Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Comparison and Correlation of Glucose Levels in Serum and Saliva of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Background and objectives
In Diabetes Mellitus, an important aspect of glycaemic control is to regularly monitor glucose levels. Current methods employed, either require a blood sample or urine sample. These procedures usually cause pain and discomfort to the patient. Hence, arises the need for a noninvasive technique in diagnosis and in monitoring glycaemic status of an individual. The study was undertaken in an attempt to compare and correlate glucose levels in saliva and serum of patients with diabetes and non-diabetic healthy individuals, to determine the efficacy of saliva as a diagnostic aid.
Method
250 individuals visiting diabetic clinics were screened randomly. Of these, 200 were confirmed diabetics and were under medication (Study Group). The remaining 50 gave neither a past history of diabetes nor did their present glycemic status depicted high values (Control Group). Venous blood and salivary samples were obtained from each individual and subjected to glucose estimation. Both fasting and post-prandial samples were analyzed.
Results and observations
Glucose was detected in the saliva of both diabetic and non-diabetics. The fasting salivary glucose values in the control group ranged from 4.1 to 13.3 mg/dl and the postprandial salivary glucose values from 12.5 to 20.0 mg/dl. The fasting salivary glucose values in the study group ranged from 4.1 to 26.6 mg/dl and the Post-prandial salivary glucose values from 15.3 to 30.7 mg/dl. It was observed that as blood glucose levels changed in both fasting and post-prandial samples, so did salivary glucose levels, irrespective of age and sex. A significant P value < 0.001 and positive correlation was found between blood glucose and salivary glucose levels in both the diabetics and the controls.
Conclusion
It can thus be inferred that saliva can be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool in Diabetes Mellitus.
Keywords
- M Manfredi, M J Mc Cullough, P Vescovi, Z M Al Kaarawi, S R Porter. Update on diabetes mellitus and related oral diseases. Oral Diseases 2004;10:187-200.
- A Ramachandran, C Snehalatha, Vijay Viswanathan. Burden of type 2 diabetes & its complications – The Indian scenario. Current science 2002;83(12):1471-75.
- Eliaz Kaufman, Ira B Lamster. The diagnostic applications of saliva – A Review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002;13(2):197-212.
- Yarat A, Tunali T, Pisisiciler R, Akyuz S, Ipbuker A, Emekli N. Salivary thromboplastic activity in diabetes and healthy controls. Clin Oral Investing 2004;8(1):36-9
- K K Mehrotra, T N Chawla. Quantitative estimation of salivary glucose. J Indian Dental Assoc 1968;40:243-8.
- Murrah V A, Crusson J T, Sauk J J. Parotid gland basement membrane in diabetes mellitus. J Oral Pathol 1985;14:236-46.
- Darwazeh AMG, MacFarlane T W, McCuish A, Lamey P J. Mixed salivary glucose levels and candidal carriage in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Oral Pathol Med 1991;20:280-83.
- Ryan M E, Carnu O, Kamer A. The influence of diabetes on periodontal tissues. JADA 2003;134:34-40.
- Kapur A and Jorgensen L.N. Diabcare Asia – current status in India. Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice 2000;50(1):137.
- Mathews D C. The relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. J Can Dent Assoc 2002;68(3):161- 64.
Abstract Views: 184
PDF Views: 0