35 days. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effective of watery extraction of Coriander and Black pepper to (80) chickens, one day old, Strain Rose 308, unsexed birds and breed in four cages of batteries. This experiment was divided into four groups, three treatments with different levels and the fourth as a control. The results showed a significant increase of weekly body weight (BW), as well the treatments were improving feed consumption P &lt;0.05, furthermore there is increase in feed conversion ratio with significant result P&lt;0.05. The study reported about biochemical parameters, It showed that a significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride (T.G.) P&lt;0.05 incompared with the control and no significant difference with total protein. Liver enzymes activity after use medicinal herbs and spice for broiler chicks were recorded a significant reduction in GOT and GPT and no Significant effect on ALP, P&lt;0.05. As well as the herbs and spice gave increase in growth hormone maybe that herbs contain mineral and vitamins which increased growth hormones P&lt;0.05 the efficient of growth hormone (somatotrophin) was increase protein retention and glycogen deposited in the muscles, as well increase in TSH hormone that gave significant result P&lt;0.05. Increased of TSH hormone secrete from pituitary gland and causes elevated in T<sub>3</sub>,T<sub>4</sub> and increased the metabolism. The result indicated that there is significant differences between treatments for Immunological test of N.D. P&lt;0.05 when compared with a control and no significant differences for I.B. test. It is concluded the extraction enhanced the performance and health situation with improvement antibody titer against N.D. but the medicinal herbs did not effect on infection bronchitis (IB) disease as well all the chickens were vaccinated with N.D. and No vaccine with IB. S. G. Hussein, H. Q. Baker https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195098 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Diagnostic Study and Some Pathological Aspects of Parasites Associated with Appendicitis in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195099 The study is intended to investigate the parasites that existenec and accompany appendicitis after its removal in the surgical department at al-Sadr Educational hospital and Al-Hakim General Hospital in Al- Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate for the period from October 2017 to April 2018. The results of the current study of the appendectomy samples showed that 45 parasite samples were infected with 128 parasites (35.15%), the highest percentage of enterobius vermicularis (28.8%), and Ascaris lumbricoidis (22.2%). Entamoeba histolytica (17.7%), Entamoeba coli (13.5%), Giardia lamblia (11.3%), Cryptosporidium (6.5%), and male infection The parasite appendicitis was 55.6%, while the female infection rate was 44.4% 6 years had the highest incidence of parasitic appendicitis (33.3%), and the lowest rate of infection was in the 65-56 age group (4.4%). Sahira Ayed A. Al-Musawi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195099 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Formulation and Nutritional Appraisal of Renal Specific Formula https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195101 Enteral diet formula has shown to be beneficial in hemodialysis patients, where otherwise the gut is efficacious in digestion and absorption of food but oral intake is not possible due to anorexia, and side effects of treatments. Long term enteral feeding programmed with extreme use of commercially available expensive enteral formula all pose a requirement of development of an low cost diet Formula. The objective of this study was to appraisal of formulation and analyze its nutritional composition in comparison to other commercial formula available in market. Material and Method: The renal specific formula was developed by undergoing to different procedures. Samples of two different enteral formula (one renal specific formula and one commercial) were collected from each hospital on three separate occasions and evaluated for nutritional value and cost. Results: The results were compared with the nutritional requirements proposed by the National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) to enteral renal specific formula. This study demonstrates that hospital prepared enteral renal specific formula render unpredictable levels of micronutrients and macronutrients and appear likely to deliver less than the desired amounts of nutrients. The analysis showed diets with a normal distribution of carbohydrates. The total amount of dietary fiber in the renal specific formula was between 12 g and 15 g. In commercial formula dietary fiber was 3.40 g. Concerning minerals, all formulations were appropriate in iron and most of them in calcium, phosphorus, and sodium. No formulation evaluated presented appropriate values of potassium and magnesium. Additionally, the viscosity of renal specific formulas may be unsuitable for infusion through feeding tubes. The cost of the enteral renal specific formulas ranges from 60 – 88 baht/feed Conclusion: Enteral renal specific formula offers an efficacious, nutrient dense alternative, with known specifications, to assist medical professionals optimize nutritional strategies and improve clinical outcomes within the complex etiology in renal disease patient. C. Sakphisutthikul, P. Sanchaisuriya https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195101 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Chemical and Histological Study of Hexane Extract of Plant Capsella Bursa-pastori in Western Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195100 The study was carried out by extracting the aerial parts of the capsella bursa-pastoris plant and performing quantitative and qualitative detection of seven types of active compounds that exist in it because of its importance, its therapeutic ability and its effect as active antioxidants on the male reproductive system. The results of the qualitative and quantitative detection of hexane extract of the capsella bursa-pastoris plant showed the presence of polyphenols in high quantity (43.8) compared to other active compounds, soaps (11%), glycosides (0.55%), flavonoids (6%), tannins (0.88%) and alkaloids. (13.6%).The results of the analysis of hexane extract of the shepherd ki plant in mass chromatography gas mass - GC in that it contains many fatty acids where the highest percentage of fatty acid linolenic acid (31.38), while the lowest percentage of fatty acid palmitoleic acid (0.08) compared with other types of acids Fatty acids in the extract, and we arranged the fatty acids according to the retention period starting from the minimum duration of palmitoleic acid (14.36) to the highest duration of Eicosanoic acid (Arachidis acid) (22.41). The results of the study showed a significant increase of p≤0.05 for the second, third and fourth treatment compared with the control animals and the first treatment acetylcarnitin in the first and second duration of the testicular tubule diameters. The results indicated a significant increase of p ≤0.05height in the testicular epithelial lining epithelial cells. For the second, third and fourth treatment compared to the control and the first treatment for all durations, the results of the study showed a significant decrease p 0.0.05 for the first treatment acetylcarnitine compared to the rest of the treatments in all durations in the rate of elevation epithelial cells lining Testicular tubules. Saja Mahmoud Najem Al Rubaie, Nidhal Ibrahim Lateef, Ashwaqtalibhameed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195100 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Using Healthy Programmed Education on Learning the Basic Skills of Futsal in the Republic of Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195102 <p>We have noticed in the recent years that there is a clear improvement in the practice level of football in general and Futsal in particular, Which consider the product of the scientific development of modern multi-purpose training method, which all world countries seek to prepare their trainers in a scientific way to aim of improving their athletes to reach the international levels,Scientific research is the best method which to check of the various scientific theories in the sports field and benefit from them to serve and develop sport.</p><p>In view of the development of science and knowledge in many sports fields, including football, the game has received a large share of the attention researchers, which reflected on the development of play styles, plans and laws that contributed to give aesthetic in the players performance and increase the enthusiasm of the public, and from among those method is Futsal, which is one of the game method being a basic pillar for its development, as well as its skills, plans, events and unexpected positions in the game works to excite everyone and excitement towards practice and viewing because of the ease of law and small stadium space, the small of players number and similar of the basic skills with the football skills (Soccer), which led to practice by a large number of players.</p> Salah Bresem Salih, Maytham Mohsin Habeeb Alhamdi, Mahmood Abd ALjaleel Abd https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195102 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Exam-related Anxiety among the Students of the High Healthy Vocations Institute at Medical City https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195229 The purpose of this study was to assess levels of anxiety among the Students of the High Healthy Vocations Institute, to find out relationship between students’ anxiety levels and some socio-demographic characteristics such as (age, residency, marital status and department) of the Students of the High Healthy Vocations Institute. The period of the study was from April 2<sup>nd</sup> , 2019 to June 2<sup>nd</sup> , 2019). To meet the study objectives a questionnaire was constructed. This questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part includes four demographic characteristics: age, residency, marital status, and department; the second part concerning with the test anxiety scale. The scale measures the most important symptoms that characterize the test anxiety. Data were analyzed by applying: descriptive statistical analysis: frequencies and percentages and distribution; and inferential analysis: Correlation Coefficient, Chi-squire. The findings of the study revealed that assessment of exam-related anxiety among the Students of the High Healthy Vocations Institute is moderately to severe level of anxiety. There was a significant relationship between severity of anxiety and age of the students. The present study recommends encouraging the students to learn some coping strategies and stress managements by attending training and relaxation sessions. Advice to regular recreational programs that include trips to reduce stress and to help them to prevent and lessen the stress associated with every-day life events stress. Sameer Allawi Khalaf, Meaad Kareem Halboos https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195229 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Regional Health Care: Does Give Benefits for Poor Communities? https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195103 This research to observe implementation of the regional health care program of Banyuwangi Regency, especially in the implementation of pro poor budgeting in poverty alleviation and the benefits received by the poor. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with respondents and the informants are beneficiaries of regional health care, health offices and technical support officers at the village/urban village office. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of public health care in Banyuwangi has been going well. The poor health care program in Banyuwangi is more commonly called the Declaration of Poor Letter (SPM). Problems rise from the implementation of the SPM are convenience for some people who have access to village officials, so that they can have SPM. In addition to the single parent, the difficult rule which states that only family members in a Family Card that can take care of SPM. We suggest for regional goverments to increase human resources at the village level in SPM services. Most of the respondents, 95 percent stated that the regional health care program provides considerable benefits for the community, especially the poor. Siti Nuraini, Riski Isminar Ardianti, Deddy Kurniawansyah https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195103 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Olanzapine on the Improvement of the Clinical Symptom of Schizophrenia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195104 Administration of atypical anti psychotics (risperidone, olanzapine and clozapine) can improve cognitive dysfunction which occurs in schizophrenia patients. This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of olanzapine on the improvement of clinical symptom (the positive and negative symptoms) in schizophrenia patients. The study was observational with analytic approach on inpatient and outpatient schizophrenia patients in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and its networking. Subjects comprised of 30 samples who were divided into two groups: the risperidone group which consisted of 15 subjects and the olanzapine group which consisted of 15 subjects. The positive and the negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychopathological symptoms. The results showed that improvement of clinical symptom based on the decrease of the positive symptom of the PANSS was significant (p&lt;0.05) since the 2<sup>nd</sup> week in both groups. However, comparison of the changes of the positive symptom of the PANSS after medical treatment showed that the decrease of the positive symptom of the PANSS was greater in the risperidone group compared to the olanzapine group (p&lt;0,05). As for negative symptom of the PANSS between the two treatment groups showed that the decrease of negative symptom of the PANSS was significant (p &lt; 0.05) since the 2<sup>nd</sup> week. Sonny T. Lisal, Saidah Syamsuddin, Balgis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195104 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study of Some Virulence Factors of Candida Albicans Causing Intestinal Infection https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195105 The incidence of systemic candidiasis which is caused by <em>Candida albicans </em>has increased so the present study sheds light on detecting some virulence factors of <em>Candida albicans </em>like production of phospholipases and proteinases, besides the adherence on epithelial cells (from human mouth) and drug tolerance were concerned. Proteinase enzyme was produced by 20 <em>C.albicans</em> isolates (47.62%) out of 42 isolates. On the other hand, 18 out of 42 (42.86%) isolates of <em>C.albicans</em> could produce the phospholipase enzyme. The ability of the isolates for attachment onto the surface of epithelial cells was studied and found that 39 isolates of <em>C.albicans</em> could adherence epithelial cells and 20 isolates recorded percentage 95- 98%. As the resistance to antifungals concerned, we found that 32 isolates of Candidawere resistant to nystatin. Amphotericin B was the most effective against all isolates of Candida. Microscopic examination results of histological section taken from rats’ intestine tissues that artificially infected with <em>C.albicans </em>which included degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage. Sozan Khaled Kadhum https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195105 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effectiveness of National Early Warning Score (News) as Predictor of Mortality in Heart Failure Patients in Emergency Department https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195106 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Heart failure is one of the global health problems for society characterized by a high mortality rate, increased hospitalization and rehospitalization. National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is one who has the EWS development of physiological parameters include pulse rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate, body temperature, level of consciousness (AVPU), oxygen saturation and the use of supplemental oxygen in the range of 0-3 on each parameter</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: This study aimed to analyze NEWS effectiveness as a predictor of mortality of heart failure patients in the Emergency Department (ED)of General Hospital of Dr. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This study using observational analytic design with prospective cohort approach. The respondents in this study were 64 patients in quota sampling. The research instrument is observation sheet. ROC analysis and multivariate used multiple logistic regression test</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: ROC test showed that NEWS has value of p=0.000 and AUC of 0.856 which describes NEWS can be a strong predictor related mortality in heart failure patients with CI of 95%, sensitivity value of 0.85 (85%) and specificity of 0.818 (81.8%). Logistic regression analysis explained the SBP became independent variables that most associated with mortality of heart failure patients with Exp(B) of 10.208 which describes the high score of SBP has greater risk 10.208 times to death compared with a normal score of SBP after controlled by SPO 2 .</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: NEWS is an effective predictor of mortality of heart failure patients.</p> Srikandi Puspa Amandaty, Siswanto, Asti Melani Astari https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195106 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Breast Cancer and Hormonal Level Changes https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195107 <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Study of Surgical procedure used in treating Breast Cancers – Mastectomy, Bilateral Mastectomy and Adjuvant procedures and the rise in the blood hormonal levels of the breast cancer patients. The purpose of the study is to understand breast cancer and to delve into various factors that increase the risk of contracting breast cancer. It describes various surgical procedures like mastectomy, bilateral mastectomy and adjuvant procedures. It also describes the various serums that body secretes that can cause cancer. It sees the genetic factors and other risk factors that can cause cancer.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> It studied 30 breast cancer cases from private Clinicat Babylon. Only those patients who had undergone mastectomy or had tumors removed from breast were considered. These patients were in the age group of 25 to 65. Statistical data was arrived at by questionnaires and interviews with surgeons, nurses and patients. The paper also describes changes in the blood hormones of cancer patients. Complete blood tests were done on 30 patients that included the measurement of various serum and blood plasma cells such as Estrogen hormone, Progesterone hormone (Prog. H), Serum total cholesterol, Serum triglyceride, Serum HDL-cholesterol, the concentration of LDL cholesterol and other proteins in serum as IgG, IgM, and IgA.</p><p><strong>Interpretations</strong>: Cancer if detected at a young age need not lead to mastectomy, but surgically removing tumors will suffice. As the age progresses the incidence of mastectomy and bilateral mastectomy also increases. The blood hormones of cancer patients showed abnormal readings and a conclusion can be drawn that BC can be detected from the abnormal levels of blood hormones.</p> Suhad Kahdum Ali https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195107 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Socio-demographic Characteristics and Caregiver’s Quality of Life Associated with Suspected Developmental Delay among Early Childhood in Northeast of Thailand https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195108 <p>The first 5 years was possibly the most critical and extremely important in child development. Development problem of Thai children are not improve to standard.</p><p>This research aimed to analyze about association between Socio-demographic Characteristics, Caregiver’s quality of life and suspected developmental delay among early childhood. A Cross-sectional analytical study, there are 1,168 sampling groups; caregivers 584 persons, early childhood 584 persons, between April to May 2019. The multivariable analysis was used by multiple logistic regression.</p><p>Early childhood aged average 36.1 months, males are 53.1%, and with suspected developmental delay 48.1%. There are 4 factors which are associated with the suspected developmental delay; 1) monthly self- income of caregiver (AOR= 1.9; 95%CI: 1.24 to 2.87; p= 0.003) 2) gander (AOR= 1.9; 95%CI: 1.33 to 2.64; p&lt;0.001) 3) age range (AOR= 2.5; 95%CI: 1.54 to 4.09; p&lt;0.001) and 4) quality of life about social relationship (AOR= 1.6; 95%CI: 1.23 to 2.01; p= 0.020).</p><p>Prevalence of suspected developmental delay is quite high, Socio-demographic Characteristics and caregiver’s quality of life has influenced to the early childhood development.</p> Supattra Boonjeam, Rajda Chaichit, Benja Muktabhant, Suwit Udompanich https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195108 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Lapin Stealth Citrobacter Urogenital Infection Model https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195109 A lapin stealth C.freundii urogenital infection models were being developed. Three groups each of five rabbits were assigned as group I for stealth C.freundii, group II for intact C.freundii and group III for control. The infectious dose was rated to, 1x10 to 7 CFU/ml. The dosing program was through transurethral route. From the time zero day up to the day eight post infection the rabbits was watched for signs of disease. The changes in the whole animal beings were found as; rise up in body temperature, loss of appetite, loss of body weight and sluggishness .Postmortem gross urogenital organ/tissue matrix changes were congestion and haemorrhage. Tissue changes were noted as an acute to sub-acute urethritis,cystitis and testiculitis. To this end rabbits were proved to be suitable experimental models for evidence of stealth C.freundii pathogenicity. The developed models are being novel so far C.freundii is concerned. Q. N. A. Thewaini, I. M. S. Shnawa, A. R. ALshibeeb, M. Mosa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195109 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Dosing of Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Single-Center Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195110 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> Study the relationship of dialysis adequacy with the effectiveness of erythropoietin for the management of anemia in hemodialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method</strong>: A retrospective cohort study, conducted in the Medical city complex from January 2019 to June 2019, the study involved 162 ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis sessions.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Change in Hb (percentage and value), was significantly higher in patients receiving once-weekly erythropoietin compared to both twice and thrice and more dosing per week. Overall only 33 (21.2%) of the patients achieved target Hb (10 – 11 mg/dL) with 6 months of follow-up. There was an inverse significant correlation between percentage change after 6 months with baseline Hb, baseline ferritin, and baseline albumin. While with urea at baseline, number of weekly sessions, and Kt/V the relationship becomes direct and significant There is an increased risk (2 folds) of not achieving target Hb (10-11 mg/dL) in patients with DM compared to those without DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Once weekly regimen appeared to superior to other regimens (twice or more per week).</p> Thuraya Salim Abed, Jawad Ibrahim Rasheed, Hayder Adnan Fawzi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195110 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Analysis of Risk Factors Occurrence of Juvenile Delinquency Behavior https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195111 <p>Now a days juvenile delinquency is increasing in terms of number and type. Delinquency and criminality among teenagers are generally categorized as deviant behavior in society and can be interpreted as a form of teenage resistance to normative rules and values that apply in society. Many risk factors are related to deviant behavior.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to analyze the risk factors that influence the occurrence of juvenile delinquency.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>This study used a cross-sectional design and a simple random sampling technique. The calculation results involved 295 samples. The independent variables were individuals, families, school environments, peer groups, coping mechanisms, lifestyles, and technologies. The dependent variable was juvenile delinquency. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The analysis used a multiple linear regression test with a significance level of α≤0.05.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Of the seven variables, six of them significantly influence juvenile delinquency. Technology is the variable that has the greatest influence on the occurrence of teenager wear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Technology is the most influential factor. These results indicate a significant shift in the causes of juvenile delinquency from family and peer factors to technological factors. This is quite reasonable because technology is a major need and is a trend for teenagers at this time.</p> Tri Anjaswarni, Nursalam, Sri Widati, A. Yusuf https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195111 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Case Study of the Health Adaptation of Former Schizophrenics in Communicating with the Bugis Makassar Community in the South Sulawesi Province https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195112 <p><strong>Objective:</strong>This study aims to identify and categorize the cases of health adaptation of former schizophrenic patients in the process of interaction and communication with the community after experiencing a healing phase.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>This research uses a qualitative method with the type of case study. The technique of determining informants using non probability sampling is purposive sampling intentionally characterizing former schizophrenics who have interacted and communicated directly with the internal and external environment. Field data collection techniques through primary data, such as participant observation and in-depth interviews with former schizophrenics. The informants selected and analyzed were nine cases of former sufferers who, on average, were aged 34 to 60 years.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>This study found a categorization of health adaptation cases of former schizophrenics who had been cured medically and had initial interactions with the internal and external environment. Based on the analysis of health adaptation cases, four phases are categorized, namely: the healing phase, the interaction phase, the acceptance phase, and the openness phase. After going through these four phases, it was found a pattern of health adaptation of former schizophrenic patients in interacting and communicating with the Bugis-Makassar community. First, the manifest pattern is the ability of former schizophrenics to deal with and overcome internal and external environmental problems. The manifest pattern is characterized by positive self concepts and self disclosure is increasingly open. Second, latent patterns indicate the inability of former schizophrenics to overcome problems in the external environment. This gives rise to negative self concepts and closed self disclosure to communicate with the Bugis-Makassar community.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>Based on an analysis of nine cases of health adaptation of former schizophrenic patients in communicating with the Bugis-Makassar community, it was more dominant in the latent pattern than the manifest pattern. This is due to the higher openness in the internal environment compared to the external environment due to the shame of ‘siri’ in themselves and the nuclear family. As a result, fear arises when their families who are former schizophrenics suffer from lack or are not accepted in the Bugis-Makassar community.</p> Tuti Bahfiarti, Arianto, Muhammad Harun Achmad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195112 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Anxiety Symptoms in a Sample of Iraqi School Teachers https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195113 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Anxiety at workplace is a learnt response to stress and it differs from generalized anxiety disorder as the symptoms are specifically related to the work environment. Excessive pressure from educational institutions, students and student parents, community attitude, work overload, students’ poor behavior and role conflict make teachers always confused and this predispose to anxiety</p><p><strong>Aims of Study:</strong></p><p>1. To estimate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among an Iraqi sample teachers of primary and secondary schools.</p><p>2. To determine the socio demographic factors contributing to anxiety among teachers.</p><p><strong>Subjects and Method</strong>: This is a cross-sectional study involving teachers from 16 primary and secondary schools in Baghdad, Iraq. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Arabic Version) was used to measures anxiety symptoms and determine anxiety levels among school teachers. All teachers of both sexes in selected primary and secondary schools who agreed to participate in the study and responded with data required were included.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Most of teachers showed levels of anxiety symptoms that are higher than normal cut off of anxiety according to BAI. There was significant higher average score for BAI among primary school teachers while no significant difference was found when comparing different categories of levels of anxiety symptoms between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Teaching profession is associated with high levels of anxiety in Iraq . Further studies are needed to confirm whether this anxiety is general to all Iraqi population or it is unique to teaching profession.</p> Uday Khalid Abdul Jabbar Al Qaisy, Ali A. Al Sharify, Mustafa T. Radhi, Irfan Faisal Jasim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195113 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Psychososial Experience of Diabetes Melitus Patients While Experiencing the Diabetes Feet Ulcer in Rumah Perawatan Luka Ubalan Pamotan Village Dampit Subdistrict Malang Regency https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195114 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong>This study reveals the psychosocial experience of diabetic mellitus patients with diabetic foot ulcers while undergoing treatment at <em>Rumah Perawatan Luka Ubalan</em> (Ubalan Ulcer Nursing Home).</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong>Exploring the meaning of psychosocial experiences of diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic foot ulcers during treatment.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>Qualitative research uses phenomenological interpretive approach and is analyzed using IPA (Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis).</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong>This study found 3 major themes: fear of facing death, loss of opportunity to interact socially with others, feeling insecure about the physical appearance of the disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:Perceptions and psychosocial responses in diabetic foot ulcer patients have an impact on the life of social interactions.</p> UlulAzmi Iswahyudi, Indah Winarni, Tony Suharsono, Heni Dwi Windarwati, Ikha Andriyani https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195114 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Is Osteopontine of Value in Diagnosis of Knee Osteoarthritis? https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195115 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Osteoarthritis is a painful chronic joint disease characterized by structural changes to the whole joint, including loss of articular cartilage, development of osteophytes, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone changes, meniscal damage, muscle weakness, and ligamentous laxity.</p><p><strong>Aim of the Work:</strong>To detect osteopontine (OPN) in knee osteoarthritis.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>:60 patients diagnosed as primary knee OA fulfilling Arthritis Rheum 1986 OA classification criteria, And 60 healthy control were included. All patients subjected to through history taking and full examination, body mass index, plain x ray knees PA view to assess severity according to Kellgren and Laurence grading, plasma and synovial fluid OPN levels, and plasma OPN for control. Assessment of pain for OA patients by patient pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and for functional status by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), ESR, CRP were done.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>there was significant difference between both groups regarding plasma osteopontine (p&lt;0.0001), OPN levels in OA patients in plasma and synovial fluid was correlated with each other (p &lt;0.0001), patient pain VAS, WOMAC score, K-L grading were correlated with plasma OPN levels with p value (0.001, &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001), and with synovial fluid OPN levels in primary OA patients with p value (0.008, &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001) respectively. ESR positively correlated with plasma OPN p=0.004.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>OPN is higher in OA patients more than control, and it is higher in synovial fluid than plasma in knee OA patients, OPN correlated with markers of systemic inflammation and has impact on functional status so it can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in knee osteoarthritis.</p> Walaa F. Mohammed, Faten Ismail Mohamed, Gihan M. Ahmd, Rasha A. Abdelmagied, Aliaa M. Mounir, Mustafa Abdel- Kader https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195115 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Coal Dust Exposure and Gingivial Lead Line in Coal Miners https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195116 Coal dust contains less than 1% lead (Pb). This dust can enter the body through breathing, mouth and skin. Lead contained in coal dust can react with Sulfur and form gingivial leadline. The study was an observational study with cross-sectional design. The research subjects were coal miners in Sambung Makmur Sub-District, Banjar District, amounting to 100 people. The number of samples was calculated by the Slovin formula and obtained 80 people as samples and determined by simple random sampling technique. The sample obtained then determined the value of the gingivial lead line score as done by Sudibyo. The degree of gingivial lead line is assessed based on the score as follows: 0 = no gingivial lead line; 1 = gingivial lead line found in 1-2 marginal gingival anterior teeth labial surface; 2 = gingivial lead line found at 3-4 marginal gingival anterior teeth labial surface; 3 = gingivial lead line at&gt;4 marginal gingival anterior teeth labial surface. In addition, age, working period (tenure), and smoking habits are the variables measured in this study. The data obtained were analyzed using the chi-square test with a= 5%. The conclusion is the incidence of gingivial leadline of coal miners was related to age, tenure, and smoking habits. Widodo, Sahdhina Rismawati, Eko Suhartono, R. Darmawan Setijanto https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195116 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Re-evaluation of Psoriatic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Case Control Study Searching for the Highly Prevalent Criteria https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195117 Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, presented as erythematous plaques with salmon pink color and silvery white scales. The association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome have recently demonstrated by many studies, and this link suggested by the presence of systemic inflammatory status with the high level of cytokines. The study aimed to evaluate psoriatic patient who have metabolic syndrome with recording of the frequency of the criteria of this syndrome. Sixty two cases of psoriasis involved in this study with age and gender matched controls. Patient was diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome if he has three or more of the criteria depend upon IDF/NHBLI/AHA/World Heart Federation/International Atherosclerosis Society/International Association. Thisstudy revealed that metabolic syndrome occur in a higher frequency among psoriatic patients (58%) than the controls (16%). The highly prevalent criteria among psoriatic patients with positive metabolic syndrome was increase waist circumference at the top (100%) and hypertriglyceridemia came next (69%), with low HDL, hypertension, and raised fasting blood glucose came successively. The study reiterates the fact that Metabolic Syndrome and psoriasis do have a close association. Our study shows that central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia occur with high frequency among psoriatic patients with positive metabolic syndrome. Wisam Majeed Kattoof https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195117 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Analysis of Employee’s Satisfaction in Efforts to Improve Service in Regional Public Hospital of Dok II Jayapura Papua https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195118 Dissatisfied employees tend to experience a decline in performance, so they can’t provide good health services. Patient satisfaction is influenced by the good and bad health services provided by employees, so there may be problems with human resource management. The purpose of this study was to describe employee job satisfaction in an effort to improve services in the Regional Public Hospital of DOK II Jayapura Papua. The type of research was descriptive (case study). The number of samples of 74 samples with the sampling technique was random sampling. Results obtained by employees who stated that they were not satisfied 51.3%, very dissatisfied 1.4% while those who expressed satisfaction were 47.3%. Most employees were not satisfied with efforts to improve service. One form of human resource development can be done through the creation of a strategic plan. The Strategic Plan itself must be based on a SWOT analysis where systematic identification of various factors will be carried out to formulate a strategy by maximizing strengths, opportunities, and simultaneously minimizing weaknesses and threats. Yohana Yosevine Usmany, Ernawaty https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195118 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Identifying the Most Influential Variables in Breast Cancer Using Logistic Regression https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195119 <p>Breast cancer has become recently the most common cancer and a major cause of death among women all over the world and especially in developing countries like Iraq. This study aims to identify the most important features that affect in deciding the type of breast cancer whether benign or malignant.</p><p>A predictive model was developed using binary logistic regression which is expected to be helpful for oncologists in diagnosing the type of breast cancer data set have been downloaded from UCI ml repository that consists of 9attributes and 683valid instances.</p><p>At first, some preprocessing was done to cleanse the data, then two models were built using two different LR method to find out which one will give the most suitable model and highest classification rate. The first one was the full model with all predictive variables, while the other called reduced model with only 5 predictive variables. Each model was validated with a different data set than that used for developing the two models. Both validated and trained models were evaluated using different performance metrics like ROC curves, AUC, sensitivity and specificity. The analysis of the results showed that the reduced model is the best classifier since it gives the higher classification rate.</p> Yousra Abdulaziz Mohammed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195119 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Lived Body Principle Police of the Regional Traffic Management Center (RTMC) of the East Java Regional Police to Their Families https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195120 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong>Guilts is the first and foremost in the form of emotional outbursts. Guilts is not a very good motivator. It is more accurate to regard guilt as an internal condition and a negative feeling. Happiness is a feeling of satisfaction, that life is as it should be and all needs have fulfilled.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: It is to explore the meaning of feeling guilt and happiness experiences (Lived Body) police of the Regional Traffic Management Center (RTMC) to their families.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: The method are qualitative by using phenomenology interpretative approach and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The emerging themes based on relationship principle are two: feeling guilty to the family and feeling happy with family.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The findings obtained were that members of the police at RTMC could be free from stress while working and were able to return and get support from the family. Being able to live happily, both happy at work and happy with the family that will reflect in the calmness in their life.</p> Yunus Adi Wijaya, Tita Hariyanti, Tina Handayani Nasution https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195120 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Infertility Causing Factors & the Success Rate of in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in One of Fertility Center of Surabaya City, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195121 <p>The success rate of in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) with ICSI depends on married couples factors such as maternal age, causes of infertility from the married couples, embryo status, reproductive history, lifestyle, ethnicity, and type of medical examination of infertility. The success rate of IVF was different among countries, rating from 21.4% to 51.7% meaning that the couples succeeded having a child, while in Indonesia the rate was unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong>To analyze infertility causing factors in married couples who underwent IVF and the success rate of IVF in one fertility center in Surabaya, Indonesia. Method: This observational study was conducting during January to December 2017. All couples who visited the fertility center,the female ≤39 years old, and the couples finished medical examination in the study place were asked to participate this study. Their characteristics (female age and duration of marriage), type infertility causing factors as well as the success rate.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Among 154 married couples, 64.3% of the female and 44.8% of the male had one or more abnormality in their reproductive status, while 26.6% of both (the couples) had the abnormalities, and 17.5% of both (the couples) had no abnormality (unexplained infertility). The success rate of IVF, meaning the female got pregnancy, was 37.7%.There was no significant association between male factors, female factors, more over the number of abnormalities were not associate to success rate. When correspondents divided in to 2 groups, having one or more abnormalities group vs. no abnormalities group (unexplained abnormality), we found that the success rate did not differ significantly between the two groups; suggesting additional examination were needed to predict the other factors for increasing the success rate in this study place.</p> Yuriske Agnovianto, Linda Dewanti, Sri Ratna Dwiningsih https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195121 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Prevalence of Entamoeba Gingivalis and Trichomonas Tenax in Children Treated with Orthodontic Appliances in AL Muthanna Province, Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195122 . Zahraa Abd Alhammza Abbass, Shayma Abdullah Hanoon, Taisir Abdulelah Kadhim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195122 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Are Former Athletes Protected Against Obesity after Retirement? https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195123 The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in retired athletes in Saudi Arabia. Seventy former athletes, aged from 20-60 years old, who had played in international and national competitions – and had since stopped competitive sport – were recruited for this study. Sports history, age, height, and weight were collected using an online questionnaire. The study results showed that 47.14% of the participants are overweight and 22.86% are obese. The results of this study indicated that many former athletes had high BMI after ceasing participation in competitive sport. Also, the results indicated that there is a significant difference between BMI before and after retirement. Zayed M. Altowerqi, Zainal Abidin Bin Zainuddin, Asha Hasnimy Binti Mohd Hashim, Amjaad Omar Almarwaey https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195123 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Safety Profile of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in Chidren and Adolescents in Bali Province: An Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195124 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Indonesian Expanded Program of Immunization has implemented Japanese Emcephalitis vaccination in endemic area in Indonesia such as Bali Province, was initiated by catch up campaign program in children 9 months to 15 years of age.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong>The objectives of this study are to assess the immediate serious systemic reactions within 30 minutes after immunization and also local reactions, systemic events and any serious adverse event, until 28 days following immunization.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: An observational study was conducted in 1000 subjects. Local reactions and systemic events within 28 days following immunization, were recorded into daily cards and will be confirmed by trained primary health center staffs.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: Totally, 1000 children and adolescents completed the study and can be analyzed. The most common local reaction was pain, occured in 21.1% subjects and mild swelling in 14.1% subjects within 30 minutes after vaccination. Redness occurred more frequent in 15.8% subjects at 24 hours following immunization. Fever, occured only in 0.8%, no serious adverse event reported during the observation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This JE live vaccine was safe and well tolerated in children and adolescents.</p> Irawan Mangunatmadja, IMGDwi Lingga Utama, Julitasari Sundoro, Novilia S. Bachtiar, Rini M. Sari, Hindra I. Satari, Sri R. Hadinegoro https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195124 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Heavy Metals Concentration and Biochemical Parameters in the Blood and Nails of Industrial Workers https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195125 This study amied to measure the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and certain biochemical variables in blood and nails of (50) samples(male and female) of workers (who were in risk of exposition to these heavy metals) from Northern Gas Company in Kirkuk city/Iraq. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used for measuring these elements. The results showed significant differences (P &lt;0.01) in the concentration of lead and cadmium in the studied samples (whole blood and nails) of workers compared to the control group. The concentration of lead and cadmium were higher in blood and Nails.As of the biochemical variables, significant differences (P &lt;0.05) showed in the concentration of antioxidant enzyme (SOD) in serum. As of oxidative stress (MDA), results showed significant differences (P &lt;0.05) in serum, the highest value of (MDA) was recordedin serum samples. Kameran Sh. Husien, Mohsin O. Mohammed, Tamara N. Ahmed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195125 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Dominant Factor Analysis of Medical Equipment and Device Affect Against Customers’ Repeat Purchase Decision https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195126 This study is an attempt to identify what factors will affect customer to buy or do a repeat order of health equipment from them. Factors that define customer satisfaction are price, distribution channel, product quality, and service quality that will affect repeat purchase decision. Data were collected using observation and questionnaire method. A questionnaire sampling method was applied to 100 respondents. Data that has been collected was tested and processed with multiple regression analysis and sobel test method. This study has found that price and service quality affect customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction affect repurchase decision. Albern Liyanto, Christopher Alexander Wijaya, Karina Leonita https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195126 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Multimodal Hyperspectroscopy for Detection of Cervical Neoplasia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195127 <p><strong>Objective:</strong>To provide a prospective evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of MHS as a new test for detection of high grade cervical dysplasia.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>:203 women previously screened with liquid based cytology were evaluated with multimodal hyperspectroscopy (MHS), colposcopy and biopsy samples taken for histopathology.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Sensitivity of MHS cervical scan for high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ was 86.6% and Specificity was 57.9%</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: MHS cervical scan is a noninvasive modality for detection of high grade cervical neoplasia with good efficacy.</p> Mamdouh Tawfeek, Mohammed Tawfeek, Ahmed Sanad, Mahmoud Hussney, Suad Attallah https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195127 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 MR Diffusion and MR Perfusion in Characterization of Ovarian Tumors; the Problem and the Solution https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195128 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To test and compare the sensitivity and accuracy of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and MR perfusion in women having ovarian tumors.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong>Fifty women with ovarian masses were collected after meeting the inclusion criteria depending on gray scale sonographic findings which suggested the presence of ovarian masses. Conventional MRI, Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and MR perfusion (MRP) were done for all patient cohort after the approval of ethical committee of our institution. The sensitivity and accuracy of the techniques were compared.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The surgical and pathological reports of our patients proved non tumorous lesion in three patients. They proved benign ovarian tumors in 18/47 (38.3%) patients, borderline tumors in 4/47 (8.5%) patients and malignant ovarian tumors in 25/47 (53.2%) patients. According to conventional MRI ovarian tumors could be diagnosed with sensitivity 92%, specificity 61.11%, PPV 76.7%, NPV 84.6% and accuracy 79.1%. DWI and MR perfusion showed the same results where they showed sensitivity 98%, specificity 83%, PPV 90%, NPV 98% and accuracy 93% with ADC cut off value 1x10-3mm2 /sec.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Diffusion weighted imaging and MR perfusion are useful in diagnosis of ovarian tumors with approximately the same sensitivity and positive impact on the operative management.</p> Nadia F. El Ameen, Mohamed G. Eissawy, Laila Adel M.S. Mohsen, Omnia Mokhtar Nada, Gerges M. Beshreda https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195128 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Diagnostic Accuracy of Different Echocardiographic Predictors of Subtle Myocardial Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195129 Introduction: Duchennemuscular dystrophy (DMD) is an uncommon X-linked disease affecting in average 1 in 3600 live male births. Cardiac disease is the major cause of mortality in affected patients. Several Echocardiographic parameters are available for evaluation of systolic and diastolic function among Duchenne patients. The aim of this paper is to determine which of those parameters has the highest accuracy in detection subtle myocardial affection in asymptomatic Duchenne patients. Method:28 asymptomatic Duchenne patients as well as 28 age and sex matched healthy controls have been screened with Echocardiography including Motion mode, conventional and Tissue Doppler, 2 Dimensional (2D) and 3 Dimensional (3D) speckle tracking Echocardiography. Results: Conventional Echocardiographic parameters failed to differentiate cases from controls while Tissue Doppler derived parameter such as the ratio between Transmitral flow velocity in early diastole and Left Ventricular averaged basal septal and lateral tissue velocity (LV E/E’) as well as global longitudinal (GLS) and Global Circumferential strain (GCS) (2D and 3D) proved to be useful in differentiation between them. 3D derived ejection fraction also showed statistically significant difference between cases and controls (54.2±4.5 vs. 70.2±6.1, P Value&lt;0.001) respectively, 3D derived parameters showed the highest sensitivities and specificities among relevant parameters (100%) for detection of subtle myocardial affection in Duchenne patients. Conclusion: This paper concludes that 3 D derived EF, GCS and GLS can be reliably used in detection of subtle myocardial affection in Duchenne patients. Omnia Raafat, Reem Ibrahim Ismail, Hanan Zekri, Antoine Abdelmassih, Noha Ali, Erini Farid, Shaimaa Atef, Habiba-Allah Ismail https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195129 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Association of Glutathion Peroxydase-1 Serum and Sensorineural Hearing Lossin MDR TB Patients with Kanamycin Therapy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195130 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Kanamycin therapy in Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients increases the possibility of sensorineural hearing loss through increasing the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in cochlea, particularly in hair cells. In normal state, ROS is detoxicated by numerous antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroksidase-1 (GPx-1). Imbalance of antioxidant enzymes and ROS production leads to death of hair cells and eventually sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: This study aimed to observe the association of GPx-1 level and sensorineural hearing loss in MDR-TB patients with Kanamycin therapy.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This study was a prospective observational study conducted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, between February to April 2017. 17 patients were included into the study with pre- and post-kanamycin therapy examination within 3 weeks duration using pure tone audiometry and serum level of GPx-1. Statistic analysis was done using Mann Whitney test with significant level of p &lt; 0.05.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: A significant reduction of GPx-1 level in 3 weeks period after the initial Kanamycin administration was found in the study; p &lt;0.001. Furthermore, there was a significant alteration in the hearing threshold on frequency of 500-800 Hz after Kanamycin administration; p &lt; 0.05. There was a significant association between GPx-1 level and sensorineural hearing loss in Kanamycin therapy; p &lt; 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Sensorineural hearing loss in patient with history of Kanamycin therapy was associated with level of GPx-1 degradation.</p> Ratna Anggraeni, Arif Dermawan, F. Febri Wisudawan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195130 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women in Karbala Governorate–Iraq 2019 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195131 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Osteoporosis is a major public health problem because it leads to weakness of skeleton, increase risk of fractures particularly of the spine and hip, increases morbidity and mortality which are a huge burden on the health system.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>:</p><p>1. To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal women by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.</p><p>2. To explore the association between bone density at lumber spine and investigated risk factors for osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>A cross sectional study was carried out from February till the end of June 2019. A purposive sample of (350) women who were referred to DEXA unit in Al-Imam Hussain Medical City in Karbala Province/ Iraq. Data were gathered by direct interview with the patients using a special questionnaire prepared for the purpose of the study.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>The overall prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was (48.9% and 27.7%) respectively. The factors such as age, residence, educational level, BMI, history of diabetes, physical activity, sun exposure, age at menarche, duration of menopause, parity and duration of breast feeding showed significant association with bone density. Occupational status, history of hypertension, smoking, menopausal age, personal and family history of minimal trauma fracture showing no significant association with bone density.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The prevalence of osteoporosis in this study was high. Appropriate educational programs and interventions could help to increase the women’s peak bone mass therefore reducing their risk of developing osteoporosis.</p> Ruaa Mahmood AL-Rukabi, Shahrazad Shamki AL Jobori, Asaad Abdulmahdi Al Abayechi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195131 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Identification of Some Dermatophytes Isolated by PCR Technique in Misan Province/Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195132 Dermatophytes are a complex group of fungi, which include three genera <em>Trichophyton, Epidermophyton</em> and <em>Microsporum</em>. These fungi have the ability to degrade the keratin layer resulting in dermatophytosis, also known as Tinea or Ringworm. Because conventional method used to diagnose dermatophytes are slow and unspecialized, there is a need to use improved diagnostic method. Specialized primers were used OPAA11, OPD18, OPAA17 and OPU15 and the DNA sequence of the nuclear ribosome regions ITS1 and ITS4 were used. DNA was extracted for 14 isolates from dermatophytes (were isolated from patients in Misan province/southern Iraq Misan province/southern Iraq)and amplified by PCR for identify at species level by sequencing from the ribosomes using the MEGA program of mapping of the studied fungi to know the evolutionary relationships where the results of the genetic tree showed the existence of complex relationships between dermatophytes. The aim of this study was to identify different types of skin fungi as quickly and accurately as possible. Muhanad M. Mohammed, Ali A. Kasim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195132 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Studying the Influence of Nano ZnO and Nano ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> Additives on Properties of PMMA Denture Base https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195133 The aim of this study was to prepare materials that use to manufacture a denture by using a composite material, also studying their properties. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin is widely utilized in dental applications. Two types of additives (Nano zinc oxide and Nano zirconium oxide) with different weight percentages (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) were added to PMMA resin to improve its properties. The mixture was chosen experimentally to obtain the optimum properties also to avoid cracks formation. The ratio of PMMA and dichloromethane were (20% wt) and (80% wt) respectively for pure specimens. The result showed that there was an increasing in thermal conductivity, completion strength and a decreasing in roughness. Suroor Abd Alwahab, Jaafar M. Moosa, Sadeer Muafaq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195133 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effectiveness of Special Exercises with the Black Bean in Improving the Lactic Endurance and the Digital Achievement of Runners 800 m Youth https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195134 The aim of this study was to prepare exercises using the black bean and in the form of doses based on studied scientific basis. The sample of the research was for Karbala players in 800 m activity for the youth group of 7 players. The experimental method was used for one group by tribal and remote testing. The black bean was given in capsules the results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of the black pill dose and the sports training, which was demonstrated by the emergence of significant differences in the post-test in running 800 meters for the benefit of Dimensional test. Mahdi Lafta Rahi, Haider Abdul-Hassan Sajit, Hussein Manati Sajit https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195134 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Urinary Tract Infection in Spontaneous Urticaria among Thi-Qar Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195135 Urticaria is a common worldwide disease characterized by local transient skin or mucosal edema (wheal), deeper tissues involvement (angioedema), or both. It is classified into acute (initially) and chronic (after 6 weeks’ duration); and into spontaneous (symptoms occur spontaneously) or inducible (in response to specific stimuli). Occasionally, infections are blamed as an underlying cause; of them are urinary tract infections (UTIs). An equal number (465) of urticaria patients and their age-sex matched controls were evaluated for presence of UTIs in a case-control observational study. Pyuria was found in (19.8%) of urticaria patients and (7.7%) of controls; while urine culture was positive in (8.2%) of urticaria patients and (2.4%) of controls. Association of urticaria with both pyuria and positive culture results were highly significant (p value &lt; 0.001). Kadhim Ahmed Kadhim, Hadaf A. Al Junaiyeh, Alaa Naif, Yahya Ali https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195135 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Antimicrobial Peptides AMPs Produced by Bacillus spp. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195136 Bacillus species are one of the most interesting Gram-positive bacteria, forming endospore which are usually capable to produce variety of secondary metabolite compound such as antibiotic, enzymes which playing important roles In pharmaceutical industry, subtilin, bacilysin, gramicidin, tyrocidine, bacitracine, polymyxin, etc. The Bacillus species have a wide range of antimicrobial activisms since they are used as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimycoplasma and anti ameobocytic agents .The production of this active compounds involve orangutans peptides, that divieded into two class firest class ribosomally generated and post-translationally altered which include (lantibiotics and lantibiotic-like peptides),second class non-ribosomally procreated, besides a various number of non-peptidicsubestansis like polyketides, an amino - sugar, and a phospholipid. In this review abridge the structures of antimicrobial peptide produced from <em>Bacillus</em>,the genetics encoded and analysis their generative and the current finding of antimicrobial activity for each peptide. Amel H. Mussa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195136 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Infliximab and Methotrexate on Bone Mineral Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195137 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Osteoporosis is an extra-articular complication of rheuma toid arthritis that results in increased risk of fractures and associated mor bidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The study aims at evaluation of changes in bone mineral density in a Rheumatoid arthritis patients on inflixmab and methotrexate.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong>A cross sectional study enrolled 60 RA patients diagnosed according to the ACR 1987/2010 revised criteria for the classification of RA. Thirty patient were on infliximab and other (30 patient) on methotrexate. Dermatographic and clinical data were collected (disease duration, disease activity score index of 28 joints (DAS 28) and (CDI), functional class, body mass index and treatment history. Patients with histories of chronic disease and smokers were excluded. Complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatate, vitamin D level were measured in both groups. Bone mineral density was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of hip and lumber spines for patients. Tor Z–score equal or less than (-2.5 standard deviation) of healthy young adults was taken as osteoporotic, and scores between (-1 to -2.5 standard deviation) was taken as osteopenic. Informed consent was obtained from individuals.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>The analysis of Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of hips and lumber spines revealed that the number of RA patients on Inflixmab having osteoporosis was 1 (3%) and 12 (40%) were osteopenic, compared to patients on MTX osteoporosis was present in 8 (26%) and osteopenia in 13 (43%), which is a significant difference, p-value (0.019). Vitamin D level in patient on Inflixmab was low in 24 (80%) and normal in 6 (20%) patients. While in MTX it was low in 13 (43.3%) and normal in 17 (56.7%) of patients, p-value (0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: There was significant decrease in bone mineral density in RA patients on MTX while inflixmab had a role in arrest in bone loss.</p> Israa Mohammed Redia, Mayyadah Jebur Abed Al-Zubaidi, Mohammed H. Al Osami https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195137 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effects of Infliximab on Rheumatoid Factor & Anti-cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195138 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are two important investigations that help in confirming the diagnosis and may help deciding strategies for the treatment. This study’s aim is to investigate the effect of infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor on ACPA and RF in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong>Thirty five Iraqi patients with established RA, enrolled in this study during September 2013-May 2014. They received 3 mg/kg infliximab intravenously at weeks 0, 2, 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter in combination with methotrexate (15-20) mg. At baseline, week 24, CRP and ESR were determined and the disease activity score (DAS28) was calculated. Serum samples collected at the same time points were used to measure ACPA, and IgM-RF (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>RF mean at the first visit was (106.1±25.2) IU/ml and at the second visit it reduced to (60.1±14.6) IU/ml and the difference was statistically significant, (P=0.038). ACPA mean was (466.5±61.4) U/ml at the first visit reduced significantly to reach (241.9±36.6) U/ml at the second visit (P&lt;0.001). A dramatic and significant change had been found in the disease activity; (P&lt;0.001) mean DAS 28 was (5.7±1.1) at the first visit with a range of (2.7– 8.6), at the second visit the mean was (4.5±1) and the range was (2.04–6.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>Anti-TNF a treatment in RA cause decrease in serum titers of RF and ACPA in patients with clinical improvement.</p> Mayyadah Jebur Abed AL-Zubaidi, Israa Mohammed Redia, Sami Salman https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195138 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study the Influence of Aqueous and Organic Extracts of Conocarpuserectus on the Growth of Some Pathogenic Bacteria https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195139 The aim of this study was to detect the effect of active compound in fruit, leave and stem ofConocarpus(which extracted by cold and hot water, and by methanol and ethanol alcohol) on the growth of <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, E.coli, Klebsiellapneumonia, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonellatyphi</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Also, this study aimed to determine the MIC value of methanol and hot aqueous extracts.The present study detected the methanol extract was the higher effect on bacterial growth and the inhibition zone diameter was 19mm, while the hot aqueous extract, ethanol extract and cold extract were 15, 12 and 7.8 mm respectively.The present study detected the least value of MIC for methanol and hot aqueous extracts were 6.25 mg/ml against <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Streptococcus aglatial</em>. Nibras Y. Abdulla, Baydaa A. Hassan, Suzan Nazar Rasool https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195139 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Aqueous Extract and Essential Oil of Origanummajorana and their Activity on Some Physiological Parameters of Blood in the Male of White Rats https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195140 <p>The aim of this study was to detect the influence (aqueous extract and essential oil) of <em>Origanummajorana</em> on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonellatyphi, Enterobacter, Acinetobacterbaumanniiand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, this study aimed to detection the influence of essential oil of <em>Origanummajorana</em>(which gave a higher influence on bacterial growth) on biofilm information. Also this study aimed to detection the influence of essential oil of <em>Origanummajorana</em> on some physiological parameters of blood in a male of white rats.</p><p>This study showed the essential oil <em>Origanummajorana</em> was a higher effect than aqueous extract. This study showed the ability of bacteria to formation of biofilm and biofilm inhibitors by essential oil of <em>Origanummajorana</em>. The results of the antibiotic sensitivity test showed some of the bacteria isolates were highly resistant to the antibiotic; therefore,it is considered multidrug-resistance (MDR). The results of the effect essential oil of <em>Origanummajorana</em> in vivo showed variation in values in some physiological parameters of blood in the male of rats</p> Nibras Y. Abdulla, Baydaa A. Hassan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195140 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Psychological Stress among Woman’s and it’s Health Seeking Behavior towards Breast Examination at Early Detection Centers for Breast Cancer in Hilla Teaching Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195141 <p><strong>Background</strong>:Psychological stress as any stimulus, such as fear or pain, which interferes with the natural physiological balance of man, we all experience stress and stress in our daily lives for various reasons, whether due to family life or financial pressures or personal relationships. The study aims to identify the psychological stress among women’s and its health seeking behaviors who attending to Early Detection Centers for Breast Cancer. As well as, investigate the relationship between women’s their psychological stress and their health seeking behavior.</p><p><strong>Methodology</strong>:A descriptive study is conducted by a non probability “convenience” sample of (100) woman’s who vesting the early detection centers for breast cancer in Hilla City. The questionnaire which are included (40) items. These items are divided into (2) sections which include psychological stress domains which is composed of (23) items; and health seeking behaviors domains which is composed of (17) items. Data are collected through the use of an interview technique by the questionnaire as means for data collection. Data are analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical data analysis approach that includes, frequencies, percentages, mean of scores, standard deviation; and inferential statistical data analysis approach includes, Chi-squared test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>The study results indicate that majority of (65%) of woman’s were suffers partial psychological stress, and (54%) of them were never seek health behaviors towards breast examination for detection breast cancer. As well as, there was insignificant association between woman’s their psychological stress towards early detection of breast cancer and their health seeking behaviors at p-value &gt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Overall woman’s with partial psychological stress are never seeks of health and their psychological stress has been not affected their health seeking. Health directorate decision makers need to be employed based on a quality guidelines in order to improve the early detection center for breast cancer. Also, further studies could be undertaken to involve the national level of evaluation woman’s knowledge regarding early detection of breast cancer and their health seeking behaviors.</p> Ghfran Qasim Raheem, Abdulmahdi A. Hasan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195141 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Bacterial Infections on the Immune States in Eczematic Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195142 <p><strong>Background</strong>:Eczema is one of most important global diseases that affects both genders at all age groups, the relationship between bacteria and allergy in Eczematic patients is still as a great need of studies to show more of the microbial role in eczema. Objective:This study has been investigating the main commonbacterial secondary infections associated with Eczema lesionand estimation the serum levels of immunoglobulin types and cytokines in both patients and control groups.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong> Swabs samples were taken from infected eczema lesions in patients consulting in Dermatology Consultation Unit in Medical Marjan City in Al-Hilla Province. Microbiology investigation for swabs were done with antibiotic sensitivity test. Blood was collected for measuring the concentrations of serum IgG, IgA, IgM by single radial immunodiffusion assay, IgE, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured using ELISA kits.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>The noted profile of bacteria associated with cases of pyogenic eczema were Staphylococcus aureus (81.08%), Streptococcus pyogenes (5.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.1%). Several skin areas were affected, such as Hands (35.13%), Thighs (18.9%) and Feet (18.9%). The relation between pyogenic Eczema lesions and Occupation, Season and Geography were studied.At the immunological level, we found a significant increased (p≤0.05) in the concentrations of IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE compared with control groups with a significantly increased (p≤0.05) in the concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, Il-4, and IL-10) that stimulated the Th2 antibody production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>We concluded that the bacterial infections played an important role in systemic humoral and cellular immunity in eczematic patients.</p> Abeer Fauzi Al–Rubaye, Samah Ahmed Kadhum, Worood Alwan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195142 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Poultry Resources Multidrug Resistance Bacteria to Human https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195143 <p>Chicken was found to be the most reservoirs of resistant <em>Escherichia</em>. <em>coli</em> bacteria. Moreover, the high dependence of antibiotics in animal farming is considered the most important factor of the selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Therefore, the current paper aims to search antimicrobial resistance in isolated <em>E. coli</em> from chicken feces. The antibiotic disc diffusion technique was used in order to conclude the response of isolated <em>E.coli</em> against to antibiotics in sixty isolates collected from chicken’s feces.</p><p>The isolates <em>E.coli</em> were more frequently resistant to Nalidixic acid, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole, Neomycin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole respectively. While, Ceftriaxine was recorded lesser resistant in isolated <em>E. coli</em> from chicken feces. Both Amoxicillin and Gentamycin have been examined and happen to be similar result of both resistant and sensitivity test.</p><p>From this work, we concluded that isolated<em> E. coli</em> from locally chicken’s intestines are generally resistant to multiple antibiotics thus, should watchful to the public health and veterinary authorities to limit and decrease antimicrobial.</p> Fouad Hussein Kamel, Sara Ibrahim Othman https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195143 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Returnee’s Suicide Epidemiology among Internally Displaced Secondary School Students in Tikrit-Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195144 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong>One of the severe public health problems among adolescents and adults is suicide and suicidal behaviors. Suicide represent the 3 rd leading cause death among adolescents and young adults between the ages of 10-24, accounting for 12% of all reported adolescents deaths in this age. Depression and suicide in a adolescents are not studied well, in spite of its prevalence in Iraqi community. This research aims at studying Returnee’s Suicide Epidemiology Among Secondary School Students after Internal displacement in Tikrit-Iraq.</p><p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong>A cross sectional, descriptive study with analytic component was carried out on secondary schools students in Tikrit district. Questionnaire were presented to all students in the schools that day, in the classroom, depending on the help and cooperation of the school ’ s administration and teachers during spare time. A screening tool used was the Columbia Depression Scale (CDS), a paper-and-pencil yes/no questionnaire. The DISC can be presented to the adolescents and youths (Ages 11 and over). It consists of a 22 items that are rated as Yes and No scored as (1) &amp; (0) respectively. The total score is calculated as together the score of each of the 22 items. If the result of calculation is 0-6, 7-11, 12-15, 16 and above that mean the chance of depression was very unlikely, moderately likely, likely and highly likely respectively (Appendix -2-A, B)<sup>(60)</sup> . Group (I) include unlikely and moderately likely considered as low risk for depression and Group (II) include likely and highly likely which considered as high risk for depression. A total of 269 students of returnees after internal displacement were selected randomly from secondary school students.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>High depression scores found in 26 (9.7%) while moderate scores found in 64 (23.8%) of Non IDPs of the study sample, which means that 33.5% of students were liable to have depression. High depression scores found in 6 (13.6%) of male Non IDPS students in comparison to 20 (8.9%) of females, while moderate scores found in 4 (9.1%) of males Non IDPs in comparison to 60 (26.7%) of females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>This study results found that 33.5% of students were more likely to have depression. Females more affected by depression and suicide.</p> Zeena N. Abdulrahman, Ahmed Mahmood Younus, Islam A. R. Zardawy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195144 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Clinic-Pathological Characteristics of Breast Cancer among Iraqi Women https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195145 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Breast cancer is the commonest cancer globally and is the 1st cancer in Iraq among females. Its sequelae and prognosis depend on early diagnosis, this study aimed to identify the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>Retrospective descriptive study, on 102 breast cancer women, attending the women health center in Al-Elwyiaa Maternity Teaching Hospital department in 2018.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was found among 82 (80.4%) of malignant cases, ILC was 14 (13.7%),most of cases diagnosed at stage II 54 (52.9%), followed by stage III 27 (26.5%), and most of lesions detected by the patient 51 (50%). Peak age was 45-54 year 39 (38.2%), followed by 55-64 years in 24 (23.5%), and 10 (9.8%) of breast cancer cases found among of patients aged 25-34 year. Most of the lesions were on the right breast 54(52.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Iraqi women still diagnosed at late stage, and when become symptomatic, this will affect the management, outcome and 5 year survival rate.</p> Sarab K. Abedalrahman, Ali S. Al-Hashimi, Najim Abid Issa Al-Khalidy, Jawad K. Al-Diwan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195145 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Quality of Life among Adolescents Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195146 <p><strong>Objective(s)</strong>:The study aims to assess the quality of life for adolescent patients with irritable bowel syndrome in the city of Baghdad and determine the relationship between adolescents` quality of life level and their demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong>A descriptive study,using the assessment approach was conducted on a purposive “non-probability” sample of (100) patients from both gender aged (12-18) years, attending liver and digestive system diseases teaching hospital in Baghdad city. The instrument of the study was adapted from the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire(1998) to achieve the purpose of the study, in addition to the participants’ demographic characteristics and the some related medical data. The data were collected through direct interview,during the period of the 1<sup>st</sup> of July to the 16<sup>th</sup> of August 2018. SPSS program was used in data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>The findings of the study indicated that adolescents` social domain was affected, the finding also showed significant relationships among adolescents` age, gender, marital status, employment status and their quality of life. Conclusion:Irritable bowel syndrome IBS affected on adolescents quality of life negatively, especially social, psychological, and environmental domains..</p><p><strong>Recommendations:</strong>The study recommended the need to avoid disease risk factors and additional studies are required to interpret the results of the difference in the quality of life of adolescent patients with irritable bowel syndrome.</p> Zaid W. Ajil, Adraa H. Shawq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195146 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 An Estimation for the Association between the C–RP Tests and RF Tests of Rheumatoid Condition Patients with their Demographic Data. In Maysan Province, Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195147 The present study aims to achieve the following objectives to assessment rheumatic arthritis patients in Maysan Governorate, an influence of the gender and age on the rheumatic arthritis and an effectiveness of the geographical areas (urban,rural) on the incidence of rheumatic. The data were collected between the (January to August 2016)Al-Sadder Teaching hospital in Maysan province and the total number of serum samples were (314).The study’s data were analyzed through the use of Statistical processing, with program SPSS 20.0, Sigma Stat 2.03, Sigma Plot 2000, Med Calc and Excel 2010 and the blood samples were collected from patients aged (13–61years) (for both genders) and also from different areas in Maysan governorate, all blood samples were collected from people suspected having arthritis due to they had symptoms of diseases with pain,the rheumatic factor and C–reactive protein (CRP)were evaluated by latex agglutination test. The data analysis revealed that the majority of the patients about 27.4% in the study samples at age group (31-40 year. The chi-squared distribution is applied in hypothesis testing and to a minimum range for confidence intervals for population difference when the underlying distribution is normal. Mustafa Adnan Al-Norri, Rashid Rahaim Hateet, Mohammed Jasim Qasim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195147 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Value of Surfactant Therapy in Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195148 The currents study was planned and conducted to evaluate the use of surfactant therapy in preterm neonates with respiratory distress in Al-Diwaniyah Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital. The present cohort study included 186 preterm neonates who were randomly selected from the pool of neonates admitted to Al- Diwaniyah Maternity and children teaching hospital, Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq. There was no significant association between frequency of other complications and treatment method whether prophylactic, early rescue and late rescue (P&gt; 0.05). Morality was significantly higher in prophylactic method in comparison to early rescue method (P = 0.002); and also it was higher than that seen in association with late rescue method with a borderline significant level (P = 0.073). Mortality was also significantly associated with less gestational age (P&lt; 0.001). The rate of complications was significantly less in continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) ventilation method in comparison with mask method (P = 0.006). Sepsis and BPD were significantly less frequent in CPAP method (P&lt; 0.05); whereas, nasal trauma, and air leaks were significantly less in mask method (P&lt; 0.05). Moayed Mahdi Hussain https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195148 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Role of Faith Healer Visits in the Management and Prognosis of Mental Illness in Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195149 <strong>Background:</strong> Mental illnesses denote to disorders generally characterized by abnormalities of mood, thought, and/or behavior. Different attitudes toward mentally ill individuals were found among families, ethnicities and countries, the cultural and religious beliefs often affect the opinions about the nature and the origin of mental illness and even influence the attitude toward those who have mental illness.<strong> Objectives:</strong> To investigate and document the rate of mentally ill patients who are visiting the faith healers and the effect of that visit on the management of their condition. <strong>Method:</strong> This is a cross sectional study was done in Merjan Teaching Hospital during the period from November 2017 till February 2018 . The sample composed of 187 mentally ill patients (80 males and 107 females). A semi-structured questionnaire was used for information into socio-demographic data and questions about the visit to faith healers (time of the visit, the effect of the visit on the management, source of referral to the faith healer and if the money given or not). Diagnosis of mental illness was made according to DSM-V. <strong>Results:</strong> 57.2% of the patients in the present study were females, 61% of the patients were married. 41.2% of our sample completed secondary school and 52.9% of them were unemployed. (74.3%) of patients had history of visit to faith healer. 25.1%, 22.5% and 19.4% were diagnosed as schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, anxiety disorders and depressive disorders respectively. The visit to the faith healers was adversely affecting the compliance of mentally ill patients to their medications in about 76.3% of our sample. There was no significant association between history of visit to faith healers and type of psychiatric disease. Waleed Azeez Mahdi Al Ameedee, Maythem Muhsin Alyasiry https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195149 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Nurse’s of Knowledge toward Newborn Injuries in the Delivery Rooms at AL-Amara City Hospitals https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195150 Childbirth wounds are damage to a child before, during or shortly after birth. Childbirth injuries, also known as birth trauma, are known in various forms of severity, but most are mild and these minor injuries become common over time at birth. They are more serious injuries that cause permanent damage. It damages many parts of the body, such as brain damage, nerve damage, bone and muscle damage and, in the worst case, death. Objectives: (i) Assessment knowledge of nurse about Birth injuries. (ii) To identify the relationship between demographic data and knowledge. A survey was conducted in 80 convenient samples with a pre-validated questionnaire . the total period of study are five month 2018/11/20 and ended 2019/6/23 populations of study were the staff in the delivery rooms at AL- Amara city hospitals. The knowledge level is mean in staff nurses who has experience from (5-10) and show the age (20-24) years and have nursing secondary graduate level of education have high level of knowledge and take (1-5) training courses have higher level of knowledge .On comparing these. There is mean nurses knowledge, The study found that there is a relationship between nurses’ knowledge and demographic information (training courses). Mustafa Salim Abdul Alridh, Ghazwan Abdulhussein Al-Abedi, Aqeel Azeez Arrar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195150 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Measurement Serum Level of Interleukin-34 in Patients with SLE and Healthy Control https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195151 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal function of T-cells and B-cells involving production of autoantibodies and different type of interleukins including complement activation and multiple tissue damage accompanied with different clinical manifestation, all of this happened along with break tolerance. Many researches revealed a key role of interleukins and other biological molecules in SLE patients. Interleukin 34 responsible for increasing differentiation and surviving of autoimmune cells in SLE. <strong>Objective:</strong> This study was aimed to estimate the concentration of IL-34 SLEpatients in compare with healthy people. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> This is a case-control study accomplished in the Advisory Clinic for Rheumatic Diseases Center in Al-Najaf city, for the period from December 2018 to August 2019. A total of 60 individuals were included in this study, 30 were diagnosed with SLEby specialist rheumatogy physician, and 30 were healthy controls. Blood sample were collected by venipuncture from 30 patients and 30 healthy controls under sterilized technique and putting in gel tube which then used in sandwich ELISA technique to detect serum level of IL-34. All data that include age, gender, residence and history of autoimmune diseases were collected from all participants. The data were analyzed by using the statistical package social system (SPSS). <strong>Results:</strong> This study show that level of IL-34were significantly higher in SLE patients (49.58±64.03) than in control (0.4±1.25). It is also found that the prevalence of SLE was higher in female in comparewith male26 (86.7%) to 4 (13.3%) respectively. It also found that SLEwas more frequent in age interval from (31-50) years old. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Elevation of Il-34 concentration may play important role in pathogenesis of SLE, SLE most commonly affectfemales age groups (31-50 years old).</p> Mohanad K. Mardan, Alaa S. Alattabi, Ali M. Al-kazaz https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195151 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Detection of Fungi Associated with Some Spices in Local Market in Hilla City (Babylon) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195152 The Present Study Included The Isolation And Diagnosis Of Contaminated Fungi Of Some Spices Sold In The Local Markets In Hilla City In Babylon Governorate (iraq) And Includes, Black Pepper, White Pepper, Turmeric, Mixed Spices For Meet, Pizza Spices, Beef Shawarma, Pickled Spices, Rosemary Ground And Others. Results Were Recorded 346 Fungus Isolates Belonging To 9 Different Fungal Group. The Most Predominant Fungal Genera Encountered Were <em>Aspergillus Spp</em> (40.17%), <em>Penicillium Spp</em> (25.14%), <em>Cladosporium Spp</em> (8.67%) <em>Alternaria Spp</em>, And <em>Fusarium Spp</em>. Yeasts Were Also Frequently Recovered, But Not Identified. All Fungi Were Isolated On P.d.a. The Study Focus On <em>Aspergillus Spp</em> Diagnosis By Using Molecular Method To Diagnosted It By Using Sequence’stechniques .the Highest Appearance Of <em>Aspergillus Flavus </em>(41.7%)was Recorded Fallowed By <em>Aspergillus Niger</em>(25.9%), <em>Aspergillus Parasiticus</em> (12.9%). Nawras Abid Al-abas, Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye, Hawraa Wahab Aziz https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195152 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Staff’s Knowledge and Practices in Environmental Foundation Regarding Prevention from Mobile and Tower Health Risks in Erbil City, Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195153 Mobile phones,at the present time,are an essential part of contemporary communications in every single life. In a lot of countries, above half of the population uses mobile phones and the mobile phone market are rising speedily. Thus, mobile phones, towers and their risks are almost everywhere. This study originally designed to identify the knowledge and practices of 100 staff members in the environmental foundation in Erbil city in Iraq. Accordingly, the standard use of mobile, towers and health risks to identify an association between variables and their knowledge or practices took into consideration. This study was descriptive design began in 01-07-2018 to 01-07-2019. The utilized questionnaire, for data collection, contained three parts. It was viewed by a panel of experts in the nursing field for validity. The outcomes of this study specified that the majority of individuals have not satisfactory knowledge and practices about standard use of mobile phones, towers and health risks. There was a significant association between age, level of education, years of employment and their practical knowledge. Finally, this study recommended preparing a program for training to increase their knowledge, practices, and continue to conducting research regarding mobile phones and other communication facilities. Kareem Fattah Aziz https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195153 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Mycobiota and Enteric Viruses among Infants with Acute Diarrhea in Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195154 Diarrhea is a disease responsible mortality and morbidity of children under five years of age .The present study revealed that from total of 104 collected stool samples taken from infants with acute diarrhea 55 case of diarrhea recorded in male infants and 49 in female. The finding of our study detected 29 infection with enteric viruses and 75 with non-viral agents. The study recorded 24 infant stool samples were infected with Rotavirus, 5 with Adinovirus and 29 samples with different Mycobiota (fungal community species): Candida albicans (24), C.tropicalis (1), C.krusei (1), Saccharomyces cereviciae (1), Aspergillus niger (1), Cladosporium cladosporoides (1) and Fusarium verticillioides (1). Residents of rural community recorded higher rate of viral infection (54) compared with urban residents (15). Control Group revealed 18 infection with Mycobiota only. This study confirmed the interaction of Rotavirus and Mycobiota in the same samples. Hussein Alnasrawi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195154 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Epidimilogical Study of Taxoplasmosis among Pregnant and non Pregnant in Baghdad City and its Relationship with Blood Groups https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195155 This study was conducted during the period from March 2018 to March 2019, and included using of direct hemagglutination method to determine the rate of infection with Toxoplasma gondiiamong women in Baghdad city. Detection of taxoplasmosis was carried out by collecting iso blood samples included 100 samples from pregnant women and 50 samples from non-pregnant women who had previous recurrent abortions due to probable toxoplasmosis at time of pregnancy. The infection rate with toxoplasmagondii was higher in non-pregnant women group Higher than the pregnant women group. Study of prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women’s’ age groups revealed that the highest infection rate was in the age group (26-30) years, while the lowest infection rate was in the age groups (15-20) and (&gt;45) years of the pregnant women. The results of abortion frequency demonstrated that two times abortion was most frequent among pregnant women, and three times abortions was most frequent among non-pregnant women. Infection criteria for repeated abortions showed positive results for toxoplasmosis when serological examinations were used. Finally, our results found that the highest infection rate (98.3%) was among the pregnant women with A+ blood group, and (31.25%) among non-pregnant women with O+ blood group. Farah Ali Hameed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195155 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Teachers’ Knowledge about Child abuse at AL Nasiriya Primary Schools https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195156 <strong>Background:</strong> One of the most pressing issues concerning child health and well-being is child abuse; it remains to be particular and major risk to the emotional and social well-being of the children worldwide. As pupils spend long time in school, the teachers must be qualified to identify physical and behavioral fluctuations related to abuse to assuredly determine the reason and design interventions properly. The insufficient data and information result in a break in the vitalduty of teachers in determination and initial assistance in case of child abuse. <strong>Objectives:</strong> The aims of the study were to evaluate the information of the primary school teachers on identifying and reporting of child abuse and to identify any link between the teachers’ knowledge with designated sociodemographic variables. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A descriptive design was applied during the study, which include 100 primary school teachers from 6 selected schools in Al-Nasiriyah city. The tool used for data collection were a designed questionnaire on signs and symptoms of child abuse. <strong>Results:</strong> Mostof the school teachers (74%) had low knowledge on child abuse. Regarding association between knowledge and certain sociodemographic variables, no significant statistical association found except for Receive educational training courses in child abuse (p&lt;.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Child abuse is an international concern, children experience abuse in several types, and additional awareness will assist in fighting this issues. Teachers’ knowledge have to be improved by applying attentiveness programs on child abuse. Gossoon Juma Elywy, Adil Ali Hussein, Hussein Abdulmohsin Dabis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195156 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Pharmacological Activities and Chemical Constituents and of Bryonia Dioica L.:A Review https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195157 Bryonia is one of the genera belong the Cucurbitaceae family (gourd family). Bryonia dioica distribute in Western Europe,this plant flowering in May as small, greenish and three or four flowers together in small cluster the stamens and pistils are found separated therefore consider a dioecious plant–growth as separate plant into (male and female).The phytochemical constituents of Leavesare Luteolin, flavonoids (kaempferol),. alkaloids, Glycosides, phenol steroids, Carbohydrates, anthraquinoine and terpenoids, while the part used of this plant (Roots)are Kempferol 3, 7-di-O-rhamnoside, polyphenols, sterols, triterpenes, alkaloids, heterosides-c, carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, reducing sugar and coumarin . The fruits containing triterpene, glucosides, calcium oxalate crystals and the flowers arePhenolic acid and flavonoids . The biological activity and pharmacological uses of all plant parts of B.dioica are antinociceptive effects, antimicrobial activities, antioxidant activity,hepatoprotective activity, Anticancer activity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and fertility disorders. Thamer Mouhi Jasiem, Rasha Eldalawy, Zahraa Abdul Elah Alnaqqash https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195157 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Risk of Cesarean Delivery and Low Bishop Score after Induction of Labor in Nulliparous Women in Tikrit Ciry https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195158 This prospective study was s carried out in Tikrit city in the period of 1st February to 1st of July 2019 on pregnant women admitted to the labor ward of Salahaddin general hospital to assess the risk factors of cesarean delivery associated with induction of labor in nulliparous women in relation to bishop score in unfavorable cervix. The study included 100 nulliparous pregnant women with singleton fetus in cephalic presentation who admitted for induction of labor for different indications. A total number of 100 pregnant women in whom spontaneous onset of labor was diagnosed at admission were assigned to the spontaneous onset group, which served as the control group. The cesarean delivery rate for women who were induced with an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score ≤ 4) was 27.14%; the rate for women who were induced with a favorable cervix was 10% (Figure 2). The induction of labor for women with an unfavorable cervix was associated with a significantly increased risk of cesarean delivery (P &lt; 0.002). The study showed that Bishop score ≤ 4 was significant risk factor for C/S in addition to maternal age, gestational age and birth weight. Shaimaa Mohammed Sulaiman, Nabila Kamil Yaqoub https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195158 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Histological Changes for Stachybotryschartarum Fungus in the Lungs and Nose for Infant White Mice https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195159 <em>Stachybotryschartarum</em> in one of fungi that cause respiratory system infection to human and animals therefore this study it done to evaluation histological changes in some respiratory organs such as nose and lung induced by this fungus suspension . Detection of <em>Stachybotryschartarum</em> fungus confirmed by cultured samples which collected from baths floor on potato dextrose agar in room temperature for seven days. Then the suspension of positive samples of this fungus diluted by phosphate buffer saline and counted the spores by using hemocytometer before used experimentally in lab animals (Balb/C mice) to study histological changes in respiratory system . Twelve mice used in this study divided into two groups. first group consist of six mice induced with 0.5 ml from one positive sample of fungus suspension contain 2×10<sup>4</sup> spore/mm<sup>3</sup> (for month : one dose daily) according to count of hemocytometer to evaluate some histopathological changes in nose and lung .Second group induced with 0.5 ml from phosphate buffer saline only. The results revealed that the nose of mice injected with 0.5 ml contain 2×10<sup>4</sup> spore/mm<sup>3</sup> from <em>Stachybotryschartarum</em> fungus suspension causefocal superficial necrosis of the respiratory epithelial cells with acute inflammatory cells and infiltration of the mucosa while the lung of group mice treated with same concentration of fungus has interstitial pneumonia with thickening of inter alveolar space due to infiltration and chronic inflammatory cells especially mononuclear cell. Faiza Jabar, Alaa Abdalzahraa, Ahmed Obaid Hossain https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195159 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study the Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Some Biochemical Parameters in Atherosclerosis Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195160 Atherosclerosis causes significant biochemical changes, serum biochemistry was studied to investigate the correlation of these factors to Atherosclerosis. Total of 100 subjects was studied, 40 healthy individuals and 60 Atherosclerosis patients. Blood samples were collected in gel tubes from Kirkuk, General Hospital. In this study,the high level of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (P≤0.01) were observed in Atherosclerosis patients. And a number of biochemical parameters were measured, a Significantly decreased at a level of probability (p≤ 0.01) in Antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Catalase (CAT) and increased at a level of probability (p≤ 0.01) in Antioxidant, Glutathione (GSH) and increased at level of probability (p≤ 0.01) in Lipids blood serum (TC) Total Cholesterol, (TG) Triglycerid for patients with Atherosclerosisas compared with the control group . Jihan Jalil Mohammed, Sayran Sattar Saleh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195160 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Electrocardiographic Changes and Cardiac Arrhythmias in Hemodialysis Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease, at AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195161 <strong>Background:</strong> Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality among patients on dialysis. When considering all causes of death, about 30% are classified as cardiac arrest, death of unknown cause or cardiac arrhythmia. The increasing time of ventricular depolarization and repolarization, measured non-invasively by measuring the QT interval on the electrocardiogram at rest, has emerged as a predictor of complex ventricular arrhythmias, a major cause of sudden cardiac death. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with Chronic kidney disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Method: This cross sectional observational study design was carried out through the present investigation from Jun 2nd January/2019 to2/July/2019 in order to achieve the objectives of the present study . A nonprobability (purposive)sample of 120 patient which including (86) males and (34) females. Who were attending Hemodialysis Unit in AL- Hussein Teaching Hospital. The results according to the special criteria. <strong>Results:</strong> Total number of patients included in the study was 124 Mean age of all patients was 49.9±13.8 years, 106 (84.8%) had hypertension, 84 (70%) had diabetes mellitus, and 35 (29.9%) had known cardiovascular disease. Mean serum creatinine was 7.±3.4mg/dl, mean eGFR was 10.6±9.2 ml/min/1.73m2. Overall 78.4% of all CKD patients have one or more ECG abnormality. Left ventricular hypertrophy (40%), Q waves (27.2%), ST segment elevation or depression (23.4%), prolonged QRS duration (19.2%), tachycardia (17.6%) and left and right atrial enlargement (17.6%) were the most common abnormalities. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: ECG abnormalities are common in hospitalized CKD patients in local population. All hospitalized CKD patients should undergo ECG to screen for cardiovascular disease. Qasim Ali Khasal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195161 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Screening of Bio-active Chemical Composition of Vespa Orientali and Investigation of its Anti-Fungal Activity https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195162 Screening of Bioactive Chemical Composition of <em>Vespa orientali</em>was assayed for in vitro anti-fungal activity against <em>Asp. flavus, Asp. Terreus., Penicilliumexpansum, Asp. fumigatus, T.horzianum, S.cerevisiae., Candida albicans, T,viride</em>. GC-MS analysis of <em>Vespa orientali</em>revealed the existence of the, Thi-eno- furan-3, 2-amino-4, 6-dihydro, Z-8--Methyl-9-tetra-decenoic acid, I–Propyl-9-tetra-decenoate, Octa-decatrienoic, 2-[(tri-methylsilyl)oxy]-1-[(tri-methyl, 17-Octa-decynoic acid, Oxime-, metho-xy-phenyl-, Edulanll, p-Menth-1-en-3-one,semi-carbazone, 5,7-dodeca diyn-1,12-diol, Methyl 2-O-benzyl -d- arabinofuranoside, Ery-thritol, d- D-Glucose, 6-O-α -D-galactopyranosyl-, Gala-ido- octonic, Desulphosingrin, 2(3H)- Furanone, 3-butyl dihydro-, 24,25- triol, (3β,5Z,7E)-, N-(4, 6-dinyl)- 4-(4-nitro benzylidene amino) benzel, 2,7-Di-phenyl-1,6-dioxopyri-dazino [4,5:2’,3’] pyrrolo[4’,5’-d]pyridazin, 2-Methyl-9-β-dribofuranosylhypoxanthine, Ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol, acetate, (3β,22E)-, 10-Hepta-decen-8-tri-methoxy-2,3- dimethyl-, 1-Methyl-8-propyl-3, 6-diazahomoadamantan-5-dimethyl-aminomethyl-1H-[1,2,3] triazole, and 6-Octa-decenoic acid. The results of its activity showed that all compounds were highly effective to suppress the growth of <em>Asp. terreus</em>. Ekhlas Al-Shareefi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195162 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Interleukin-4 Genetic Polymorphism -590 C/T in Type- 2 Diabetes Patients from Al-Diwaniyah Hospital of Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195163 This study aims to found the relationship of interleukin-4(IL-4) genetic polymorphism -590 C/Tin association of type-2 diabetes (T2D)development. (50) blood samples were collection from the patients with T2D and (30) samples from healthy group individual from Al-Diwaniyah Hospital. PCR-RFLP was carried out for detection IL-4 genetic polymorphism (-590 C/T) of T2D patients and healthy blood samples .The IL-4 gene polymorphism genotype frequencies were studied in the patients and healthy group, for the CC, CT and TT genotypes, the result revealed significant (p˂0.05) presence of these genotypes in the patients group compared with healthy group. Also found the TT genotype increased the risk more than 20% in T2D compared with healthy group 3.33%,and CT genotype increased the risk more than 57% in T2D compared with healthy group 30%,while CC was decreased the risk 26% in the T2D compared with healthy group 66.66% . Frequency of allele T increased to 46% in the T2D compared with healthy group 20%. While frequency of allele C was not show any signification. The allele C and T carriage rates were examined, and there was no significant changes in carriage rate for C alleles. However, a significant changes was noticed in carriage rate of T allele(78.7%) in the patients population compared to healthy population. Also the results revealed there were a significant (p˂0.05), effect of the sex and family history parameter on the IL-4 genetic polymorphism, the females and positive family history of disease 58% and 72% respectively were revealed more occurrence of this genotype in their samples with percentage. Our study was concluded that genotype C/T may be is risk factor in the T2D. Firas Hasan Hadi, Muntasser Alawi Awad, Nada Fadil Abbas https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195163 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Challenges of Continuous Nursing Education in Health Agencies https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195164 <strong>Background:</strong> Many factors effects on continuous nursing education, like environment of the study or teaching method, stimulation of employees to participate in the courses and participant’s satisfaction or outcome, so evaluating such unit is so vital and can strengthen weak points and this leads to better patient outcome and high rates of nurses job satisfaction. <strong>Aims:</strong> This study aims to evaluate continuous nursing education in three parts structure, process and outcome, and knowing factors affecting it. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Descriptive study design, data collected from three educational hospitals and eight primary health care centers,the approval to conduct the study was obtained from Training and Development Centre in Babylon Health institution, Ethical committee in the nursing college of Babylon and official permissions from Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital, Babylon Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital, Murjan Medical City and Al-Hilla health sectors 1 &amp; 2. Structure and process data gathered by researcher from continuous nursing education unit manager by answering questionnaire which reviewed by (20) nursing experts, the outcome assessed by nurses who participated in continuous nursing education courses by answering the questionnaire by (250) nurse, convenient sampling. <strong>Results:</strong> The finding refers to several infrastructure weak points, low funds leads to decreased learning preparations like smart screens or advanced laboratories and medical equipment for training. The courses scheduling which set by health ministry are less than applied actually, and low focusing about nursing competencies in these courses, there wasn’t any coordination between health institutions and higher education to fill knowledge gaps or decrease subjects repetition for nurses, and few nurses takes courses out of their hospitals (abroad). High rates of participant nurses didn’t get money reward and most of them used participation certificate for promotion purposes, though, high rates of nurse’s satisfaction about continuous nursing education role, timing commitment, gaining knowledge and scientific materials provided.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> The purpose of this article was to describe our evaluation process. Continuous nursing education evaluation is central to the mission and integrity of nursing programs in preparing successful nurses, advanced practice nurses, leaders, and scholars. At a more immediate level, continuous nursing education evaluation is an integral component of continuous quality improvement and of significant benefit in planning and implementing intentional, data-driven, program changes. Putting continuous nursing education units in high priority in hospitals policies or primary health care centers in financial support will improve its performance and provide an appropriate environment, tools, hiring highly educated lecturers or participating in abroad of their governances or even country, for studying and learning new skills. Coordination with educational institutions will provide variety in teaching method and filling gaps in the learner knowledge chain, further studies in this field is required that focuses in Health ministry curriculum, separation of hospitals and primary health care centers, and about nurses that didn’t engaged in continuous nursing education courses. Hussein Ali Abd Al-Abbass, Hussein Jassem Alibrahemi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195164 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Role of 14-3-3η (Eta) Protein as Immunological Marker for Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195165 <strong>Background:</strong> There are few studies had addressed the effect of 14-3-3η (Eta) protein in the activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, this study mainly aims to evaluate whether 14-3-3η (Eta) protein is related to disease activity in a sample of Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <strong>Method</strong>: The case- control study included 50 patients with the rheumatoid arthritis, 3 males and 47 females as group I, 34 non rheumatoid arthritis (apparently healthy) control as group II. Serum levels of 14-3-3η (Eta) protein was measured by sandwich ELISA using ELISA minikits (MyBioSource-USA).<strong> Results:</strong> Rheumatoid arthritis found high in individuals of age group (45-54). There is a significant (P= 0.02) association between this age of patients and the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. There was a high significant (P= 0.0001) difference between males and females among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the association was non-significant (P=0.27) between family history and rheumatoid arthritis patients. According to patient’s history of smoking, there was a high significant (P=0.002) relationship between rheumatoid arthritis patients and smoking history compared with control. The serum level of 14-3-3 eta protein have a significant (p= 0.025) association with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis while Anti CCP showing a high significant P&lt; 0.001 association with the disease. Also there was a non- significant association between Anti CCP, 14-3-3 eta protein with disease activity score-28. Regarding disease duration, 14-3-3 eta protein showing a significant (P= 0.01) association with early rheumatoid arthritis. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was a significant association between the 14-3-3 eta protein serum level and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Also, this study was reported a non-significant association between 14-3-3 eta protein and disease activity score -28. Muhannad Mohammed Ali AL-Salami, Abeer Thaher Naji AL-Hasnawi, Mohammed Abd AbdulHussein Abusabe https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195165 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 An Epidemiological Study of Scabies by Age Groups, Regions and Gender in Diwaniya Governorate https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195166 This study included the investigation of scabies parasites, which is one of the external parasitic. It is becoming more polluted and less clean. The diagnosis from the cases reviewed to the dermatologist at Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital showed that there were many cases of skin infections with fungi and bacteria. However, the study was about scabies. The number of cases during 90 days was 120 cases after examination and diagnosis. The study showed the increase in pollution of the city center as well as the lack of ventilation, and the number of injury 29 and by 24 percent, while the lowest number was in two areas are AL- Shafaia and AL-Sudair 13 and the proportion of 10.8 percent. The number of males was 75 and 62.5%, while females were 45 and 37.5% .As for the age groups, the highest number was 41 cases in the ages of 10 years and less than 20 years and by 34% and in the age of less than 10 years were 28 and 23%. The lowest number of cases in 120 cases were 8 cases in children under 30 and over 20 years, and 6.6% . Rana Saleh Al_Difaie, Saafa Ressan Abdullah Al_Kaeebi, Ahmed Sami Salman, Lina Abdulkhademoudah https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195166 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Investigation of Escherichia Coli Fim H Gene Occurrence Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Samples https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195168 <strong>Background:</strong> <em>Escherichia. coli</em> consider as commensal bacterium that can be inhabitant in the small intestinal micro-biota of warm-blooded animals, Urinary tract infections cause by Uropathogenic<em> Escherichia coli</em> (UPEC) Are among the most branded infectious diseases in humans. Due to their recurrently incidence in the community and nosocomial infection and evolution of resistance to ordinarily recommended antimicrobial agents. <em>Objective:</em> The aim of current study was Investigation of FimH gene occurrence a virulence factor in <em>Escherichia coli.</em> <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Sixty urine samples of women with urinary tract infection symptoms. In addition, samples from different environmental places involving poultry, knacker shops, drainage water, fresh water and sewage water were collected during 22<sup>ed</sup> November 2017 to 28<sup>ed</sup> February 2018. Twenty one clinical and twenty three environmental isolates of <em>Escherichia coli.</em> The data were analyzed by using the statistical package social system (SPSS).<strong> Results:</strong> The biofilm formation were 14(66.6%) strong, 7(33.30%) moderate and weak biofilm producers not exit in clinical isolates, while 13(41%) strong, 8(34.70%) moderate and 2(8.60%) for weak biofilm formation in environmental isolates. Moreover, PCR assay of FimH was applied. So,20 isolates (95.23%) were positive results for clinical isolates and 17 isolates (73.9%) positive results for environmental <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Uropathogenic<em> E. coli</em> had the higher occurrence rate for fimbriae gene (Fim H) compared with environmental isolates,Stronger biofilm formation by clinical <em>E. coli</em> isolates than by environmental isolates. There is a significant correlation between biofilm formation and probability of Fim H occurrence in both clinical and environmental isolates. Samah N. Abd, Najeh H. Kadhum, Hassan M. Abolmaali https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195168 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Dental Health Status among Adult Population in Karbala City https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195170 <p>This study done to evaluate the oral health status (dental caries,periodontal disease and treatment needs) in Karbala city the adult individuals sample include 250 individuals age ranging between 20-40 years of both sexes using sharp dental caries explorers with W.H.O periodontal probs to detect periodontal health by use of DMFT index of W.H.O (1997) and CPITN by W.H.O (1987).</p><p>The mean DMFT for the total sample was (3.98 + 0.15) which was increased with increasing age for different age groups with significant difference in the mean DMFT for total boys and girls has been found .The results also showed that the total number of health 468 with a mean of 1.12 tooth/person in need of treatment is the most prevalent needed one surface frilling And 308 teeth with a mean 1.01 tooth/person needed two or more surface filling.</p><p>According to highest CPITN there was significant difference between boys and girls in calculus at P≤0.05 and shallow pockets at P≤0.01. The results also revealed that the mean number of healthy sextants for the total sample was 4.13 while for bleeding and calculus were 0.82 and 0.31 respectively .It means that the treatment need for periodontal disease is more toward oral hygiene procedure and prophylaxis as general. The dental health education program is an essential activity for promoting optimal oral health and preventing oral disease.</p> Karama M. T. AL-Nuaimy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195170 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Diagnosis of Metastatic Malignancy in Ascites and Pleural Effusion by Fluid Tumor Marker in Comparison to Cytology https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195171 <p>Study objective is measurement the sensitivity of CA125,CA15-3, CA19-9, CEA, NSE, and α-FP in the both pleural effusion and ascites and diagnosis theiretiologyin comparison with cytology.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This study is prospective study, 98 patients who admitted to Al-Hilla Surgical Teaching Hospital, 42 patients with pleural effusion and 56 patients with ascites. The investigations were done and include sugar and protein analysis, direct smears, tumor markers tests (CA125,CA15-3, CA19-9, CEA, NSE, and α-FP), and cytology are done for diagnosis of metastatic cancer in both effusions, or by histopathology if negative cytology are result.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Pleural effusion (42 patients) are divided into 16 (38.1%) and 26 (61.9%) for benign and malignant effusion respectively, ascites (56 patients) are 33(58.9) and 23(41.1%) for benign and malignant ascites. The age group 71-80 and male gender group is the higher percentage in both effusions. Sensitivity and accuracy in pleural fluid CEA (30.8% and 57.1%), CA15-3 (26.9%,54.8%)respectively, and in ascitic fluid CA125 and CA19-9 (26.1%, 69.6%).Tumor markers have significant association inpleural effusion (CEA and CA15-3) and ascitic fluid (CEA, CA125, and CA19-9). Sensitivity and specificity of cytology in ascitic fluid (65.2%, 96.9%) and in pleural effusion (57.7%,93.8%)respectively with significant association in both effusion . In pleural effusions, CEA+ cytology result 44.2%, 64.3%, and In ascitic effusion, CA125 + cytology show 45.7%+77.7%, for sensitivity and accuracy respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Tumor marker of both effusions have low sensitivity and high specificity. The combination tumor markers with each other and with cytology resulting in considerable increase in their diagnostic efficacy and they can use as director for invasive procedure cytology remain the highest sensitivity (in compare to tumor markers) and would bed one before other invasive tools.</p> Hadi M. AL-Mosawi, Ammar Eesa Mahdi, Alaa Sadeq Alaawad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195171 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Normal Anatomical Variants of the Paranasal Sinuses at Computed Tomography Scanning https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195194 Background: Recognition of PNS (Paranasal sinus) anatomic variants is particularly important in preoperative workup of patients with sinonasal pathology. CT (computed tomography) scanning can give exquisite details on sinus anatomy and pathology and is the main modality used to image the paranasal sinuses so the aim of the study isto evaluate certain anatomic variants of the paranasal sinuses in patients referred to the CT unit in Al-Immamain Al-Kadhymain Medical City. Patients and Method: We retrospectively analyzed the CT scans of the paranasal sinuses for patients referred to the CT unit in Al-Immamain Al-Kadhymain Medical City/Baghdad, Iraq for a period of 12 months . All the patients included in the study underwent standard CT scan of the PNS. Results: A net sample size of 188 was analyzed by the current study. Female: Male ration was (1.26:1).The incidence of septal deviation in the study sample was (51.06%) slightly more cases were deviated to the right (51.4%) than to the left (48.95%).Paradoxical middle turbinate’s were observed in(18.6%), middle turbinate aeration was observed in (58.5%) on the right and (53.1%) on the left. The incidence of variant air cells were as follows: Onodi (24.4%), Haller (11.1%), and Aggernasi (87.7%). Conclusion:The percent of most of the anatomical variants in our study sample was approximate to the percent published in the literature with the most common anatomic variants encountered being septal deviation followed by aerated middle turbinate’s whether unilateral or bilateral. The most frequent air cell was Aggernasi present in 87.7%. Ahmed Abdulsalam Abdulhussein Al-Ali, Noor Kathem Al-Waely https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195194 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Clinicopathological Evaluation of Odontogenic Tumors in Iraq (A Fifteen Years Retrospective Study) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195172 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of clinically and histopathological diagnosed odontogenic tumors during the period of 15 years in Iraqi population.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> A total of 3652 biopsy specimens from the histopathological report’s archive of oral pathology laboratory in Oral Diagnosis Department/College of Dentistry/Baghdad University were assessed histologic finding of odontogenic tumors for 15-year (1999-2015). Clinical data regarding age, gender, and site of lesions were collected from biopsy reports and patient’s files.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 145 (3.97%) odontogenic tumors were reported. Ameloblastoma was very mutual odontogenic tumor 49(33.8%), thenkeratocystic odontogenic tumors 29 (20%), peripheral odontogenic fibroma 18 (12.4%), odontogenic myxoma13(9%), and odontoma 11(7.6%), only 5 cases (2.8%) had malignant change, (97.2%) of cases were benign. Odontogenic tumors occurred more in males with most cases appearing in the second and third decades of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Odontogenic tumorsshown a low incidence among oromaxillofacial lesions and low rate of malignancy changing.</p> Bashar H. Abdulla, Wasan H. Younis, Luay Hatem Jalil, Muna S. Merza https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195172 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Prevalence of bla<sub>VIM</sub>, bla<sub>IMP</sub> and bla<sub>NDM</sub> Genes in Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Infections in Diyala, Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195173 The study aimed to determine the prevalence of <em>bla-genes (bla<sub>VIM</sub>, bla<sub>IMP</sub> and bla<sub>NDM</sub>)</em> encoding MBLs among the isolates of<em> P. aeruginosa,</em> which were recovered from various clinical samples from hospitalized patients in Diyala hospitals. This study was carried out during the period from February 2018 to August 2018. Out of 326 specimens, 81 isolates of<em> P. aeruginosa</em> were recovered. All isolates were tested toward the different class of clinically important antipseudomonal agents(18) by using agar diffusion method. The results of resistance were as following: piperacillin 74.07, ticarcillin 85.18%, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 93.82%, Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid 71.60%, ceftriaxone 87.65%, cefotaxime 85.18% and ceftazidime 75.30%, cefepime 80.24%, streptomycin 90.12%, gentamicin 85.18%, tobramycin 65.43%, amikacin 56.79%, ciprofloxacin 67.90%, levofloxacin 72.83%, oflaxacin 69.13%, Aztreonam 50.61%, Imipenem 11.11% and Meropenem 23.45%.In this investigation, antibiotic susceptibility testing of the <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates showed that 20(24.69%), 25(30.8%), 27(33.33%), and 9(11.11%) of the isolates were MDS, MDR, XDR and PDR, respectively. Based on the results from susceptibility testing, 19 (23.45%) of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates were found to be resistant to at least one of carbapenems. Out of 19 of carbapenem resistant <em>P. aeruginosa </em>isolates, 16 (84.21%) were found to produce MBL. Among 16 phenotypic Metallo β-lactamase isolates the results achieved by using PCR revealed that 9 (56.25%) isolates have <em>bla<sub>VIM</sub> </em>genes, while 4 (25%) isolates carried<em> bla<sub>NDM</sub></em> genes. No bla<sub>IMP</sub> was detected among carbapenem resistant strains in this study. Lina Abdulameer S. Alsaadi, Abbas Abood F. Al-Dulaimi, Hadi R. Rasheed Al-Taai https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195173 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Estimation of Caspase-8 in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematous and it is Relationship with Disease’s Activity https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195174 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Many research groups studied the relationship between SLE &amp; apoptosis as some enzymes of apoptosis considered to be the cause of relapsing of disease, such as caspases 8 &amp; 3. So the correlation between both is still a debate issue. This study aimed to: Assess level of caspase-8 among SLE patients. This done by:</p><p>1. Measurment of caspase 8 level by ELISA technique.</p><p>2. Clarify the relationship between caspase 8 levels and SLE activity by measuring ds-DNA and ANA levels.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Subjects enrolled in this study were categorized into two groups: patients and control groups, The patients were of both sexes with ages ranging from (10-55 year),The study carried out during the period from December, 2017 through August, 2018. This study was conducted on patients attending Al-Sadder Medical City, AL Hakeem General Hospital in Al-Najaf, AL-Hussein Medical City in Karbala and Marjan Medical City in Babyl, All these provinces in Iraq. From the Rheumatology and Nephrology out clinics in those hospitals. Forty Five patients (5 males &amp; 40 females), Collect appropriate amount of blood from each patient for: Assessment of ds- DNA and ANA. Assessment of apoptosis marker (caspase-8) using ELISA technique.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The level of caspase 8 show significant correlation among patients with SLE than control (P. value = 0.023) . furthermore,ANA and ds-DNA were high significant in patients compare with control (P-value &lt; 0.001 and P. = 0.001) respectively .</p> Amna Esmaeel Al-Araji, Sawsan M. Jabbar AL-Hasnawi, Ali Alkazzaz, Shawqi Watheq Mohammed Ali https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195174 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gold Nanoparticles Targeting Human Cervical Cancer Cells https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195175 The most disturbing gynecologic malignancies is cervical cancer particularly in the developing world with the same high incidence in Iraqi women. Cervical carcinoma has a high rate of mortality. The high death rate is associated with presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Cervical carcinoma is hard to treat, and conventional therapies are very aggressive which lead for the need for new approaches of therapy. Nanoparticles is a promising treatment modality to produce non-toxic and efficient cancer therapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) accumulate in cancer cellsselectively. The current work was aimed to study cytotoxicity and cell death induced by AuNPs on cervical carcinoma cells. Method: Cytotoxicity of AuNPs was assessed by MTT viability assay and analysed using multiple comparison ANOVA tests. Results: AuNPs nanoparticles from 12.5 up to 50 μg/mL for 72 hours showed concentration-dependent killing activity. Hayat Awadh Merkadh, Fatimah Mezaal Hameed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195175 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Bacteriological and Molecular Typing of Acne Vulgaris Etiology in the City of Baghdad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195231 . Mawj Abbas Fadhel, Luma Yousif Mehdi, Hiba Hikmat Maqdasi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195231 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Determination of the Best Level of Cognition for Category-10 Table-Tennis Athletes with Special Needs https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195176 The research addressed the importance of cognitive abilities in the field of physical education in general and table tennis in particular. The aim of the current research was to identify the best level of cognitive abilities for category-10 table-tennis athletes with special needs (C-10-TTASN), hence the importance of the research was to increase the knowledge and provide the sport science literature with valuable information about the C-10-TTASNs through research in the psychological areas of different levels in this class and the search for the role of the psychological aspect in this level. There are significant differences between the psychological profiles of the three categories (high, medium, and weak) which have effects on the classification of C-10- TTASNs. The research methodology and field procedures were also included. The descriptive methodology was used involving three players from the Iraqi national team. The results showed that there was a variation in the level of the profile between the three players according to the ten levels. The profile of the first player was better than that for the other players. The profile of the second player was better than that for the third player. Salwan Sameer Jasim, Raafat Abdulhadi Kadhim, Raafat Abdulhadi Kadhim, Hisham Hindawi Howaidi, Hisham Hindawi Howaidi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195176 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Role of VAC a and CAG a Genes in Detection and Identification of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195177 A total of (130) samples of stomach ulcer were collected from patients suffering from peptic ulcer who visited three different hospitals in Baghdad. The results showed that after bacterial culturing on the MacConkey agar and Columbia agar and selective media of<em> Helicobacter Pylori</em> bacteria under(5% O<sub>2</sub>, 10% CO<sub>2</sub>, and 85% N<sub>2</sub>), detected that 45 isolate were belong <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> that represent(35%). After testing the sensitivity test against <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> against 10 antibiotics, the sensitivity test for 10 antibiotics demonstrated the efficacy of the antibiotic cephotaxim and rifampicin in the elimination of the bacteria. The resistance ratio was 10%. The tetracycline and duxacycline antibiotic were 10% 20% and were resistant to erythromycin and chlarthromycin30%, while the resistance to amoxicillin was 100% and the resistance ratio was 80% for both metronidazole and sprofluxacin, while gentamycin had a resistance ratio of 50%. Ghydaa H. Aljeboury, Mohsen Hashim Risan, Rebah Najah Algafari https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195177 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Detection of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> and its Relationship to Vaginal Microorganisms and Sex Hormones https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195178 The study was conducted between August 2014 and the end of February 2015. It is included the collection of 227 blood samples and vaginal swabs for women suffering from itching, irritation and vaginal discharge, whom consulted the private outpatient clinics, the infertility units and the consulting clinic of Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children. Blood samples were taken to the laboratory to measure sex hormones levels. The vaginal swabs were sent to the microbiology unit for the purpose of examining the vagina pH and conducting a wet swab or microscopic examination for each sample and then vaginal swabs were cultured on both the parasite medium (CPLM) and the appropriate media to investigate the presence of bacteria. The results showed the vaginal infections at pH&gt; 4.5 was higher than the infections value at pH ≤4.5. The outcome of the study indicated to presence of (25.9%) of cases (59 patients) was infected by <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em>. The highest incidence of trichomoniasis with <em>Gardnerella vaginalis</em> was detected in 22 cases (37.2%). The lowest infections value was associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which was detected in only one case (1.6%). On the other hand, there was a relationship between the level of sex hormones and <em>Trichomonas vaginalis.</em> The results appeared that the levels of trichomoniasis increased when the rate of estradiol decreased. While infection rates increased when progesterone levels increased in the follicular phase and decreased in the luteal phase. In addition testosterone increased in women with trichomoniasis, in comparison with the control group. Hanan Raheem Hassooni, Ali Hassan Mohammed, Adil Hassan Alhusseiny https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195178 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Comparative Study of the Physical Abilities of Children Born Full and Incomplete Pregnancies of Students Aged 8-9 Years https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195179 The importance of the research is that it looks for the most precise constraints of the selection process and gives indicators for the teacher and sports educator to take all the details regarding the driver and examine them carefully, some may be a defect or strength during the discovery of talent and hence came this study, which is the first nationwide and looking at the duration of the student The researchers used the descriptive method in the method of comparisons to suit the research problem. The sample of the research was chosen by the researcher, (54) students divided into (27) students with incomplete pregnancy and (27) students with full pregnancy, the main findings showed that students with full pregnancy they overcame pupils with incomplete pregnancies in both muscle strength and speed. Saleh Chuaied Hilaiel, Hekmat Abdul Sattar Alwan, Hussein Mhaibes Tuama, Birivan Abdullah Saeed, Adel oudah kata https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195179 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Salpingectomy Versus Fallopian Tubes Cauterization for Management of Hydrosalpinx on the Future Females’ Ovarian Reserve https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195180 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Injury to the distal end of the fallopian tube (ampulla), and its fimbria, causes the end of the tube to close. Glands within the tube produce a watery fluid that collects within the tube, producing hydrosalpinx which should be blocked surgically before starting in vitro fertilization by salpingectomy, clumping or cauterization in two sites that may influence the vascularity of the adjacent ovarian tissue affecting the IVF results later on.</p><p><strong>Aim of Study</strong>: To compare between the effect of salpingectomy and cauterization of the fallopian tubes on the ovarian reserve and ovarian vascularity in females undergoing tubal surgeries for hydrosalpix.</p><p><strong>Subjects Materials and Method:</strong>The present study was done on 30 infertile females with history of primary or secondary infertility who were diagnosed as having bilateral or unilateral hydrosalpinx by hystrosalpingogram (HSG). These females were divided into two groups, the first group (n=15) were subjected to laparoscopic tubal ligation using cauterization in two sites for each tube, while the other group (n=15) were undergone more aggressive method which is salpingectomy (severed and sealed).</p><p>An assessment of their antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and calculating the ovarian artery pulsatility index (PI) and Doppler index of vascular resistance in the ovarian vessels (resistant index of stromal blood flow - RI) was done for all females before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The results of age, AFC, AMH level, RI, and PI was recorded before and after doing their surgeries in both groups. The statistical analysis recorded no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in all these parameters before and after subjecting to surgeries, but when these parameters were compared within each group only resistance index showed significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the group underwent tubal cauterization while in the other group who underwent salpingectomy a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) was recorded in AFC and highly significant difference (p&lt;0.01) in AMH level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>The negative effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve is more than that of tubal cauterization.</p> Mufeda Ali Jwad, Wasan Adnan Al-Jubori https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195180 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effectiveness of Retaliatory Force Exercises in Developing the Explosive Power of Two Legs and Arms and the Accuracy of the Spike in the Badminton of Young Players Under the Age of 18 Year https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195181 <p>The problem of research is that most young players with badminton do not have sufficient muscular strength for the muscles of legs who have a big role in the accuracy of the strike. This was observed through the personal experience of the two former players and interested in badminton and through the interviews that were conducted with Most trainers of the youth category and through the belief of researchers in scientific research as the correct scientific step to solve problems, exercises were designed to refine the explosive capacity of the muscles of the two legs and their impact on improving the accuracy of the strike in the field of badminton for young players 18 years old .</p><p>Research aim to prepare exercises regressive force to develop explosive power in the muscles of legs, arms and accuracy spike in the badminton players for young people under 18 years old. The researchers used the pilot approach to experimental design with pre-test and post-test for the two groups (experimental and control) to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined by the players of the Mahaweel Sports Club with ages (16-18) for the training season 2018-2019 of 14 players. The sample was selected in a comprehensive inventory method and the sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control) with seven players per group. One of the most important conclusions was the positive effect on the development of explosive force of arms and legs using the reactive power exercises of the experimental group and all tests. The reason for the development of the experimental group was the result of the independent variable use of aftershocks for the development of explosive force of the arms and legs, Develop the skills of the precision of the spike in the badminton.</p> Jabbar Ali Kathim, Rami Jabbar Kadhim, Hussein Mnaty Sachit https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195181 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Microscopic Vision of an Experimental Infection Effect with Candida Glabratayeast in the Histological Structure of the Heart and Lungs in Immunosuppressed Male Mice and Other Normal Mice https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195182 The research was conducted to study histological structure of heart and lungs in male mice after being experimentally infected with <em>Candida glabrata </em>yeast isolated from the patient visitors of Tikrit Teaching Hospital suffering from Invasive Candidiasis (38 males, 25 females) between the ages of 15 and 82 years. The results showed pathological histological changes in both heart and lungs of male mice experimentally infected with the <em>C. glabrata </em>inhibitory immunosuppressant, which consisted of sloughing the basal membrane of the endocardium, as well as sarcoplasm degeneration of myocardial cells. In lungs the histological sections showed occurrence of extensive hemorrhage in and around alveoli and emergence of lymphocytes around the bronchioles as well as congestion and bleeding of blood vessels. While the results of the normal mice group (non-immunosuppressant) showed pathological histological changes represented by the local degeneration of heart sarcoplasm muscle, and in lungs have shown severe congestion of blood vessels and capillaries around alveoli as well as emergence of RBCs and desquamation of epithelial cells in the trachea with a local lymphocytic aggregation compared to the control group. Khulood Naji Rasheed, Milad A. Mezher, Idrees Khalaf Thamer https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195182 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Educational Modules in Learning Some Types of Handball Scoring for Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195183 <p>The teaching method are no longer meeting the educational requirements that have increased during the current century. The need to expand educational services has multiplied day by day, which requires the development of modern teaching method to meet these challenges facing the educational process.</p><p>Therefore, the researchers tended to identify educational leaflets because they help the learner to acquire information in an orderly and intentional manner, and then take into account the link between motor skills and theoretical and emotional information and also link between new information and previous information in the structure of knowledge to reach a holistic view of the situation and the perception of its components, which leads to raise Efficiency of the educational process.</p><p><strong>The research objective to</strong>:Identify the impact of unit’s prepared educational leaflets in learning some types of scoring handball students under research. The research community was represented by students of the second phase, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences-University of Karbala for the academic year 2018-2019 and from my division (A, C) where a sample of (40) students was selected in a random stratified manner in an equal manner and by (20) students for each division, where Division (A) represented the experimental group and learned to use educational brochures while Division (C) control group used The method used in the college of explanation and demonstration.</p><p>After a statistical analysis of the data, the researchers came to several conclusions. The presence of a positive effect size as a result of teaching using the educational leaflets of the experimental group, as well as the group that learned in the method followed (explanation and presentation) but in varying proportions.</p> Khalil Hamid Mohammed Ali, Iman Darwish Gary, Abbas Abdulhamza Kadhem https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195183 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and (Albumin/Creatinine) Ratio in Diabetic Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195184 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong>Diabetes mellitus is a quickly upward illnesses in our world and it develop a chief community health problem. Diabetes is a sources of multiple long-term complications that have significant effect on the patients and society, the illness mostly touches peoples in their most creativeages diabetes has multiple systematic complications with macro-vascular and micro-vascular problems. Micro-vascular illness such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular illnesses are a common problems of diabetes and it have a significant interrupting on the community &amp; public health. Method: Across sectional study involved 75 patients with diabetes M. done in Al-Emamain Al-Kadhumain medical city from period September 2018 to July 2019, we organized questionnaire involved age of patients, gender, type of DM and duration of illness. Also all patents send for lab. To investigate HbA1c and albumin/creatinine ratio. Examination of fundus done after application of mydriatic eye drops (tropic amid) and used slit limp bio microscope and 90 D lens. Results: 75 patients included in our study, age of patients 51.4±13.7 years old, duration of Diabetes M. 7.1±4.2 years, 47 (63%) male included in our study and 28 (37%) female, also 12 (16%) of patients type 1 DM and 63 (84%) type 2 DM, there is significant association (P-value &lt;0.05)between degree of retinopathy and (albumin/creatinine) ratio; 29% of patents with microalbuminuria and 16% of patients with macro albuminuria, 9% of patients with ADED have macro albuminuria, 5% of patients with PDR have macro albuminuria, while 16%of patients with NPDR have microalbuminuria, 8% of patients with PDR have microalbuminuria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Albuminuria/creatinine ratio is linked with theretinopathy in patients who have diabetic. So micro and macro albumin urea may be marker of proliferative retinopathy development so need close follow up.</p> Aberabdul amir, Haiderabdulhameed Rashid, Hind A. Mahdi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195184 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Socioeconomic Level on Dental Caries among Preschool Children in Baghdad City https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195185 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common oral problems. It may start early in life and if not treated may end with tooth loss. Oral health is influenced by the socioeconomic status in which the socialization of the child takes place.</p><p><strong>Aim of the Study</strong>:The survey was made to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on dental caries of preschool children.</p><p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong>The total sample composed of 893 children aged (4-5) year selected randomly from different kindergartens in Baghdad governorate. WHO 2013 index was used for assessment of the dental caries experience and questionnaire was send to parents to assess their knowledge and behavior.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 98% for the total sample, highly significant differences were seen between SES and dental caries experience dmfs of primary teeth, highly significant relation between SES and parents knowledge in all questions except questions concerning tooth decay and crowding of the permanent dentition was no significant while in behavior questions a highly significant relation was seen in all questions except questions concerning the type of bristle of the brush and preferable time for eating sweets was no significant . Conclusion: Preschool children in Baghdad were found to have a high prevalence of dental cariesSES effect on the dental condition. Hence this survey highlighted the need for children to dental health education programs and public and school preventive measures among those children.</p> Mariam F. Abonayla, Athraa M. Alwaheb https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195185 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Submucous Dexamethasone Injection on the Post-Operative Sequelae After Impacted Third Molar Surgery https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195186 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Different method were attempted by many researchers to reduce postoperative inflammatory response following surgical extraction of lower wisdom teeth because this is a very common procedure and is usually associated with pain, difficulty in mouth opening and swelling. Aims: To assess the effect of sub mucosal injection of 4mg/1ml dexamethasone on reduction of postoperative pain, facial swelling and trismus following the surgical extraction of impacted lower wisdom teeth.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong>forty patients were selected to be included in this randomized clinical study with a total number of 42 impacted mandibular third molars, they divided randomly into two groups, control and study group of twenty patients for each, patients in the study group received 4mg/1 ml submucos injection of dexamethas one, while patients in the control group received placebo (normal saline) five minutes after local anesthesia administration, and surgical removal of impacted teeth was done after further five minutes. evaluation of mouth opening and swelling was done as a baseline and on the second and seventh post-operative days after surgery, while pain was scored daily until the 7 th postoperative day by the patient according to numerical rating scale. Assessment of trismus was done by measuring the maximum interincisal distance swelling was evaluated by measuring the distance between five selected points. Every one of these factors in addition to the time of surgery were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Study group showed less limitation in mouth opening than control group but there was no statistically significant difference between them however study group showed a significant reduction in pain scores on the first and the second post-operative days and a significant improvement of swelling compared with the control group at the 48 hour follow up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Submucosal injection of dexamethasone was effective in minimizing facial swelling, Pain and trismus after surgical extraction of mandibular third molar.</p> Zainab Wahab Hadi, Sahar Shakir Al-Adili https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195186 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hypothyroidism, Prolactin and Function of the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195187 The present study was aimed to examine the associations among chronic kidney disease(CKD) and hormonal status byevaluation levels of: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Prolactin,Estrogen (E2) and Progesterone (P4)for females and Testosterone for males along with thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, andT4) in CKD patients. The study included 50 patients who are diagnosed to have CKD stage-5, their ages ranged between 20-50 years (25 males and 25 females) who attended the Nephrology and Transplant Center in Medical City of Baghdad- Iraq from April 2018 to July 2018, and 20 matched apparently healthy as control, their ages ranged between 20-48 years (10 males and 10 females). The study showed a highly significant (P&lt;0.01) increase in LH, FSH levels in CKD patients compared to the control group. Highly significant (P&lt;0.01) increase in Prolactin level as compared to healthy individuals and highly significant (P&lt;0.01) decrease in E2 level in CKD females patients compared to the control group, while there was non-significant (P&gt;0.05) decrease in P4 level in CKD female patients compared to the control group. On the other hand there is significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in Testosterone level in CKD males patients compared to the control group. In parallel TSH was recorded a highly significant (P&lt;0.01) increase in CKD patients in comparison with control. While T3 and T4 levels highly significant (P&lt;0.01) decrease in CKD patients in comparison with control. Athraa K. Falhi, Noori M. Luaibi, Ali J. Alsaedi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195187 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Mood Disorders in Rheumatoid Arthritis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195188 <p>The mood disorder refers to a sequence of mood episodes. Mood disorder are further classified as depressive (major depressive or bipolar) The course of this disorder is characterized as unipolar or bipolar. The aim of the study is to show the relationship between the mood disorder and rheumatoid arthritis and to classify some of the relationship between etiology,symptoms and underlying biochemical processes. Method :Use in this study Three appendix to asses the cases A cohort study composes of 50 patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis with repeated mood disorders the samples was chosen from both outpatient in Rheumatology unit in IMAM- Al -Sadek teaching hospital and Margin teaching hospital the study was carry out during the period from the first Oct. 2018 through the first April 2019 for each patient critical interview was done by sociodemographic data was recorded according to- appendix A-. The interview was based on national institute of mental health diagnostic interview schedule (NIMH-DIS). Quetionnare designed t0 assess Mood Disorders which include question specific for the diagnosis of depression (72-99) and for mania (100-117) where used to confirm the diagnosis- appendix B-. and proposed 2007 Revised American Rheumatism Association criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis -appendix C-3. The Result of study revealed the following result the feature of the mood disorder in rheumatoid arthritis where studied in 50 patient a total of 40% meat criteria for mood disorders based on (NIMH-DIS) it’s This slightly more in females and more in married patients</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>This study proved that most of the mood symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis case appeared to be of mild severity and more often showed symptoms of fatigability work retardation, sadness and less suicidal feeling</p> Kareem Nasir Hussain https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195188 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Pattern of Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195189 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The effective treatment of patients with intestinal obstruction is essential and requires initial rapid diagnosis and therapeutic intervention<strong>.</strong></p><p><strong>Aim of Study:</strong> To determine the causes, the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis, and other epidemiological characteristics of intestinal obstruction in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong> A prospective study was conducted in the Surgical Department of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital for a period of two years (from Jan 1999 to the end of Dec 2000) and included 178 patients admitted and proved to be diagnosed with mechanical intestinal obstruction.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 178 patients enrolled in this study; maximum incidence was seen in patients aged between 40-59 years with male predominance (62.4%). Abdominal pain and constipation, were presenting in majority of cases (87.6% and 83.1% respectively). Common causes were hernias, adhesions and bands (35.4% and 28.6% respectively). Small bowel was involved in 69.7% cases and large bowel in 30.3%. Laparotomy was the main option for management (69.1%). The mortality rate was 9.5% and death is associated significantly with aging and volvulus and intussusception as causes of intestinal obstruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Acute intestinal obstruction still a major cause of morbidity and mortality which was associated with aging, compounda volvulus and intussusception. Hernias and adhesions were the leading causes of intestinal obstruction. Abdominal pain and distension, and constipation were seen in majority of cases. Laparotomy was the most common method of intestinal obstruction management in our institute</p> Ammar Fouad Abdulrazaq, Mohammad Faraj Dawod Al. Jafary, Hanan Hazim Mohammed Noori https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195189 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Infection Rate of Trichomoniasis among Women in AL Hilla City https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195190 <p>Trichomoniasisis a very common parasitic disease transmitted sexually in the world.The infection caused by unicellular,flagellated parasite<em> Trichomonas vaginalis</em>. The present study was conducted from January to April 2019 to investigate the infective rate of trichomoniasis in women attending family planning unit in maternity and children hospital in Al-Hilla city . A total of 255 women of different ages (&gt;20-50)yr. were enrolled in this study. All of them were screened for trichomoniasis by wet mount preparation. A consent was taken from all participant which included(age, area of residence, marital status,pregnancy status, use of contraceptive in addition to the symptoms. Out of 255 women, 67 (26.27%) revealed positive results for trichomoniasis. According to age groups the results showed the highest rate of infection (39.6%) in (21-30) yr. age group. The infection rate was high among women lived in rural areas was reach(67.45%) than women lived in urban areas was reach (32.54%). Non- Pregnant women showed higher infective rate of trichomoniasis than pregnant women (65.86% and 43.13%), respectively. The infection rate in married women was(62.74%) and unmarried women was (37.25%) .The present study showed high rate of trichomoniasis (67.84%) in women that use contraceptive, while the lower rate of infection with trichomoniasis (32.54%) in women that non-using contraceptive. The present study showed there were significantlly differences (p&lt;0.05)correlation between trichomoniasis in women with (age,residency, marital status, pregnancy status and using or nonusing of contraceptive).</p> Maani Seher Abid Al-Kahfaji https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195190 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Genotyping of Epstein-Barr Virus in EBV-Positive Burkett’s Lymphoma in Anbar Province (Western of Iraq) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195191 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human virus with a proven association with the pathogenesis of cancer including Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). Two subtypes of EBV, type A and B have been identified based on divergence in the nuclear protein genes (EBNA) 2, 3, 4 and 6.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aimed to determine the genotype of EBV in BL cases in Anbar province (Western of Iraq).</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> This study was conducted at Anbar Medical college-Ramadi city, Iraq and the molecular analyses were carried out at private laboratories in Baghdad city during the period from January 2017 to December 2019. The expression of EBV-to-EBV-encoded small RNA in BL cases was detected by the in situ hybridization technique (EBER- RISH). EBV DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tumor blocks of BL cases. One-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and two-stage (nested) PCR assays were performed with the primers common for both EBV genotypes and the primers specific for EBV types 1 and 2, respectively. PCR reaction was employed for EBV Genotyping using sets of primers flanking the EBNA-2.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> EBV genomes were detected in all BL, and EBV type 1 virus (EBV type A) infected the majority of EBV-positive BL cases (85/90) (94.44%), while EBV type two (EBV type B) was detected in five cases only (5.56%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Predominant of EBV Type 1(EBV type A) in the Iraqi positive BL cases.</p> Mothana Ali Khalil https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195191 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Study Effect of Pills and Alcoholic Extract of Rue Plant on the Histological Structure of Ovaryin Adult Rabbit Females https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195192 . Hind Ahmed Akook, Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Muthana M. Al-Mahdawi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195192 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Molecular Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus and Immunohistochemical Expression of BCL2 in Lymph Nodes from Hodgkin’s Lymphoma https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195193 <p><strong>Background:</strong> A lifelong persistence of latent human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection may result and/or associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). The B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) is an anti-apoptotic molecule expressed in non-neoplastic lymphoid tissue (hyperplastic lymph node) while down-regulated in normal germinal center B cells. Objective: Is to analyze the concordant impact of BCL2 expression and hCMV infection on tissues from a group of patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong> Eighty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissue-biopsies enrolled in this study; 40 from HLand 40 with unremarkable pathological changes. Detection of hCMV was done by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used for the BCL2 protein expression.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In HL, the hCMV-positiveCISH and the BCL2-positive IHC reactions were detected in 35% and 42.5% of tissues, respectively. The correlation between hCMV and BCL2 was highly significant (P = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The significant co-expression of BCL2 and hCMV genes in HL tissues could point for their possible role in either lymph node pathogenesis or carcinogenesis.</p> Haitham Ahmed Al-Rubaie, Saad Hasan Mohammed Ali, Mustafa Jaffar Hussein, Shakir H. Mohammed Al-Alwany https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195193 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Relationship between Malondialdehyde, Uric Acid and CRP in GDM Pregnant Women During Different Trimesters https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195195 GDM Common medical complication of pregnancy, it’s increasing enormously worldwide in the recent decades especially in developing countries, the onset of GDM occurred, due to islet β cell function defect .There are a close relationship between the GDM,OS, antioxidants and inflammation .The aim of this study was the assessment to oxidative stress factor changes, UA and CRP in pregnants women with GDM in misan province . The study included (30) GDM pregnant women, (25 -35) years. The study has during Nov.2018 to Feb. 2019 . Diagnosed parameters done by ELISA, and mindray (BS -230) .Our results reveledall parameters increased during pregnancy, highest increase in the third trimesters, it is increased significantly (p ≤0.05) in comparison with the first and second trimesters. Allaa Jamel Shhaeat, Ahmed Aboud Khalifa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195195 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Teaching in Educational Complexes Using Harmonic Exercises to Improve Motor Compatibility and Some Basketball Offensive Skills https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195196 <p><strong>The research included the introduction, the importance of the research and the goal of the research</strong>:</p><p>• Identify the effect of using teaching in educational complexes according to harmonic exercises to improve motor compatibility.</p><p>• Recognize the impact of the use of teaching in educational complexes according to harmonic exercises to improve some offensive skills basketball.</p><p>The researchers used the experimental method as well as the research sample, the students of the preparatory stage in Al-Khadra School (30) divided into two equal experimental and control groups and included a number of educational units (7) units applied to the research sample where teaching was used in educational complexes. Using harmonic exercises on the experimental group.</p><p><strong>The research reached the most important results of them:</strong></p><p><strong></strong>• The results showed that the experimental group that used teaching in the educational complexes and harmonic exercises in improving the motor compatibility and learning some skills in basketball (long hand over the shoulder and the freshman and scoring from the free throw line) over the control group.</p><p>• The results showed that the control group that used the teaching followed by the teacher in learning some skills and motor compatibility in basketball.</p> Emad Toma Radi, Mentdhar Hussen Sabt, Louay Abdulsattar Salal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195196 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Impact of Qualitative Exercises in the Development of Some Basic Skills in Football for the Cubs https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195197 <p>Football has witnessed a significant development in the levels reached by the players, especially their physical, motor and skill levels. This is what we see today through what they offer while playing in world tournaments. Training programs often emphasize the physical and skill aspects of the players and not focusing on the aspects related to motor skills.</p><p>It has emerged in recent years and unquestionably a great development in football events where it is one of the games that require a high physical effort and skill to play the ball strongly impulsive, with coordinated movements where the player can perform the kinetic duty with minimal effort and high accuracy that economize on the use His physical and psychological abilities are balanced, as this leads to the fact that if two players with the same skill level and planning, the player with a physical level, motor and psychological high will be able to control the course of the game, so the skill side plays a big role in the game of football.</p><p>The problem of research was reflected in the skills weakness of the Cubs of football, especially passing and scoring, and this is attributed to the lack of motor programs in this category, and this causes a weak performance in the skills of many of the qualitative skills of the game.Here, the researcher considered that the development of specific exercises aimed at developing some of the basic skills of Cub football through the combination of motor and skill training to serve the goal of research.</p> Mohammed Abbas Saeed, Alaa Hussein Ali Hamza Al-Humairi, Maytham Lateef Ibraheem https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195197 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of the Antimicrobial Resistance of Urinary <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Some Factors Related to Urinary Tract Infection in Karbala Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195198 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Urinary tract infection is one of the most common type of infectious disease encountered in the practice of medicine. Antimicrobial resistance is huge problem cause of a great concern throughout the world. This study was curried out to assess the antimicrobial resistance of urinary <em>E. coli</em> and some factors related to urinary tract infection.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 100 patients studied, the urine samples of 49 patients were found to have culture positive; and out of these, the urine samples of 28 patients were positive for urinary <em>E. coli</em>. Thus the prevalence was 57.1% for <em>E. coli</em>, and 42.9% for other type of bacteria such as <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Hemolytic streptococci, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Enterococcus spp.</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. The results of sensitivity tests showed that the resistance of <em>E. coli</em> was about 10 times higher for nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone; relative to amikacin, ampicillin and imipenem.</p><p><strong>Aim of the Study:</strong> Assessmentof the antimicrobial resistance of urinary E. coli and some factors related to urinary tract infection in Karbala patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>Escherichia coli</em> remains the most common pathogens isolated form urine samples of patients with urinary tract infection . The resistance of uropathogenic E. coli to antimicrobial drugs has been gradually increasing for commonly used drugs.</p> Jaafar Jaber, Maysaloon Adnan Abdul Razzak, Fouad Oudah Kadhim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195198 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Inhibitory Effects of Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and Ciprofloxacin on the Gene Expression of Nor a Efflux Pump and Reduce Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195199 One of the important pathogen with increasing resistance rate in hospitalized patients is <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. The useful results for antimicrobial activity of CCCP made it a proper candidate to enhance the inhibitory effect of some certain antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin. The aim of this study was to investigate the Inhibitory effects of CCCP on the gene expression of norA efflux pump and decrease Ciprofloxacin resistance in<em> Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Thirtyisolates ofS. aureus were acquired from different clinical specimens at the Baquba teaching hospital. Susceptibility test to ciprofloxacin was done by disk diffusion test and broth dilution method. Activity of the efflux pump was recognized using CCCP as an chemical efflux pump inhibotor. MIC of CCCP was evaluated with muller hinton Broth dilution method. Bacterial culture was performed and nor A gene expression was examined by Taqman qRT-PCR by one-step and .The expression of norA was significantly decreased in these isolates when were treated with CCCP &amp; Cip. Our results showed that CCCPcan increase ciprofloxacin susceptibility through inhibition of the norA efflux pump. Combination of CCCP with ciprofloxacin can reduce the antibiotic resistance. Iman , A. AL-Zengena, Abbas A. Al-Dulaimi, Hadi R. Al-Taai https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195199 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Some Metal Complexes of Mixed 1, 10 Phenonthroline and Schiff Base Ligand; Syntheses, Spectroscopic and DNA Cleavage Studies https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195201 Two series of metal complexes were prepared in this study, the first set from reaction of metal salts with Schiff base (HL1) as a primary ligand (which prepared by condensation of Benzdine, 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyed and 9-anthracen carbaldehyed in a one pot step with 1:1:1 molar ratio. The second series was synthesized by reaction of two mixed ligands [HL1] and 1,10-phenanthroline [L2] with the metal saltes in a 1:1:1 molar ratio. The Schiff base ligand and mixed ligand chelates characterization based on spectroscopic method; FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR along with elemental analysis, metal content, melting point, magnetic susceptibility and conductance measurements. The Schiff base ligand and mixed ligand complexes were found to have the general formulae [M(L1)2(H2O)2]. H2Oand [M(L1)(1,10phen)] Cl. H2O, where (M=Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) respectively. Octahedral geometrical structures were proposed for (HL1) complexes while a tetrahedral structure was proposed for the mixed ligand complexes. The interactions of prepared compounds with DNA were investigated by gel electrophoresis and Ultra-Violet spectroscopy. The results of DNA binding and cleavage experiments displayed that some metal complexes were able to interact with DNA in intercalative mode, these results suggested the possible utilization of metal complexes for pharmaceutical applications. Sabrin Fadal Hammed, Hasan A. Hasan, Mohammed Mahdi Jawad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195201 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Relation between Adermatoglyphics and Dental Malocclusions of Iraqi Adults https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195202 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Dermatoglyphics is studying the surfaces of the hands and feet for epidermal ridges. Orodental patterns developed emberiologically at the same time. Various types of malocclusion have genetic predisposition affected environmentally. These malocclusions usually accompanied by various dermal patterns which are specific for each class.</p><p><strong>Aims of the Study:</strong> To compare the dermatologyphics characteristic of patients with various classes of malocclusions. Methodology: The patients were divided into four groups:</p><p>Group 1: class I, group 2: class II Div 1, group 3: class II Div 2, Group 4: class III malocclusion. The finger and palmar prints were recorded and analyzed for each type of pattern.</p><p><strong>Results and Conclusion:</strong> The class II Div 2 pattern was correlated with higher frequency of whorls, while in class III, there was increased appearance of arches and radial loops with decreased incidence of ulnar loops.</p> Sami K. Al-Joubori https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195202 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Some Cardiac Indexes of Doping in Sport Comparative Analysis between Doping Users and Non-Doping Users https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195203 <p>At present, the world is undergoing a major development in all life’s aspects, which positively reflected on fundamental sciences and sport sciences. The principle of winning the match or losing depends on decent competition between sports teams. Steroids have been used in the past in the Olympic competitions since the 13th century when bicycles’ racers in France used a medical mixture prepared from the substances of the (caffeine).</p><p>Belgium athletes used sugar pieces and others used alcohols. The first incident of drug-death-related, took place in 1882 when the British athlete Lenition died of using a large mixture of heroin and cocaine during a 200 kilometres bicycles’ race between Bordeaux and Paris. In 1951 during the Winter Games in Oslo ice skitters used nitrogen and many capsules used as stimulants were found in homes as well.</p><p>Using steroids affects positively the athlete physical health fitness. However, this positive aspect contains side effects that have an impact on the athlete user’s health. Experience has been proven that these side effects and damages sometimes reached to the extent of sudden death. For instance, if we assumed that one of the high-level athletes of any of the sports aspects of which the level is determined by muscular strength such as weight lifting, throwing, in the athletics …etc., giving specific doses of the fourth set of these steroids leads to an increase in the physiological section of different muscular groups. Especially if taking these steroids is accompanied with private exercises of athlete muscular strength where the fibres’ size increases. The number of the fibres remains constant, thus leads to an increase in the muscular strength, which is already linked with the distance increases in the case of throwing and weight increase in the case of weight lifting.</p><p>Using steroids leads to a positive impact on the athlete’s physical fitness, however, this positive aspect contains negative effects of users and negatively affect the athlete individual’s health.Hence the importance of research is reflected in the study of the comparison between who take steroids and dietary supplements and others of who do not, from the standpoint of the sports hall trainers.</p> Mohannad N. Kzara, Mohammed H. Shaalan, M. Farman https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195203 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Clinico-Cytological Correlation of Cervical Pap Abnormality https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195204 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Few studies reported in Iraq about the clinicopathological correlation of Pap Smear results, and non was reported about this correlation among private clinic patient, as the knowledge of the authors. Therefore, this study was developed to study the clinic-pathological correlation of the Pap smear cytology results and the clinical presentation of the private clinic patients.</p><p><strong>Patient and Method</strong>: Cross sectional study of (144) patients presented to the privet clinic, during the period 1st January-1st September 2018. Information regarding age, job parity, marital status symptoms and patient complain and clinical examination of the patient was obtained via a structured questionnaire. The presenting signs &amp; symptoms were compared with the Pap-smear findings and other factors. Cytological study done by cytopathology specialist. Conventional pap smear were used. Cytology was reported using Bethesda system. A single combined smear, was done for each patient by sampling the endocervix, first to obtain the cell sample. Scraping the ectocervix with the spatula and spreading the material rapidly onto the upper end of the slide. Spreading the endocervical material through the ectocervical material to the end of the slide. This procedure Performed quickly to prevent drying artifacts. Fixation of the slide done using spray fix by thoroughly soaking the cellular sample while holding the spray fixative container about 6-8 inches from the slide. Then allowing spray fixative to evaporate.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy) found among 21(14.6%) of the patients 20 (13.9%) had cervicitis, and 1(0.7%) had atrophic changes in the cervix), Atypical Squamous Cell Undetermined Significant (ASCUS) 73(50.7%), followed by Low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LSIL) 39(27.1%), and High-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSIL) 9(6.3%). Squamous cell carcinoma was found among 2(1.4%) of the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Iraqi women attending the priate clinic had high level of intraepithelial abnormality, even if it lower than other countries but it in need to be controlled by cervical cancer screening program, the common presenting symptom with increased rate of with various stages of intraepithelial lesion were post coital bleeding, and Irregular vaginal bleeding.</p> Hamssa Hussein Aloan, Zainab Ali Issa, Zainab Ali Issa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195204 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Vernald Way (VAKT) for Multiple Senses, Health Care and Clinical Learning in Dealing with Hardship and Written to the Reading First Stage Pupils https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195205 Current research aims at identifying the impact of vernald way (vakt) for multiple senses to address the hardship I have written and reading the first primary stage pupils with special needs in Babylon, and this study was conducted in primary schools under the special education classes – Centre, in order to achieve the goal Search follow Finder experimental method, then choose Finder school Safieddine ornaments the midair school trial sample jeweler school officer, reconnaissance search sample number/9 first grade students raise for the experimental group in the school of Safieddine number/10 students from the first grade. Breeding for control group at the midair school, and took the same test researcher with ten paragraphs check a handout and persistence, and achievement test Finder dish on my sample experimental and research officer at 30/4/2019, then use in squared Pearson correlation coefficient and (Ki 2) and t-test for equality Independent waltbiain statistical method for processing data, and results from the experimental group than the control group, indicating that the method vernald (vakt) for multiple senses may bluff and superior. Hashim Radhe Chither https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195205 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association of Osteoarthritis and Periodontitis in Sample of Iraqi Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195230 <p><strong>Background :</strong> Osteoarthritis(OA and Periodontitis (PD) share physiopathological characteristics ,and many previous studies show association of PD with other chronic musculoskeletal and bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: To investigate the association between OA and PD in a sample of Iraqi patientswith knee OA.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method</strong>: Acase-control study included 150 patients with OA and 150 healthy controls. The WHO community periodontal index was used to assess periodontitis, Periodontitis was defined as a CPI greater than or equal to ‘‘code 3’’. Binary regression analysis used to assess the predictors of periodontitis among OA patients</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: OA patients were about 2.3 folds more likely to have Periodontitis, (odds ratio = 2.29, P. value &lt; 0.05). In OA group only smoking showed a significant correlation with Periodontitis; where out of the 38 cases with periodontitis 7 (18.4%) were smokers compared to only 6 (5.4%) of 112 with no Periodontitis, (P. value = 0.013), Other variables showed no significant correlations, (P. value &gt; 0.05).No statistically significant correlation had been found between prevalence of Periodontitis and severity of OA represented by KL score, (P. value &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Patients with knee OA were about 2.3 folds more likely to have Periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Presence of Periodontitis was not affected by age, gender, Occupation, Alcohol consumption, BMI or severity of disease in knee OA patients.</p> Ali Hamdi Ghani, Sami S. Shihab https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195230 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Study of Raman Spectra for Malachite Green Dye in Aquaculture in Solid State and Liquid State https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195206 This papers include the study of Raman spectra for different forms (solid and liquid) of the malachite green dye. Three concentrations (10<sup>-3</sup>,10<sup>-4</sup>,10<sup>-5</sup>) Ml of dye solution are prepared in the water solvent and Raman spectra were measured using a wavelength laser beam (532 nm) A total of (11) major vibration patterns were obtained for the dye in concentration (10<sup>-3</sup>) and (6) vibration patterns in concentration (10<sup>-4</sup>) while the number of vibration patterns (5) in concentration (10<sup>-5</sup>) Using a (pld) technique, a solid form(film) of dye was prepared on its own, When Raman spectra was measured, (8) vibratory patterns appeared, while the vibration patterns of dye were decreased when the dye film was prepared with the polymer. Vibration patterns were observed in all models prepared The most prominent (C-N str,C-H ben,C=C str). Hwraa Abd Al-Kreem Alewe, Lazem Hassan Aboud, Mohamed Hamza https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195206 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Improvement in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Cleavage Rate of Mice Oocytes by Using Repaglinide with Supplementation of IVF Medium https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195207 Considering to progresses in the scientific reproductive research in both clinical medicine and basic science, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that is widely used for treatment infertility and increasing of pregnancy rate at infertile couples. In this study it was examined the effect of repaglinide on in vitro fertilization and embryo cleavage in mice oocytes. It was used female NMRI mice at 8 weeks old that after superovulation with injecting 5 IU of PMSG, followed by injection 5 IU of hCG at 48 h later. After preparation of sperm for in vitro insemination, MII oocytes randomly divided in two groups; control without repaglinide in IVF medium and treatment with 1μM concentration of repaglinide in IVF medium. Fertilized 4–6 h post IVF were oocytes washed and put in 50 μl droplets of culture medium. IVF and embryo development was assessed for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The results showed that, in vitro fertilization, embryonic cleavage rate and the parameters of blastocysts quality such as the total cell number, trophectoderm (TE), ratio of TE/ICM and size of blastocyst in the repaglinide group were significantly higher than the control. Sura A. Awadh, Mehri Azadbakht, Faris N. A. Alhady https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195207 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Kurdish Traditional Herbal Medicine to Treat Mouth Thrush https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195208 Natural plant products are one of the important fields of research for the prevention of immunological complications. Recently, herbal medicine and plant extracts have been utilized as a substitute for commercially accessible chemical drugs for control of infection diseases. Because of chemical drugs have unpleasant side effects and caused rug-resistant microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect herbal mixture of <em>Rhuscoriaria L.</em> and peppermint water extract on five common oral bacteria. The well-plate system in BHIA (Brain Heart Infusion Agar) medium was used for primary assessment of the antibacterial properties of water extract plants. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was determined against each microorganism using macrodilution method. Diameter of the zone of growth inhibition was proportional to the concentration of the extract tested. This study found that the largest MIC was observed to be against <em>Staph. aureus</em>. Despite the usage of herbal combination of<em> Rhuscoriaria L.</em> and peppermint water extract has been recorded in prevention of mouth thrush for 10 donor patients. Therefore, both materials have a great potential to be developed as a safe and strong antibacterial activity against pathogens concerned with oral infections. Fouad H. Kamel, Shawnim Abdulla Ismail, Sangar Sabah Sabir, Adnan N. Albidani https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195208 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation of Students’ Self–Management and Academic Achievement in the University of Baghdad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195209 <p><strong>Objective(s):</strong> To evaluate university students’ self-management and academic achievement; to compare between these students relative to their self-management and academic achievement; and to determine the relationships between these students’ self-management, academic achievement and their socio-demographic characteristics in the University of Baghdad. For the period of November 2nd 2018 to May 30th 2019.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A descriptive design, using the evaluation and comparison approaches, is employed throughout the study. Two self-evaluation questionnaires are constructed for the purpose of the presents study. Content validity and internal consistency reliability are determined for the study instruments through a pilot study. A non-probability, purposive sample, of (80) university students is selected from the Medical Colleges, College of Engineering, College of Sciences and College of Education in the University of Baghdad. Data are collected through the use of the study instruments and the structured interview technique as means for data collection for the period of February 21st 2019 to March 20th 2019. Data are analyzed through the application of the descriptive statistical data analysis approach which includes frequency, percentage, mean, total score and range and inferential statistical data analysis approach of Analysis of Variance and Multiple Linear Regression.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The study depicts that most of the college students experience fair to good level of self-management and good level of academic achievement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concludes that students do not present differences in their self-management and academic achievement. Self-management is affected by students’ gender and education and academic achievement is influenced by students’ socioeconomic status</p> Basima J. Jasim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195209 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Serum Citrin and &#947;-Glutamyl Transferase as Biomarkers for Infantile Cholestasis Severity https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195200 One of the most important parameters to evaluate severity and type of cholestasis disease is gamma-glutamyl transferase and citrin protein measurements. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical value of serum citrin protein with gamma-glutamyl transferase in children with cholestasis. 60 subjects with diseases and 25 healthy subjects distributed intothree groups, citrinand gamma-glutamyl transferasewere measured for all case and control studies by enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay. The results showed serum citrin has a highly significantly decreased in an intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis groups when compared with control (P&lt;0.001), serum gamma-glutamyl transferasehas a highly significantly elevated in an intrahepatic cholestasis group when compared with control (P&lt;0.003). From these findings it was concluded that serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level is a good marker in determining the severity of cholestasis disease, serum citrin may be useful in future to diagnose the cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency. Mostafa Al-Bassam, Hassan H. AL-Saeed, https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195200 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Health Promotion Program about Sun Protection among Outdoor Workers in Helwan University https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195210 . Mona Mohamed Abd El-Maksoud, Donia Atef Ibrahiem https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195210 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Botox Effect on Sex Hormones and Lipid Profile of Females Rats https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195232 The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Botoxon sex hormones level which including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH)and progesterone in female rats and measurement of serum lipid profile. Two doses 0.1/animal and 0.2 ml/animal from Botox were used and the animals were injected intramuscular of botulinum toxin for 1 day as two doses only. The results showed a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in the level of FSH and LH, with a significant increase the level of progesterone of the female treated with 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml of Botox compared with the control group. The results showed a significant increase in the level of cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL of the female treated with Botoxat dose 0.2 ml when compared with the control group. While,the female treated with Botoxat dose 0.1 ml there was no a significant in level of cholesterol compared with control group. Also, there was a significant decrease of HDL of female rats treated with Botox compared with control group. Injections of female rats with botulinum toxin are generally well tolerated and side effects are few. A precise knowledge and understanding of the functional anatomy of the mimetic muscles is absolutely necessary to correctly use botulinum toxins in clinical practice. Sameera Jameel Tarfa https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195232 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of One Curve, Hyflex EDM and Neolix NiTi Files in Simulated Curved Canals https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195211 <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of One curve (OC), Hyflex EDM (HEDM) and Neolix (NE) files in simulated curved canals.</p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong> Forty-five NiTi files in three groups (n=15 files/group) of OC, HEDM and NE files, respectively tested in a custom-made cyclic fatigue testing device designed to have 60o curvature in a stainless-steel simulated canal with 5 mm radius of curvature. All files rotated until fracture occur to determine the time to fracture, number of cycles to fractures (NCF) and length of the fractured fragment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the fracture surface topography of the broken instruments (n=2/group). ANOVA and Tukey test was used to statistically analyses the results at significance level at 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> OC files needed more time to fracture compared to HEDM and NE files (p&lt;0.05), respectively, However, there was no significant difference of NCF between HEDM and OC file (p&gt;0.05). NE file has significantly lower NCF than that of HEDM and OC file (p&lt;0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference between all files in the mean length of the fractured fragment (p&gt;0.05). SEM images of NE showed more pores compared to OC and HEDM, however, OC revealed rougher fractured surface than that of HEDM and NE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> OC and HEDM showed comparable resistance to cyclic fatigue in simulated curved canals, despite metallurgical differences among those NiTi file systems. NE files showed the lowest resistance to cyclic fatigue compared to HEDM and OC file.</p> Mirvet M. Rashad, Ahmed H. Ali, Adel F. Ibraheem https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195211 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma in Sulaimaniya Province of Iraqi Kurdistan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195212 Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable malignancy. It is a unique neoplasm, in which the malignant cell, the Reed-Stenberg cell (RSC), it constitutes approximately 40% of all lymphomas that present during childhood. Objective: Obtain local data on the pattern of childhood and adolescent Hodgkin lymphoma in our community at presentation and then compare it with the international figure. Patients and Method: Eighty five patients with newly diagnosed pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma were admitted to Hiwa Hematology/Oncology hospital in the Sulaimaniya province of Iraqi Kurdistan were included in this study. They were studied prospectively from March 2006 to March 2014. Result: Data analyzed using SPSS software; version 13 and P-value obtained by Chi-square test, a median age at diagnosis was about 13.7 years with peak age of incidence was between 15-18 year, with male predominance. Most common site of the primary tumor was cervical lymph nodes; Nodular sclerosis was the most common histopathology and the majority was stage IIA. Conclusion: The stage in our study was age dependent but neither there was relation between the site of the primary tumor and the risk categories nor relation between risk categories and sex. Awayi Ghazy Abdulkareem, Basil Kadhim Abdallah, Zhian Salah Ramzi, Jamal Ahmad Rashid https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195212 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Association between Social Media Addiction and Life Satisfaction among University Student https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195213 <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The present study aims to assess the level of social media addiction and the level of life satisfaction among university students; and to determine the association between social media addiction and life satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> A descriptive, cross-sectional design that is initiated for the period of January 1st to May 1st, 2018 on a sample consisted of (200) students which was selected by convenient sampling method from five colleges at University of Baghdad that are: College of Nursing, College of Arts, College of Sciences, College of Physical Educations, and Ibn Rushed College of Education. The questionnaire is designed and adopted which consists of three parts; the first part is contained the covering letter and the demographic variable of the students, the second part is concerned with Social Media Addiction Scale, and the third part concerned with Satisfaction with Life Scale. The data have been collected through the utilization of the self-administrative report as a mean of data collection and analyzed by application of statistical package for social science IBM SPSS (v. 24).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The result referred that student are showing moderate level of social media addiction (60%) and moderate level of life satisfaction (66.5%). there is strong positive correlation between life satisfaction and social media addiction among students evidenced by high significance at p-value= 0.005.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study concluded that social media addiction is positively influence the life satisfaction evidenced by positive association.</p> Qahtan Q. Mohammed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195213 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Psychosocial and Physical Factors Associated with a Substance Re-abuse after Treatment among Patients with Addiction at Psychiatric Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad City-Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195214 <p><strong>Background:</strong>The high rate of relapse is an especially frustrating problem and one of the most problems that face the substance abusers after a period of treatment remains old news. Little studies are documented about the addiction relapse in Iraq.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong>The current study aims to assess the causative factors affecting the substance abuse-related relapse. And find out the relationship between the clinical and demographic characteristics with relapse.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong>A descriptive study was conducted from November 20 th 2016 to May 1 th 2017 on addict patients in Baghdad City. Purposive (non-probability) samples of 30 relapsed addicts who are inpatient in Ibn-Rushd Psychiatric Teaching Hospital and the Psychiatric unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital who had undergone treatment for substance dependency and they had at least one episode of relapse during the period of addiction. The study uses the self-administrated questionnaire. The data has been analyzed by using the descriptive statistics (Frequencies, Percentages, Means and Standard Deviations (SD) and the inferential statistics (Chi-square to find out the relationships between the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of addicts with relapse).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>The findings of the current study revealed that all relapsed patients are males with age ranged from 20 years to more than 50 years. The highest percentages of the addict patients were addicted to alcohol and two third of them have one previous admission. The results indicated that the factors of psychosocial and physical are associated with relapse to problematic alcohol or illicit drug use. There is no significant relationship between socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with relapse.</p><p><strong>Recommendations</strong>: The researchers recommended may be there treatment programs focusing on teaching the clients how to cope with the relapse and control the feeling of craving for alcohol drink and substance abuse.</p> Hassan A. Hussein, Iman H. Alwan, Kareem R. Sajit https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195214 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Slow Learners: Across-Sectional Study among Primary School Children in Kirkuk City https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195244 <p><strong>Background and Aims:</strong> Slower learners are pupils who have lower IQ scores than the average score of 100 but do not fall into mental disabilities. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of primary school children as well as to explore certain factors related to slow learning among these children in Kirkuk city</p><p><strong>Methodology</strong>: A constructed questionnaire was completed by 102 randomly selected children, who were diagnosed with a slow learner, in Kirkuk city, during 2017. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first related to sociodemographic variables and the second related to clinical findings. Frequency, percentage, and Chi-Square Goodness of Fit were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 19.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The study revealed that more than half of the pupils were male which constitute (63.7%), more than half of their parents had low educational level, and most of them had moderate economic status (60.8%), majority of them live with both parents (87.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In spite of the limitations of this study, it could be fairly concluded that low birth weight, type of delivery and genetic factors were considered as predictive factors for slow learning. So, more antenatal care had recommended for all mothers, especially who had risks of pregnancy.</p> Qasim H. Muhammed, Nazar A. Mahmood, Abid S. Kumeit, Jasim M. SHindi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195244 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Dandruff Disease; Reason and its Right Solution https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195215 More than half of the world’s population has dandruff, and people spend more than ten billion annually to defeat them. This study found by known experimental tests that dandruff is a mix of different molecules; saturated fatty acid, died cells and dust. A fifteen teenagers (22-25 years old) were randomly choiced for investigating some important information about dandruff. These teenagers indicate that they used many treatments last years without getting good results also they mentioned that dandruff appear in winter and it disappears at summer. In addition, they feel embarrass when see that their hairs have dandruff and sometimes itchy or hard one causing pain leading to unlikely behavior. This research contain the right treatment for this unlikely disease. Alaa H. Al-Darraji https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195215 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 CM Wire Endodontic Files Cyclic Fatigue after Irrigant’s Immersion https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195216 <p><strong>Aim:</strong>Cyclic fatigue and scanning electron microscope analysis of a new preheated machined CM wire endodontic files after immersion for 5 and 10 minutes in irrigants.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method</strong>: Twenty four size 20 Mpro files were used in this study divided into four groups according to irrigant of 6 files each; saline, chitosan 0.3%, chitosan 0.5% and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) 17%. Files were immersed in irrigant for 5 or 10 minutes. Cyclic fatigue tests were performed using a static cyclic fatigue testing device. Parameters reported were time to fracture, number of cycles to failure and mean length of unfractured segments. The fractured segments were scanned using a scanning electron microscope to determine the crack initiation site and number of crack origins.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>A statistically significant difference existed in mean time to fracture between the different irrigants. At 5 mins immersion time for time of fracture and number of cycles to failure with Chitosan 0.3 group showing the highest mean. At 10 mins immersion time, there was no statistically significant difference but existed only in mean time to fracture between the two immersion times within Chitosan 0.3 and EDTA groups. There was no statistically significant difference in mean length of fractured segments between all groups at 5 mins immersion time but only existed. At 10 mins immersion time within EDTA group. Scanning electron microscope photomicrographs showed that 100% of samples of group 2 chitosan 0.3 showed one site of crack origin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Chitosan 0.3% had the least destructive effect on the files.</p> S. S. El Mallah, H. F. Khalil https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195216 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Educational Protocol on Improving Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding Skin Traction https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195217 The highest prevalence of traumatic fractures that need to use of orthopedic intervention such as skin traction has increased. This study aimed to the effect of educational protocol on improving nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding skin traction. A quasi-experimental research design was used on convenience sample composed of 26 nurses working at orthopedic unit at Minia University and Minia General Hospitals. A Structured interviewing questionnaire about skin traction nurses’ knowledge questionnaire and nursing skin traction observational checklist were used. A significant improvement in nurses’ knowledge and practice about nursing care and principles of skin traction in post test. Implementation of the educational protocol. Increased nurses education and training for skin traction and periodic evaluation measures for these nurses should be constructed. Hend Elham Mohammed, Eman Sobhy El-Said, Amira Mostafa Fahmy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195217 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reactionassay for the Simultaneous Detection of Sexually Transmitted Pathogens in Women https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195218 Genital tract infection is a major source of morbidity in sexually active individuals. Reported rates of STD underestimate the exact problem of infection because the majority of STDs are asymptomatic and therefore go undetected especially in our community. The aim of this study was to investigate for the prevalence STD pathogens in females. 184 urogenital swabscollected from outpatient femalesthen analyzed by Real-Time PCR for eight different pathogens (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes simplex virus, <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em>, Hepatitis viruses B &amp; C,<em> Mycoplasma genitalium </em>and Human papillomavirus).90.21% of samples resulted positive for one of the targets named above. PCR is a beneficial diagnostic technique for STDs since it has a highly specific and sensitive. the most prevalence pathogen was Human papilloma virus 40.96%. Noor M. Taher, Haleema Salman https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195218 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Impact of Social Media on Undergraduate Medical Students in the University of Kerbala, Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195219 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Social networks refer to web-based and mobile applications available on various platforms that allow users to exchange information, ideas, feelings, files, update their status and interact with other user-generated contents over internet. Social networks are becoming increasingly popular among university students.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong>Explore the impact of social media on undergraduate medical students in the University of Kerbala and to determine the factors affecting the attitude and practice of medical students to the social media networks.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>A cross sectional study, was conducted among medical students, of both gender, from first to sixth stage in University of Kerbala/Iraq. The total sample collected was 774 students, 40 students were excluded, and accordingly, the sample was 734 students. The data were collected using a valid self-administered questionnaire that was modified to be suitable for Iraqi society. Student T test and Analysis of variance test were used to identify factors correlated with the impact of social media and p-value at the level of less than 0.05 is considered as significant value.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:About 98.2% of the medical students were used social media daily, they were used more than 4 sites to access, Majority of them used Telegram 93.7%and YouTube 89.6%. spent about 6 hours/day, more than 10 time/day, they were used social media during free time, more active at night, also the students had got a benefit from the site of college. There was a high significant difference between positive impact and stage, time spent. While there was no significant correlation with duration of sleep at night.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Overall, the impact of social media on undergraduate medical students in the University of Kerbala was positive. There was no significant correlation between gender, time spent on social media, duration of sleep at night and students’ performance.</p> Inam Abbood AL-Ibrahimy, Ali Abdulridha Abutiheen, Basheer Akeel AL-Ali https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195219 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Analysis on Relationship between Bacillus and Enterobacter Bacteria in Air with Hospital Acquired Infections Potential in Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195220 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong>Poor hospital building environment quality is due to presence of potential sources of airborne microbial and may lead to HAIs (Hospital Acquired Infections). The research aimed to find out the relationship between the Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. in the air with HAIs incident potential.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong>This research was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. This was an analytic observational research with the cross-sectional study design. Samples taken were human samples based on the criteria of the research as many as 61 patients, and the environmental samples were as many as 8 ICU rooms. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Findings and Discussion:</strong>The research result indicates that the air quality related to the microbial pollution in the air in intensive care unit room does not qualify. The result of the microorganism culture and identification is found the HAIs causing bacteria namely Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. Based on the statistic test, the value of p=0.014 (95% confidence intervals) is obtained, so there is the relationship between Bacillus sp. with HAIs incident potential. The Enterobacter sp. bacterium indicates the value of p=0.437 (95% confidence intervals), so there is not have the relationship between the Enterobacter sp. bacterium with HAIs incident potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Bacillus in the air has the potential to cause HAIs in the ICU. Aspects of hygiene and sanitation appeared to be important factor in maintaining low microbial load in the air and further research is needed related to fungi and viruses in the air because of the potential source of HAIs.</p> B. Owildan Wisudawan, Anwar Mallongi, Anwar Daud, Sukri Palutturi, Atjo Wahyu https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195220 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Salmonella Pollution in Swimming Pool Water in Makassar:Before and After Cleaning Assessment https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195221 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong>The swimming pool as one of the public places frequented by people for recreation and physical exercise must have water quality that is protected from Salmonella bacteria that can endanger public health. This study aims to determine the quality of salmonella bacteria and pH (Power of Hydrogen) in Andi Mattalatta Stadium swimming pool water and Hasanuddin University pool water before cleaning and after cleaning.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong>This research was conducted in the Andi Mattalatta Stadium swimming pool and Hasanuddin University pool water. This was descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional study design supported by laboratory examinations. Sampling each pool water two times ie sampling in the morning (after cleaning) and sampling in the afternoon (before cleaning). Pool water samples were examined in the integrated laboratory of the Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, using Bismuth Sulfite Agar.</p><p><strong>Findings and Discussion:</strong>The results showed that the water quality of swimming pool Andi Mattalatta stadium after cleaning was found Salmonella Sp. 8 colony/100 ml with pH: 6.0 and before cleaning was found Salmonella Sp. 30 colony/100 ml with pH: 5.0. The water quality of swimming pool Hasanuddin University after cleaning was found Salmonella Sp. 14 colony/100 ml with pH: 7.0 and before cleaning was found Salmonella Sp. 38 colony/100 ml with pH: 7.0. Water quality of swimming pool Andi Mattalatta stadium and Hasanuddin University pool already has been polluted by Salmonella Sp. and pH quality of swimming pool Andi Mattalatta stadium doesn’t qualify.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>It is recommended to the pool manager to improve the pool water disinfection system to reduce the total salmonella colonies that endanger visitors.</p> B. Owildan Wisudawan, Anwar Mallongi, Ridwan Amiruddin, Anwar Daud, Syamsuar Manyullei, Muhamad Subhan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195221 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Measurement of Urinary Ammonium as an Indicator for Smoking Effect on Acid Base Balance https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195222 Respiratory acidosis occurs when the gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is not sufficient. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is a general group of diseases, including smoking,that causes respiratory acidosis. The study included 50 smokers and 20 healthy individuals as a control, all of the smokers are: non diabetic, non obese, normal heart and kidneys and no administration of analgesics. The excretion of ammonium in urine and its measurement is a good parameter to quantify acid excretion of kidneys, the excretion of acid is increased when the acidity of blood is increased due to respiratory problems which is the compensation mechanism between lungs and kidneys. They study results showed an increase in urinary ammonium concentration (48.18±1.15 µM) for smokers compared with control group. The high levels of urinary ammonium ions for smokers means that gas exchange is affected by smoking which leads to an increase in CO<sub>2</sub> causing an increase in hydrogen ion concentration [H<sup>+</sup>] which is respiratory acidosis. In this case the kidneys compensate the lungs by excretion more hydrogen ions in combination with ammonia derived from glutamic acid as ammonium ions to restore normal pH. Therefore we can use the concentration of urinary ammonium as an indicator for respiratory acidosis induced by smoking. Ausama Abbas Faisal, Maher Ahmed Abed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195222 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Ozone Exposure Intake in the Ambient and the Impairment of Pulmonary Function to among Street Sweeper Workers in Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195223 <p>This study aimed to analyze the association between ozone (OSUB&gt;3) exposure and the impairment pulmonary function of the highway sweeper workers</p><p>This research applied a cross-sectional study design. The respondents of this study were 78 respondents and total samples of pulmonary function measurement were 30 people who have been working for more than 5 years which derived from 6 Villages in Jagakarsa. The measurement of O<sub>3</sub> using an ultraviolet ray absorption method. The respondent data collection and impairment pulmonary functions were conducted through questionnaire distribution, body height and weight, also spirometry measurement. The data analysis was conducted with univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.</p><p>The average of measurement within 3 days of O<sub>3</sub> concentration was 193.96 ug/m 3 . The respondents intake average value is 0.000296 mg/kg/day; respondents age of ≤ 43 years old are 42 people (53.8%); mostly wearing mask when working, there are 68 people (87.2%); respondents who have smoking habit are higher which are 51 respondents (65.4%); most of the respondents who are not doing physical activity are 42 people (53.8%). From 30 respondents, 17 respondents (56.7%) have impaired pulmonary function. The bivariate analysis result shows that smoking habits (p=0.011) and physical activities (p=0.049) have a relation to the impaired pulmonary function. According to the multivariable analysis, the smoking habit has the most influence on the impaired pulmonary function with the Odds Ratio OR =7.779 (95%CI= 1.099-55.054).</p><p>The study result shows that there is no significant relationship intake of ozone exposure in the ambient and impaired pulmonary function. There are other factors that may reduce pulmonary function which are ages, smoking habits, and physical activity.</p> Anggun Emelia, Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Bambang Wispriyono https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195223 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Development of T-CBT Model to Improve the Competence of Midwives in Prevention Depression of Sexual Violence Victims https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195224 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Around 15 million adolescent girls aged 15-19 years old experience sexual violence. Based on data from 28 countries, 90 percent of girls in that country admitted the perpetrators of violence acts were people they knew. This literature review aimed to identify and explain empirical facts of research on sexual violence in children. It also detected the acts early and formulated the prevention of persistent depression. This study explained the influence of applying the T-CBT model on the increasing midwife competence in the service of depressed children due to sexual violence.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong>The literature sources were from online journal databases published by PubMed, Proquest, Google Scholar, and other sources like Indonesian Child Protection Commission Report, P2TP2A, Indonesian Midwives Association, and relevant theses and dissertations. The data were all documents published in the last 10 years from 2008-2019 collected manually and systematically.</p><p><strong>Findings and Discussion:</strong>The T-CBT model was proven effective in preventing trauma and severe anxiety in victims of the child due to sexual violence. Empirical facts showed the impact of emotional reactivity and depressive symptoms such as ideas and attempted suicide, as well as emotional distress. The results of other studies also indicated a moderate relationship between psychopathology and objective characteristics of abuse, such as the number and types of violent incidents and the duration of abuse. The obstacles most often experienced by teenagers were having parents with a history of mental illness, intimidation, divorce, or separation from parents, physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, as well as child neglect and traumatic incidents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The CBT model is a service strategy that strengthens behavioral skills-based interventions, information-based needs, family and parent involvement, and midwife services with a patient-therapist approach, and respects the needs of traumatized adolescents.</p> Triana Indrayani, Sukri Palutturi, Ridwan Amiruddin, Agus Bintara Birawida, Retno Widowati, Rukmaini, B. Owildan Wisudawan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195224 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Literature Trend Analysis for Hospital Acquired Infection https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195225 Hospital acquired infection is the cause of many issues for health facilities, society and patients. In this study the trend of studies in this field have been analysed systematically. For that the main source of data was Scopus database. Additionally, the gap of literature identified for future studies. This article will enhance the general knowledge on the area for hospital managers, researchers, as well as policy makers. Yasaman Parsia, Shahryar Sorooshian https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195225 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Smoking on Disease Activity and Functional Impairment in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195226 <p><strong>Background:</strong>The etiology of AS is unknown, but a combination of genetic and non- genetic risk factors works in concert to produce clinical disease. Smoking has a negative impact on disease activity and functional ability in AS with more severe radiographic damage. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of smoking on AS disease indices (activity, and functional impairment).</p><p><strong>Patients and Method</strong>: A cross sectional study was conducted on 150 AS patients. Information concerning smoking, demographic characteristics &amp; clinical criteria data were gathered consisted of age, gender, BMI, duration of disease,Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS-ESR), Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI),Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). All cases were investigated for HLA-B27 and ESR.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>A total of 150 patients with AS were involved in this research. The non-smokers constituted 52% of cases. Ex-smokers formed 14.7% of patients. Low grade smokers (&lt;15 pack-year) formed 18% of patients and high grade smoker (15+ pack-year) formed 15.3% of patients. There is a positive relation and statistically significant moderately strong to strong positive linear correlation between AS disease activity, functional impairment. The mean ASDAS, BASDAI and BASFI was the lowest in non-smokers and elevate with increment in the number of cigarette smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>AS smoker cases had elevated disease activity &amp; functional impairment.</p> Najlaa Ali Hashim, Nizar Abdulateef Jassim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195226 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Epidemiology of Fibromyalgia in Basra City https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195227 Fibromyalgia syndrome is one the prevalent disabling disorder which may skip diagnosis in outpatient’s clinic. The most common symptoms in fibromyalgia may presented commonly with generalized pain, fatigue mooring stiffness, non-restorative sleep, problems of memory and concentration, as well as general symptom. Fibromyalgia syndrome in general population has mean global prevalence (2.7%), in comparison to (15-20%) rheumatology outpatient clinic (15-20%). This research aims at study epidemiology of fibromyalgia in Basra city. This is a cross sectional study carried out on patients attended Basra Rheumatology Clinic. They were clinically examined for fibromyalgia according to ACR criteria 2010. The study conducted in the period from January-March 2018. Study results revealed that the mean prevalence of fibromyalgia in Basra rheumatology clinic was 16.6% with male to female ratio 1:5. The mean score for widespread pain was (10±4.2), and symptom severity was (6±1.7) while the total score was 15. The more prevalent painful site was neck and shoulder. All patients had fatigue, waken unrefreshed and cognitive symptom, headache, and irritable bowel. Intolerance to high sound, bright light and to weather changes was notable in FMS patients. Kamal Y. Y. Aldubakel, Hiba Abdelmageed Younis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195227 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Pulmonary Function Test is More Restrictive in a smoker Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis than in Non Smokers and is Associated with Impaired Spinal Mobility https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195228 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory, rheumatic disease affecting mainly the axial skeleton, with extra-skeletal manifestations, involving lung and an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity. This research aims to assess the effect of smoking on pulmonary function test and spinal mobility.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong>A cross sectional study was conducted on 150 AS patients. Information concerning smoking history, demographic and clinical data were collected. All patients were investigated for HLA-B27, complete blood count, chest x ray and pulmonary function test. AS metrology index (ASMI) measured depending five measurements.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>A total of 150 patients with AS were enrolled in this study (139 male and 11 female) with a mean age 36.7+/-8.2 years and mean duration of the disease 11.6+/-6.9 years. The mean FVC and FEV1 was highest among non-smokers and decrease increasing amount of smoking to reach its lowest mean among those with current high grade smoker but failed to reach the level of statistical significance. Smoking habit and age had a statistically significant association with mean of ASMI after adjusting for HLA-B27 status, gender, BMI and duration of the disease. Being a former smoker or low grade smoker is equally expected to increase ASMI by a mean of 0.85 compared to non-smokers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Smoker AS patients had worse spinal mobility and restrictive PFT.</p> Najlaa Ali Hashim, Nizar Abdulateef Jassim https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195228 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in IL-1B gene in Iraqi Patients with Hepatitis B https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195233 Host genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the role of interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL-1B) gene in HBV infection and breakthrough infection in people remains unclear. The aim of this study was to detect a SNP in IL-1B in HBV infection in Iraqi people. Noor AL-Hamid, Aliaa Mohammad Hadi, Mohammad Saad Majeed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195233 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Activation of Deep Neck Muscles as an Adjunct to Vestibular Rehabilitation in Vertigo https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195234 <strong>Aim:</strong> The study was conducted to find effect of activation of deep neck muscles as an adjunct to vestibular rehabilitation in vertigo. <strong>Materials and Method:</strong> A total 20 subjects (9 males and 11 females) between 18-30 years diagnosed with Vertigo were selected for study considering inclusion criteria. Subjects were grouped into Experimental group (Group A), Control Group (Group B). Group A received exercises for deep neck muscle activation along with vestibular rehabilitation and group B received Vestibular rehabilitation. Each session was conducted for 30 minutes duration, 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Outcome assessment used was Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Motion Sensitivity Quotient (MSQ) which was assessed pre, post exercise session. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t test. <strong>Result:</strong> Within group comparison-Pre-intervention,Post-intervention Mean ±SD of Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) of group A was 37±6.48 and 23.6±8.09 respectively. In DHI there was statistically extremely significant difference with p-0.0003 and t-5.57. Group B pre and post intervention mean±SD of DHI was 38.6±3.27 and 23.6±5 respectively which was statistically not significant with p- 0.0786 and t-1.98. Pre and Post Mean ± SD of MSQ of Group A was 30.82±5.75 and 9.72±4.83 respectively. Post treatment extremely significant improvement was noted according to the p value-&lt;0.0001, t value 16.95 and Group B was 30.62±7.36 and 25.28±7.19 respectively which was statistically not significant with p-0.075 and t- 2.013. Between group comparison-Post intervention mean ±SD DHI was 23.6±8.09 and 35.2±5 respectively which was statistically extremely significant with p-0.0012 and t- 3.85 with decrease in disequilibrium, dizziness and limitations in daily activities. MSQ post intervention mean±SD was 9.72±4.83 and 25.28±7 which was statistically extremely significant with p&lt;0.0001 and t-5.67 with decrease in balance, functional mobility impairments. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Activation of deep neck muscles as an adjunct to vestibular rehabilitation in vertigo had significant effect in improving postural stability with balance, functional mobility, reduced impact of symptoms on daily activities. So, this study accepts alternate Hypothesis. Anagha A. Deshmukh, Suraj B. Kanase https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195234 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Interdental Brushing as Modality of Plaque Reduction in Ongoing Fixed Orthodontic Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195235 Fixed Orthodontic treatment is used to enhance the form, function and aesthetics of an individual. The biggest drawback of a fixed appliance is the increase in plaque and bacteria around the appliance due to the inherent nature of the appliance and inability to clean all the surfaces thoroughly leading to plaque accumulation. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of interdental brushes in reducing plaque accumulation. A randomised split mouth study was done and the results showed a significant reduction of plaque accumulation in the experimental side. The results were statistically significant at p&lt;0.001. Jeeva Rekha M. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195235 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of a New Bioactive Restorative Material (Activa) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195236 <p><strong>Aim:</strong> Evaluation in vitro the antibacterial effect of new bioactive composite restorative material (Activa) in comparison to two different bioactive materials on <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, and <em>lactobacillus acidophilus</em>.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method</strong>: Three types of bioactive restorative materials were used. The materials used in this study were Bioactive composite Activabioactive composite (<strong>A1</strong>),FUJI II LCCapsules (<strong>A2</strong>)and Fuji IX Extra Capsules (<strong>A3</strong>).Each restorative materialwere manipulated in accordance with manufacturer’s guidelines and embedded in wells made-up inplates of trypticase soy agar seeded with <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> (<strong>B1</strong>) and Lactobacillus MRS agar seeded with <em>Lactobacillusacidophilus</em> (<strong>B2</strong>).The antibacterial activity was evaluated by using a caliper to measure the diameter of growth inhibitionzones after 1 day, 1 week, 2weeks and3weeks.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The results of the tested materials were collected, statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test to determine the difference between the mean diameters of the inhibition zone produced. The results indicate that Fuji IX hadhigher antibacterial effects in comparison with the other Activa Bioactive materials and FujiII LC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: All three different bioactive materials promoted growth inhibition of the cariogenic bacteria assayed. Fuji IX glass-ionomer showed the highest efficacy and durability against the tested strains.</p> Rasha Saad Zaghlool, Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky, Mohamed Mohamed Mostafa Abdelmoaty, Mona Ismail Riad https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195236 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Laparoscopicmini-Gastric Bypass in Management of Morbid Obesity and its Comorbidities https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195237 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Laparoscopicmini-gastric bypass (MGBP) is gaining popularity among the bariatric procedures today and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) as a single-stage procedure fort he treatment of morbid obesity is becoming increasingly popular.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method</strong>: Between October 2014 and July 2018, 100 obese patients were randomized, operated upon, and followed up for 24 months in Al Minia University Hospital. A total of 50 patients underwent SG, and 50 patients underwent MGBP. The mean BMI of all patients was 47.8±5.5kg/m<sup>2</sup> , their mean age was 30±8.3 years and 80% of them were female. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12,15,18,21 and 24 months.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities were equal. The mean operative time for SG was 86.9 ± 51.6 min and that for MGBP was 108.4 ± 41.8 min; the percentage of 1-year excess weight loss was similar (76.2±4.49% for SG and 80.3±8.3% for MGBP). The comorbidities were significantly improved after both procedures, except for type 2 diabetes mellitus, which showed a higher resolution rate after MGBP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Laparoscopic SG regarding excess weight loss is comparable to laparoscopic MGBP in short-term follow-up (2 year) with less metabolic effect. Further long-term studies are needed.</p> Tantawi Abdel Naeem Mohamed, Salah Abdel- Razik, Ayman Mohamed Hassanien, Tohamy A. Tohamy, Ashraf Abdel Azeem, Mohamed Mostafa Taha Zaazou https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195237 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 lncRNAs as New Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Prospective Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195238 <p><strong>Aim:</strong> To investigate serum levels of two Immune-related functional lncRNAs, growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), in Egyptian patients with SLE and to evaluate their relationship with disease activity.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: The present study was a case-control study that was carried out on 39 patients with SLE and 46 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The expression levels of GAS5 and MALAT1 were measured using by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: There were statistically significant differences between cases and controls in GAS5 (p &lt;0.001) and MALAT1 expression (p &lt;0.01). The mean GAS5 was significantly higher in the control; while the mean MALATI expression was significantly higher in SLE patients. The ROC curve revealed that GAS5 was a good discriminant with AUC 0.849 with sensitivity 93.5% and specificity 74.3%. Moreover, MALAT1 was a good discriminant to differentiate cases from controls with AUC 0.3 with 95% CI (0.162 - 0.438), the most suitable cut-off point was ≥ 2.1 with Sensitivity 93.5% and Specificity 72.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: GAS5 and MALAT1 may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of the SLE, both lnRNAs exhibited a good diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between SLE patients and healthy controls.</p> Olfat Gamil Shaker, Yasser Hussein Nassar, Tamer Atef Gheta, Randa Mohamed Essameldin Moussa Erfan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195238 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Mumps Cases Reported in Tertiary Hospital During 2017-2018 in Baghdad, Iraq https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195239 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Mumps is a disease caused by the mumps virus. It spread from human-to-human via direct contact or by airborne droplets. Initial signs and symptoms often include fever, muscle pain, headache, poor appetite, and feeling generally unwell.This is then usually followed by painful swelling of one or both parotid salivary glands</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>A cross sectional study conducted in Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital during the period from January 2017 through December 2018. All patients of different ages and from both sexes diagnosed with mumps were included in this study.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Most infections 72.1%occur in age groups ≥15 years. The high percentage of cases occur in males (62.5%). Cases reported among the vaccinated patients in all age groups, 16 patients (55.2%) of children were ≤14 years of age. Those who don’t know about their vaccination state constitute (77.3%) of patient aged ≥15. There was a significant association between immunization state and age. High percent of infection in 2017 were in March (14.4%), April (10.6%) and January (7.7%) while lowest rates of infection were showed in year 2018 for the same period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The role of vaccination was limited in protection of patients against mumps disease; third booster dose of mumps vaccine is recommended to prevent future epidemics.</p> Amani Jabbar Hashim Al-Yasiri, Mahdi Mustafa Abdulzahra Alsaedi, Jasim Aymen Khaleefah, Ali Hassan Hayyawi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195239 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Port Terminal Analysis Operation Towards Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE) Approach https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195240 Health Safety Security and Environmental (HSSE) are common concept used to assess company’s operating performance and their supply chain majority in prominent company with high risk exposure. However, this concept has largely been underutilized within the ferry port terminal’s operation. This study asks whether the HSSE principles can applied in the ferry port terminal in Indonesia in regard sustainable aspect. In particular, it examines whether Ferry port terminal of Merak can be considered as Ecoseaport. It focuses on major ferry port terminals at inter-island hub because of the increasing volume and movement of people and vehicles in the last five years. This research is aligned with the Indonesia government policy on ‘Maritime Axis’ and is relevant with the cancellation of the Sunda Strait bridge development. Through at system dynamics simulation, this research ultimately aims to contribute to the improvement of knowledge of stakeholders that will influence a concept formulation and implementation of policy and stands appropriately of HSSE aspect. A System Dynamics approach of this research is intended to analysis and formulated all those elements involved in ferry port terminal operation against wharf capacity, port carrying and supportive capacity, passenger, vehicle and motorcycle inflow and vessel availability to transporting and movement. It was concluded that during Muslim’s feast period with number of passenger, motorcycle and vehicle stock were drastically increased than normal operation. This will affect to HSSE performance, especially health aspect which corresponding with escalate on number patient to be visited to health posts against safety, security and environmental dimension. Whilst vessel frequency for passenger and vehicle loading purpose are stagnant mode since in 2018 as per simulation being constructed. Meanwhile, health cases reported by port medical officer is becomes major concerned which need takes into attention by port management operation and governmental related parties. Wisata Taruna, Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Raldi Hendro Koestoer, Agus Edy Soesilo https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195240 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Somatic Manifestations of Depression in Patients of Nineva Province https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195245 <p><strong>Objective:</strong>To understand the somatic manifestations in patients with depression in Mosul area.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>In this study 234 patients with depression attending a civil psychiatric clinic in Mosul City in the period between 22nd of January 2017 to 22nd of November 2018 diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of the American Psychiatric Association VIR (DSMVIR) as depression were examined for somatic manifestations, and any other medical disorders.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Joints and muscles pain was the most common feature in the depressed patients, it was found in (52.1%) of the patients. Headache was the next common, (51%), followed by abdominal discomfort which was found in (47.8%) and chest pain in (44.4%), then the generalized weakness in (22.5%). Menstrual dysfunction was found in (33.8% of female patients) and sexual dysfunctions were found in (28.2% of male patients).</p><p>The higher incidence among females is due to the social roles of gender, the lower educational levels among females, and probably to avoid the stigma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Identifying somatic manifestations among depressed patient is important in diagnosis, planning a successful management and in prognosis.</p> Mahfoodh Sulaiman Hasan, Faris Mahmode Lolan, Abdullah Shakier Mahmood https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195245 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Processes Correction of Hybrid Problem-Based Learning Tutorial Sessions https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195241 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Globally, many variants of problem-based learning are operational in medical colleges. The hybrid variant of problem-based learning (PBL) is a difficult venture and needs special consideration. As a part of self-assessment process, medical schools need to have mechanisms in place to enable “Independent learning and self-directed promise” of PBL philosophy. This study gathered students’ perceptions on PBL tutorials sessions to course correct any deviations in hybrid PBL implementation.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>Using a pre-validated questionnaire, this cross-sectional study conducted from February 2019 to March 2019, collected students’ feedback on their experience with the processes of the PBL in College of Medicine at Jouf University. Students’ responded to the questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale. For simplicity, the responses were grouped “agree”, “neutral”, and “disagree.” Chi-square test assessed variation between groups.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Forty-three students’ returned the fully completed questionnaire: 23 (53.48%) were females and 20 (46.5%) were males. Interactive learning component of PBL received higher rating (65.1%): a significantly (p &lt; 0.01) higher degree of agreement by the female students. Opinion on content similarity between PBL and lectures was shared equally (50%) by female and male students. The students were skeptical about the fairness in tutors’ evaluation of students in PBL sessions, however, more male students were satisfied (p&lt;0.01) compared to female students.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>The study concludes existence of similarity of contents between lectures and PBL sessions. Tutors’ attitudes and tutor’s fairness in evaluation of students’ PBL sessions is a concern. Limiting the number of supporting lectures, training students and tutors in PBL processes are studys’ suggestions for successful implementation of hybrid PBL strategy.</p> Altaf Bandy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195241 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Psychosocial Factors to Increase Adherence Antiretroviral Treatment on New PLWH Infection https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195242 HIV become iceberg phenomenon. All HIV infected people have risk illness and die. Data of WHO 2018 were 37.9 million PLWH and 23.3 million on antiretroviral treatment. Every month about 8-15 new peoplegotnew HIV infection in Probolinggo district, Indonesia. HIV cummulative in Probolinggo at January 2018 were 1.140 people and only 60% ARV active and 15% lost to follow up. Many factors that influence adherence and many impact of it.. The aim to analysis psychosocial factors to increase adherence antiretroviral treatment on New PLWH infection.This method use observational study. The population were 61 PLWH on ARV treatment in Clini VCT Waluyojati General Hospital at January-May 2018, and sample were 54 people, sistematic random sampling, instrument quessionairres, observational sheet, medical record, independent variable were level of knowledge, age, sex, ethnics, level of education, employment, dependent variable was adherence to take ARV, analysis logistic regression with SPSS 16.0. α (0,05). The result that level of education (p=0.999; prevalence ratio (PR)=0.000), duration of ARV treatment (p=0.210; PR=2.988), level of knowledge (p=0.001; PR=4.450. It means only level of knowledge can increase 4.450 times of adherence to take ARV. The conclution wasrespondent that have good level of knowledge about antiretroviral schedule, risk, side effect, benefit, and outcomesinfluence adherence to take ARV than they have low level of knowledge. Health worker in Clinic VCT should conduct to increase counselling quality by giving about risk of ARV treatment, side effect, and all about ARV treatment and need social support to make them adhere to take ARV as doctors instruction. Widia Shofa Ilmiah, Stefanus Supriyanto, Purwati, Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195242 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Relationship between Parasitic Infections in Protozoa and Female Secondary Infertility https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195243 Parasitic diseases in protozoa are endemic in many countries around the world, especially in developing countries, and infertility is a major burden. Such infections may be infertile through damage to the female reproductive system. There are some parasitic primary animals such as <em>Trichomonasvaginalis</em> which may cause genital tract abnormalities, cervical tumors and tubal and non-anomalous pelvic infections in women. <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> causes endometriosis, dysplasia of reproductive tract and synthetic disorders such as intrauterine adhesions. Some epidemiological studies are indicate that infections with protozoa in women who suffer secondary infertility are higher than those of healthy controls. Some drugs used to treat giardiasis cause infertility in male rats by inhibiting of spermate in the epididymis, which reduces it’s viscosity. Kawther A.M. Al-Mussawi, Inam Joudah Radhi, Hameedah Hadi Abdulwahid https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195243 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Sonographic Measurement of Renal Parenchymal Thickness in Healthy Adults https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195246 <p><strong>Background:</strong>Renal parenchymal thickness (RPT) was found to be a vital parameter that can offer prognostic information on end-stage kidneys diseases. The aim of the current study was to establish normal RPT value in our population; and to reveal its relationship with age, height, and weight.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong>It was a cross-sectional analytic study conducted in the department of radiology/Azaditeaching hospital at Kirkuk city, where the sonographic assessment of RPT was performed from January 2016 to May 2018 for 253 adults with different complaints; Individuals with history of medical disorders/drugs known to affect the kidney, malignancy, pregnancy, those who had renal variant/pathology during ultrasound examination and abnormal laboratory tests were excluded from the study. Differences of RPT between two sides and gender were assessed with student ‘ s t-test, and its correlation with age, height, and weight were assessed with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>In males, the mean value (SD) of right RPT was 18.2(3.2) mm, and left RPT was 18.9(3) mm. In females, it was 16.4(2.4)mm in the right kidney and 16.9 (2.4) mm in left kidney. There was no statistical difference between RPT of the right and left kidneys (p = 0.0001). The RPT was significantly thicker in males (18.6 mm versus 16.7 mm) (P= 0.0001). There was significant moderate and strong negative correlation with age in right and left kidney respectively. There was a positive correlation with a person’s height and weight which was significant(P= 0.00001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Our population parenchymal thickness values are different from others, it is 18.6 mm male and 16.7 mm in female, parenchyma is considered thin if it was less than 13 mm in males and 10 mm in females, its decreased with age, taller and more obese persons have thicker parenchyma on both sides.</p> Israa Mohammed Sadiq, Kermanj Ismail Bakr https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195246 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Effect of Self-Regulated Learning Strategy in Motor Hyperactivity and Learning the Performance of Skill of Jump Shot in Basketball for Freshmen High School Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195247 The study aims to identify the effect of the strategy of self-regulated learning in the motor hyperactivity and learning the performance of the jump shot skill of the basketball for freshmen high school students. The researchers used the experimental design with the experimental and control groups in pre and post. This study was conducted at Al-Fursan High School, the General Directorate for Education of Al-Rusafa II for the academic year 2017-2018. Male students aged 15-16-years were surveyed using hyperactivity scale to detect the phenomenon that correspond to the study problem. Students who scored (28) on this scale were purposively selected to represent (36.842%) of the original community. They were divided into two equal groups; study and control. Each group included (14) students. The researchers prepared six educational units that are applied in the physical education lesson for the study group. The study results revealed that the selfregulated learning strategy has proved its effectiveness in reducing hyperactivity and its good investment in the physical education lesson. The self-regulated learning strategy proved its effectiveness in learning the performance of jump-shot in basketball for freshmen high school. The researchers recommend that it is necessary to pay attention to the periodic psychometry in the physical education lesson in the high school to detect unwanted behaviors and change them into active and productive behaviors, and training teachers and develop their own abilities in the application of educational strategies in the physical education lesson and caring for the modern of such strategies. Mayadah Khalid Jasim, Shaymaa Jasim Mohammed https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195247 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 The Link between Demographic Profiles with Depression among Elderly Women in Private Care Institution https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195248 Depression among elderly women living in nursing home based on demographic profile become a phenomenon in many developed countries. In most research, depression has been identified as a negative feeling that can lead to death. Depression among elderly women occur when they are 60 years and above once their children grow up and married. Then, there retired from occupations and their spouse died and make they live alone.Thus, this study aimed to identify the factors of demographic profiles have an impact on depression among elderly women. This research was conducted at a private institution in Terengganu, Malaysia with 78 elderly women as respondents quantitatively. The questionnaires from Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were adopted to analyse the risk of elderly having depression and feeling lonely in nursing home. The result showed the factors of demographic profile have an impact on depression among elderly women in private institution its strength and significant.As a conclusion, the study on depression among elderly women in nursing home is important to raise awareness about this alarming issue in the society especially among elderly women. S. Nurunsaadah, Z. M. Lukman, M. Z. Zulaikha, W. M. Y. Bukhari https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195248 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Treatment Options of Peyronie’s Disease https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195249 <p><strong>Objective:</strong>Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a localized fibrous scar in the tunica albuginea of the penis resulting in a palpable penile plaque, penile pain on erection, penile curvature and erectile dysfunction. This study evaluated our own experience with clinical outcomes after different method of treatment for PD.</p><p><strong>Patients and Method:</strong>The study included 62 patients with PD aged from 33-72 years. Two groups of patients were evaluated, the first one (Non-surgical) included 44 patients, 30 of them treated with oral therapy and 14 patients had intralesional Verapamil injection. The second group (Surgical) included 18 patients, 10 had plication of the tunica albuginea in the contralateral side of the fibrous plaque, and 8 patients had penile prosthesis implantation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>Oral therapy associated with improvement of penile bending in 50% and improvement of painful erection in 40%. Intralesional Verapamil injection results in improvement of penile bending was 56% and improvement of painful erection 70%. The plication of the tunica albuginea results in improvement of penile bending 80%, improvement of painful erection 70% and improvement of erectile function 60%. With penile prosthesis implantation, all patients had improvement of penile bending and 83% of them had improvement of painful erection. Post-operative patient’s satisfaction increased gradually by time from 3 to 9 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>The proper choice of treatment for PD affects its outcome. For surgery, the preferred option is plication in mild to moderate deformities with considerable penile length while penile prosthesis is reserved for patients with erectile dysfunction.</p> Mohammed Abdel Malek Hasan, Ehab Rifaat Tawfik, Alayman Fathy Hussien, Adel Mohammed Ali Salheen https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/195249 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Space-Time Analysis for Dengue Surveillance: A Case Study in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194955 Introduction: Surveillance is a dynamic activity that needs a continuous update to perform their function such as monitoring, evaluating, identifying high risk and supporting disease policy making. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system for capture, store, analysis and visualise a phenomenon related to the geographical position including related particular disease. This tool is claimed powerful to support disease surveillance. Objective: This study aims to apply retrospective space-time analysis using GIS on dengue cases to identify the clustering that may occur during the data period for supporting dengue surveillance. Method: This research was a descriptive study by employed GIS technique-Satscan retrospective spacetime permutation model. 159 confirmed dengue case sourced from Sleman District Health Office (Sleman DHO) between January 2017 to September 2018 was used as an input data. Geographical Positioning System (GPS) was employed to collect the coordinate location of the cases. The map was generated using Arc GIS. Results: A most likely cluster and eight secondary clusters were detected in this study. The most likely cluster was found in Depok subdistrict during the middle of March to the middle of April 2018. Conclusions: GIS shown as a powerful tool for dengue surveillance. Identification of space and time related to dengue is an alarm for related stakeholder on dengue prevention to prepare and prevent outbreak occurrence. Sulistyawati Sulistyawati, Anang Suyoto https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijphrd/article/view/194955 Sat, 01 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000